2. Tobacco smoke
• Tobacco smoke component: > 5,000 chemicals
• Electronic database of smoke
components: >2,000 chemicals
– Mainstream smoke: 542 chemicals
• Human inhalation risk: 98 chemicals
A list of smoke components needs to be selected with a sufficiently
broad chemical, toxicological, and pharmacological profile.
3. List of harzardous tobacco smoke components
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8
5. Hazardous tobacco smoke component
• The list of Hoffmann analytes: biologically
or toxicologically active mainstream smoke
components
– Based on research from the early 1990s
– Only includes carcinogens
8. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
(TSNAs)
Processed tobaccos are invariably contaminated with TSNAs.
Formed during processing (drying and fermentation)
Not present in fresh and green tobaccos
Different types of tobacco contain different concentrations of nitrosamines
The higher the nitrate content of tobaccos the higher also the nitrosamine contamination
The high-nitrate tobaccos or other dark tobacco types are high in TSNAs
No correlation between the declared tar content of cigarettes and the TSNA
concentration in mainstream tobacco smoke
No evidence that nicotine is nitrosated during the smoking process
9. Range for tar, nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA)
in tobacco for commercial cigarettes from several countries
10. Results of testing for NNK yields from three
brands of cigarettes in various countries
Nicotine yield range
0.85 mg/cig to 1.3 mg/cig 0.68 mg/cig to 1.25 mg/cig
We see these results as a compelling and urgent argument for
government regulation of carcinogen concentrations in cigarettes.
Tobacco Control 2000;9:351–354
21. Concentrations of total urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-
1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) (pg/mg creatinine) and cigarettes
per day in 1054 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007–2008 smokers
26. Quantitation of Metabolites of NNK after
Cessation of Smokeless Tobacco Use
Smokeless tobacco Smoking
Time post-cessation (days)
NNAL t1/2: 10-18 days > cotinine t1/2 : 1days
27. Metabolizer phenotypes for smokers
• PM: poor metabolizer (ratio<2)
• IM: intermediate metabolizer
(ratio between 2 and 5)
• EM: extensive metabolizer (ratio >5)
29. NNAL as a Biomarker of exposure to
cigarette smoke at the pregnancy
• Smoking patterns during pregnancy
• Second hand smoke during pregnancy
• Fetal exposure
36. LC-MS/MS analysis of NNAL
Before enzyme
treatment
After enzyme
treatment
NNAL-glucuronides Concentration:
NNAL concentration (After enzyme treatment) – NNAL (Before enzyme treatment)
37. • Simple sample preparation
– Each detection of NNAL and NNAL-glucuronides
• Rapid analytical time
– Optimization of analytical column
• High sensitivity
– Optimization of sample preparation