1. The Monarchy of Britain
…or is it England… or is it Great Britain… or is
it the United Kingdom????
Ms. Noah
AP Euro REVIEW
mnoah@rih.org
@MsNoahRHS

2. The Tudors (1485 – 1603)

3. Henry VII
1485-1509
• Ended the War of the
Roses
• Star Chamber
• Foreign policy:
strengthened navy;
alliance with Spain
• Frugality (shadiness?)

5. Henry VIII
1509-1547
• Renowned for his 6
wives
• Anglican Church
• Sir Thomas More
• Pilgrimage of Grace
• Act of Supremacy 1534
(never renounced Catholicism)

7. Edward VI
1547-1553
Son of Jane Seymore (wife 3)
• Protestantism firmly
established along with
associated reforms (clerical
celibacy, mass abolished)
• Book of Common Prayer
(Thomas Cranmer)
• Devise for the Succession
(Lady Jane Grey)

9. Mary I
1553-1558
• Daughter of Catherine of
Aragon (wife #1); married to
Philip II of Spain
• Brought Catholicism back to
Spain (“Six Articles” undid
Edward VI’s religious changes
regarding clerics and mass) ->
‘Bloody Mary’s Martyrs’
• famine

11. Elizabeth I
1558 – 1603
• Daughter of Ann Boleyn (wife
#2)
• Elizabethan Settlement
• Act of Supremacy
• Act of Uniformity
• Threats by the Spanish as well
as cousin Mary Stuart (Queen
of Scots)
• English Renaissance
• Golden Age of English Lit

12. The Stuarts (1603-1714)

14. James I
1603-1625
• Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
• Previously King James VI of
Scotland
• Divine Right
• Gunpowder Plot (Guy Fawkes)
• Golden Age of English Lit
continued
• “Wisest Fool in Christendom”

16. Charles I
1625 – 1649
• Son of James I
• King of England, Scotland and
Ireland
• Battles with Parliament –
Petition of Right ship money;
short & long Parliament;
Triennial Act; Grand
Remonstrance
• English Civil War, trial & death:
“I would know by what power I am called
hither, by what lawful authority?”

17. The Commonwealth
AKA the Interregnum

18. Oliver Cromwell
1649-1658
• Military Leader (Roundheads)
• Puritan Commonwealth
• Invasion of Ireland & Scotland
• Protectorate (Lord Protector)
• Succeeded by son, Richard for 9
months; then the Council of State
until 1660, the year of…

19. The Restoration
Of the Stuart Monarchy (1660)

21. Charles II
1660 – 1685
• Son of Charles I
• Great Plague & Fire of London
• Clarendon Code
• Birth of the Whig & Tory
political parties
• “The Merry Monarch”
* Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

23. James II
1685-1689
• Brother of Charles II
• Catholic
• Parliament: Test Act
• Glorious Revoluttion

25. William III and Mary II
1689 – 1702
• English Bill of Rights
• Bank of England
established
• Act of Settlement

27. Anne I
1702-1714
• Sister of Mary II; daughter of
James II
• Acts of Union 1707 combined
England & Scotland to create
Great Britain
• Treaty of Utrecht ending War
of Spanish Succession
recognized Hanover heir

28. The Hanovers (1714 – 1910)

30. George I
1714-1727
• Great Britain transitioned
to Cabinet
Government, led by a
Prime Minister
• Sir Robert Walpole (1st
MP)
• War of the Quadruple
Alliance vs. Spain

32. George II
1727-1760
• Son of George I
• Commissioned Baroque
compositions by Handel
• War of Austrian
Succession (ended with
Maria Theresa crowned)
• Start of Seven Years War

34. George III
1760-1820
• Grandson of George II
• 1st Hanover King born in Britain
• Seven Years War
• Colonies (Stamp Act etc)
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Act of Union 1801 united Great Britain and
Ireland, creating the United Kingdom
• Descent into madness

36. George IV
1820-1830
• Son of George III
• Previously served as regent
several times when his
father was having an
‘episode’
• Napoleonic wars (regent)
• Congress of Vienna (regent)

38. William IV
1830-1837
• Brother of George IV
• Poor Law, Slavery
(mostly) abolished
• Reform Bill of 1832
• Supported
independence &
neutrality of Belgium

40. Victoria
1837-1901
• Granddaughter of George III
• Longest reign in British history
• 2nd Industrial Revolution
• Corn Laws, Potato Famine
• Reform Bill of 1867
• Imperialism
• Great Expansion
• Allied with PM Benjamin Disraeli
• “Grandmother of Europe”

42. Edward VII
1901-1910
• Son of Victoria
• Modernized the Navy
• Not very interested in
politics
• Peacemaker among other
European nations

43. The Windsors (1910 –
present)

45. George V
1910-1936
• Son of Edward VII
• World War I & TOV
• Rise of Socialism & Fascism
• Irish Free State
• Balfour Declaration
• Great Depression
• Rise of Hitler

47. Edward VIII
1936
• Son of George V
• Caused a Constitutional
crisis when he proposed
to an American
divorcee, Wallis Simpson
• Abdicated in favor of his
brother

49. George VI
1936 – 1952
• Brother of Edward VIII;
son of George V
• World War II
• Break up of British Empire;
but remained ‘head’ of the
Commonwealth of India

51. Elizabeth II
1952 – present
• Daughter of George VI
• Monarch of the
“Commonwealth of Nations”
• Suez Crisis
• Decolonization in Africa & the
Caribbean
• Falklands War