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海洋研究開発機構
大気海洋相互作用研究分野
茂木 耕作
勝俣昌己
米山邦夫
安藤健太郎
長谷川拓也
Pre-YMCとYMC期間中の
MJO通過に伴う
スマトラ西方沖縁辺海の
海洋混合層変動
Pre-YMC
2015/11/23-12/17
YMC
2017/12/5-1/1
passed over Mirai
on 12/13
passed over
1 week before
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
R/V Mirai location / MJO phase
YMC2017
MR1708
Pre-YMC2015
MR1504
before MJO after MJO
weak easterly
winds<5m/s
SST>30℃
strong
westerly
winds>10m/s
SST<29℃
ocean mixed layer depth
<->SST->CAPE/CIN
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
high SST cooled SST
ECCO2-SST : JRA55-Usfc
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
high SST
week easterly
cooled SST
strong westerly
MJ
O
MJ
O
MJ
O
ECCO2-SST : JRA55-Usfc
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
24h running mean
shallow ML/IL thin BL
deep IL
fluctuating ML/BL
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
high SST
well mixed T
T10m-depth: SST+1〜2℃
T inversion
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
smaller heat loss larger LHF(〜✖3)
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
CAPE(1268 J/kg)
LCL(948 hPa)
CAPE(612 J/kg)
LCL(930 hPa)
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
CIN(-11) LFC(895) CIN(-20) LCL(863)
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
strong salinity
stratification
mixed in IL
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
phytoplankton
going down slowly
frequent
up-down
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
1 cast / day
shallow ML/IL thin BL more turbulent
8casts daily mean
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
slow current variable current
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
southward flow rotational flow
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
alongshore flow alongshore eddies
YMC2017
MR1708
Pre-YMC2015
MR1504
before MJO after MJO
higher T
lower S
shallow ML
more calm
lower T
higher S
fluctuating ML
more turbulent
1.5℃
2psu
80m
10-2
YMC2017
MR1708
Pre-YMC2015
MR1504
before MJO after MJO
lower LCL
large CAPE
small CIN
well mixed
alongshore flow
higher LCL
small CAPE
large CIN
T inversion
alongshore
eddies
18hPa
×2
1/2
surface
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
after MJO before MJO
alongshore eddies alongshore flow
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
thin BLT: shallow IL thick BLT: deep IL
ECCO2-BLT, ocean current [45-155m]
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
oceanic downwelling
Kelvin wave oceanic Kelvin waves
MJ
O
MJ
O
MJ
O
ECCO2-SLA : JRA55-Usfc
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
shallow ML/IL thin BL
deep IL
fluctuating ML/BL
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
slow current variable current
S N S N S N
YMC2017Pre-YMC2015
before MJO after MJO
slow current variable current
S N S N S N
「みらい」観測域をMJOが通過
2015/12/1300Z
MR15-04で観測されたMJO
Global-IR
観測 ECCO2 OFES2
ref. dep. = 12.5mref. dep. = 15mref. dep. = 10m
塩分過小〜0.2psu
水温過大〜0.2K
塩分過大〜2psu
水温過小〜1K
ARGO
ARGO
ARGO
高いSST(30℃)
2015/12/1300Z
MJO発生下でのSST
NOAA
低塩域(< 33psu)
2015/12/1300Z
MJO発生下での表層塩分
ECCO2
MJO
MLD
ILD
BLT
depth(m)
ILD(⊿T=0.2℃)
MLD
(⊿σ[⊿T=0.2℃])
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba
"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba

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"Ocean mixed layer variation by MJOs during Pre-YMC2015 & YMC2017" Moteki MSJ Spring 180517 @ Tsukuba

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. 世界的にもJAMSTEC以外ではできない取り組み
  2. JAMSTECの中期計画では日本の気候変動にMJOが直接影響することをYMCで明らかにする位置づけ
  3. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  4. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  5. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  6. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  7. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  8. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  9. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  10. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  11. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  12. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  13. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  14. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  15. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  16. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  17. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  18. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  19. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  20. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  21. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  22. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  23. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  24. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  25. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  26. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  27. では,今日,僕から提供させて頂く話題は,「海と空のあいだに 今日もつゆの雨が降る」、というタイトルです. 今日みなさんに最も分かって頂きたいことは,天気予報を良くするために海洋観測が如何に重要か,両者の関わりは非常に大きい,ということです. 特に,僕は梅雨前線の研究を一番長くやってきているので,梅雨にまつわる海と空との関係についてお話したいと思います.
  28. このように,みらいの観測海域をMJOが通過するところでデータを得る
  29. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  30. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  31. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  32. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  33. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  34. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  35. このように,みらいの観測海域をMJOが通過するところでデータを得る
  36. このように,みらいの観測海域をMJOが通過するところでデータを得る
  37. それを示す非常に貴重なデータを得ることができました.
  38. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  39. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  40. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  41. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  42. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  43. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  44. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  45. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  46. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  47. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  48. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  49. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  50. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  51. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  52. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  53. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  54. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  55. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  56. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  57. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  58. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  59. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  60. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  61. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to
  62. like this. This is a time-depth cross section of temperature from 3-hourly CTD observation. Mixed layer depth defined from density difference that is equivalent to 0.2degC is shown by dashed line, and isothermal depth defined from 0.2degC temperature difference is shown by dotted line. The blue line of the 29degC shows continuous downwelling thermocline from 23 November to 17 December. Meanwhile, before the MJO arriving on 13 Dec., MLD and ILD are quite shallow and BLT is less than 20 m. Whereas, as the MJO arriving 13 Dec., ILD is rapidly increasing from 20 m to 80 m, but very shallow MLD is keeping less than 20 m. Then, BLT is drastically deepening during the MJO passage. This time lag of deepening of ILD and MLD is due to