1. Applied Biomedical Engineering AMME4981 Lecture 1 Introduction to Computational Modelling and its Application in Biomedical Engineering http://www.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/people/academic/qingli/AMME4981.htm Course Web

3. Course Outline - Syllabus Seminar 2 and Final Report 13 Quiz (one hour paper and 1.5 hour Ansys) 12 Clinical applications of modelling 11 Modelling of damage, fracture and healing 10 Bone remodelling and simulation 9 Seminar 1 (literature review and preliminary studies) 8 Finite element modelling issues 7 Fundamentals of finite element method 6 Solid modelling and design optimisation 5 Introduction to CT/MRI and image processing 4 Constitutive models of biomaterials 3 Biomechanical modelling of musculoskeletal systems 2 Introduction to computational modelling and software in biomedical engineering 1

4. Course Outline - Assessment Attendance will be counted in individual project marks of 50% Participation Mark Seminar 1 – Week 8 ( 1 0%) Seminar 2 – Week 13 ( 2 0%) Group final report – Week 13 (20%) Seminar s 1 hour paper ( 10 %) and 1.5 hour in Ansys (10%) – Week 12 (total: 20%) Quiz Assignment 1 – Week 4 (10%) Assignment 2 – Week 8 (10%) Assignment 3 – Week 13 ( 1 0%) Assignment s

5. Project Based Learning Tentative Project: Hip Replacement Design (To be finalized by week 2) Metal, Polyethylene, Ceramic Implantation Hip replacement is a medical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a synthetic implant. It is the most successful, cheapest and safest form of joint replacement surgery.

8. Reverse Engineering “ Direct” Engineering Design  Computer Model  Fabrication  Product “ Reverse” Engineering Product (Bone)  CT  Data  Computer Model

9. Reverse Engineering – Application Slice Model of the prosthesis stem fitted to the medullary canal. Differences in cross-sections of the three designs of the prosthesis stems: Solid Model

10. CT-based Modelling – Procedure Segmentation of CT images Stack of sectional curves NURBs Surface fitting Solid Model Step 1 selection of CT images that represent the desired anatomy of the bone, Step 2 segmentation of the desired object(s) through detection of the contours by determining the value of Hounsfield number CT at points Step 3 creation of sectional curves along the CT points Step 4 creation of surface model from the curves Step 5 generation of the solid model of the femur

11. Review on Commercial Software – ScanFE/ScanIP Simpleware ( http://www.simpleware.com/index.php ) – MRI and CT (US$15K) ScanIP – image processing tools to assist the user in visualising and segmenting regions of interest from any volumetric 3D data (e.g. MRI, CT, MicroCT). Segmented images can be exported as STL files for CAD analysis and RP manufacturing or imported directly into leading commercial finite element packages. ScanFE – generates volume and/or surface meshes, contact surfaces and material properties from segmented data. Software Export – ABAQUS, ANSYS Segmentation Hip meshed with ScanFE Analysis

12. Review on Commercial Software – Mimics Mimics – http://www.materialise.com/materialise/view/en/65854-Homepage.html CT, MRI images Allow segmentation, solid modelling and FEA or export MedCAD Module – a bridge between medical imaging (CT, MRI) and CAD. Allow a two-way interface from the imaging system to the CAD system and vice versa . FEA – Build-in FEA module: Remesh the 3D object with the Mimics Remesher Export Software – Patran neutral, Ansys or Abaqus (surface mesh) Material Assignment – Continuious

13. Review on Commercial Software – Amira and Rhino3D Amira – http://www.amiravis.com/ Import for CT, MRI, Ultrasound images from current scanning devices via DICOM, Rhino3D – http://www.rhino3d.com/ US$195 Import for CT, MRI via DICOM Manually generate 3D solid model Import to Solidworks, Catia, Unigraphics etc

14. Review on Commercial Software – 3D Doctor http://www.ablesw.com/3d-doctor/index.html

15. – Pro/E (first feature based design tool, PTC) – Unigraphics (EDS) – CATIA (Good free-from surface modeller, Dassault Systems - IBM) – SolidWorks (PC version high-end CAD) – AutoCAD Mechanical Desktop – I-DEAS (EDS) – Solid Edge (EDS) – MicroStation – Intergraph – Rhinoceros (NURBS modeling) General-Purpose Software for Solid Modelling

20. ANSYS File System – Cont’d

21. ANSYS Modelling

22. Methods of Solid Modeling

23. Ansys Primitives

24. Top-Down method – Boolean Operation

25. Boolean Operation

26. Boolean Operation – Cont’d

27. ANSYS Element Type

29. Mesh Density Control

32. Ansys tutorial: Model nail/callus in fractured femur Upper part of bone Lower part of bone Callus Fracture site Coating Implants