1. Language Comparison Marie Hartmann

3. born in New York, but parents both from China

4. speaks Mandarin and Chinese at home

5. lived in China for one year and attended preschool there

8. there are no auxiliaries in questions or negative sentences

9. there are no articles

10. there are no plurals

11. affixes are rare

13. plurality and tense are not indicated by morphemes

14. four different tones can be applied to syllables; each tone changes the meaning

15. Errors Articles Reason for Errors - There are no articles in Mandarin.

16. Errors Plurals Reason for Errors – Plurality is not expressed in Mandarin.

17. Errors Verb Tense Reason for Errors – Tense and time are expressed differently in Mandarin than they are in English.

18. Errors Phonemic Reason for Error – The v sound does not exist in Mandarin.

19. References Flaitz, J., Eckstein, L. K., Kalaydjian, K. S., Miranda, A., Mitchell, D. A., Mohamed, A., . . . Zollner, L. E. (2003). Understanding your international students: An educational, cultural, and linguistic guide. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Li, C. N. & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Lin, H. T. (1981). Essential grammar for modern Chinese. Boston, MA: Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc. WIDA Consortium. (2009). The English language learner CAN DO booklet: Grades 1-2. Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.