early cognitive views of personality psychology, theorists Lewin, Asch, Kelly, Allport, Rotter, Bandura, Beck

2. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGITS
Interpretation
of
interpersonal
events
Responses Personality

3. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS
• PHI PHENOMENON
• ISOMORPHISM
• OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
• LAWS OF SENSORY ORGANIZATION

4. LAW OF PROXIMITY Law of Similarity
Law of Closure Law of Continuation
LAW OF PRAGNANZ
(GOOD FORM)
LAW OF FIGURE/ GROUND

5. KURT LEWIN
• FIELD THEORY

6. SOLOMON ASCH
• SCHEMAS
• CONFORMITY STUDY

7. GEORGE KELLY
• PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY:
• OBSERVE EVENTS
• INTERPRET THEM IN OUR OWN WAY
• CONSTRUCT SYSTEMS
• CONSTRUCT SYSTEMS – HYPOTHESIS OR PATTERNS WE CREATE TO MAKE SENSE OF OUR WORLD

8. PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY
•CONSTRUCT ALTERNATIVISM

9. THE 11 COROLLARIES
• COROLLARIES ARE PROPOSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FUNDAMENTAL POSTULATE

10. 11 COROLLARIES
•INDIVIDUALITY
•CONSTRUCTION
•ORGANIZATION
•DICHOTOMY
•CHOICE
•RANGE
•FRAGMENTATION
•EXPERIENCE
•COMMONALITY
•MODULATION
•SOCIABILITY

11. REP TEST
• ROLE CONSTRUCT REPERTORY TEST : MEASURE CONSTRUCT SYSTEMS OF INDIVIDUALS;
CONSTRUCTS WE APPLY TO IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN OUR LIVES

12. THERAPY
• * FIXED-ROLE THERAPY

13. GORDON ALLPORT
• SOCIAL DIMENSION OF PERSONALITY
• SOCIAL INTERACTION REQUIRED FOR FULL EXPRESSION OF OUR PERSONALITY
• NEUROPSYCHIC

14. DISPOSITIONS
• CARDINAL
• CENTRAL
• SECONDARY

15. FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY

16. THE PROPRIUM
P r opr ium
c ompon ent s
Sense of bodily Self
Sense of continuing self-identity
Self-esteem
Self-extension
Self-image
The self as a rational coper
Propriate striving
Self as knower
Propriate striving

17. JULIAN ROTTER
• MOTIVATION
• FOUR MAJOR SOCIAL LEARNING CONCEPTS
• BEHAVIOR POTENTIAL
• EXPECTANCY (PROPERTY OF SMTHING)
• REINFORCEMENT VALUE (IMPORTANCE;PREFERENCE)
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SITUATION

18. BH
Value of
that
reinforcer
Expectation
of receiving
a reinforcer
The chance of
the behavior
to occur in
any specific
situation

19. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
• EXPECTANCY THAT OUR BEHAVIOR WILL LEAD TO:
• SUCCESS (HIGH FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT)
• FAILURE (LOW FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT)
• MINIMAL GOAL
• BOTH CONCEPTS CAN BE COMBINED TO MAKE PREDICTIONS ABOUT BEHAVIOR
• ROTTER’S LOW FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IS SIMILAR TO ADLER'S FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY

20. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
• PARENT INFLUENTIAL EARLY IN LIFE
• STIMULUS GENERALIZATION

21. INTERNAL –EXTERNAL CONTROL SCALE
• FORCED-CHOICE 23 ITEM TEST
• LOCUS OF CONTROL OF REINFORCEMENT: PEOPLE’S BELIEFS ABOUT THE LOCATION (INTERNAL/EXTERNAL)
OF CONTROLLING FORCES IN THEIR LIVES
• HIGHER SCORE = GREATER ETERNALLY ORIENTED
• LOWER SCORE= GREATER INTERNALLY ORIENTED

22. DEVELOPING LOCUS OF CONTROL IN
CHILDHOOD
Internal
• Supportive parents
• Consistent in discipline
• Encourage success
• Accept blame for failure
and credit for successes
External
• Overprotective and
controlling parents
• Inconsistent in discipline
• Maintain emotional
distance
• Family conflict

23. JR THERAPY
•PSYCHOTHERAPY IS A LEARNING PROCESS ITSELF
•MALADJUSTED PEOPLE:
• LOW FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND HIGH NEED VALUE;
• AVOID OR DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED FAILURE
• PROJECTION AND RATIONALIZATION
• FAIL TO LEARN NEW BEHAVIORS
• LACK NECESSARY COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND SOCIAL SKILLS

24. ALBERT BANDURA, SOCIAL-COGNITIVE
APPROACH
• INNER PROCESSES + ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES= BEHAVIOR
• ASSUMPTIONS:
• 1. TRIADIC RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM
• 2. WE REPRESENT EXTERNAL EVENTS SYMBOLICALLY
• VERBAL REPR-N
• IMAGINAL REPR-N
Behavior
Environment
Cognition
• MUCH OF BEHAVIOR IS CONTROLLED BY ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES & MODELING
Desired
outcome
Past
experience
Negative
consequence
No significant
Effect

25. BANDURA. MODELING THEORY
• BASIS OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING. OBSERVE & REPEAT
• BOBO DOLL STUDIES
• VERBAL MODELING CAN INDUCE BEH-S
• DISINHIBITION (RIOTS OR HATEFUL MESSAGES)
• WHETHER OR NOT WILL IMITATE DEPENDS ON THE MODEL, THE OBSERVER, AND THE REWARDS
ASSOCIATED

26. PROCESS OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
• FOUR FACTORS:
1. ATTENTION
2. RETENTION
3. MOTOR REPRODUCTION
4. MOTIVATION

27. •SELF-REINFORCEMENT
•SELF-EFFICACY. SOURCES OF INFO ABOUT IT:
• PERFORMANCE ATTAINMENT (PRIOR WINS)
• VERBAL PERSUASION (BEING REMINDED)
• VICARIOUS EXPERIENCES (SEEING OTHERS DO IT)
• PHYSIOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL AROUSAL

28. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
• HARDER TO LEARN WHEN MODELS PERFORM CONFLICTING BEHAVIOR
• CONCERNING IN MEDIA VIOLENCE: OBSERVERS MUCH LIKELY TO REPEAT AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR WHEN
NO PUNISHMENT SHOWN; OBS-S BEHAVE MORE AGGRESSIVELY WHEN IDENTIFY WITH AGGR. MODEL,
DEHUMANIZE THE VICTIM, WHEN INJURIES BY VICTIM ARE MINIMIZED OR SANITIZED

29. BANDURA. THERAPY
• GOAL: ELIMINATE FEARS BY RAISING EFFICACY EXPECTATIONS
• MODELING TO ELIMINATE, MODIFY BEHAVIORS, TEACH NEW ONES, ALSO FOR FEARS AND PHOBIAS, AND
ANXIETY
• TECHNIQUES:
• GUIDED PARTICIPATION MODELING
• SELF-MODELING
• COVERT MODELING

30. COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES ON
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
•AARON BECK & ALBERT ELLIS

31. AARON BECK
• SCHEMAS AND AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS
• FAULTY INFORMATION PROCESSING - PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
• COGNITIVE TRIAD
Cognitive
triad of
depression
Negative
views of
ourselves
Poor view of
life situation
Dire
forecasts for
the future

32. TYPICAL COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS
•ARBITRARY INFERENCE
•SELECTIVE ABSTRACTION
•OVERGENERALIZATION
•MAGNIFICATION
•MINIMIZATION
•PERSONALIZATION
•ABSOLUTISTIC
DICHOTOMOUS THINKING