it gives you an idea about the foundation

1. S.Sai Teja

2. FOUNDATION:
•The foundations of the building transfer the
weight of
the building to the ground.
•They also refer to
FOOTINGS.

3. Foundation
Shallow foundation Deep foundation

4. SHALLOW
FOUNDATION:•Shallow foundations are also called spread
footings or
open footings.
•Shallow foundations can be made in depths
of as little
as 3ft (1m).

5. DEEP FOUNDATION:
 Deep foundations can be made at
depths of
60- 200ft (20 - 65m).
 Deep foundations are used for large,
heavy
buildings.

6. Deep foundations are again classified into
many types.
Let us consider the PILE foundation.
PILE FOUNDATION:
A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong
material
such as concrete that is pushed into the
ground so that
structures can be supported on top of it.
Pile foundation:

7. DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION:

8. Pile foundations are used in the
following
situations:
Low bearing capacity of soil.
When a building has very heavy,
concentrated
loads, such as in a high rise structure.
Non availability of proper bearing stratum at shallow de

9. Depending on their function, the different
types of piles are:
1. Bearing piles
2. Friction piles.
3. Sheet piles.
4. Anchor piles.
5.Batter piles.
6. Friction piles.
7.Compaction piles.

10. Compaction piles:

11. The piles which are driven in Granular soil,
to
increase the soil bearing capacity, are
named as
Compaction piles.These piles transmit most of their load to
the soil
through skin friction. This process of driving
such
piles close to each other in groups greatly
reduces the
porosity and compressibility of the soil.

12. During the process of driving the pile into the
ground, the soil
becomes molded and, as a result loses some of its
strength. Therefore the pile is not able to transfer the exact
amount of
load which it is intended to immediately after it has
been
driven.Usually, the soil regains some of its strength three
to five
months after it has been driven.

13. COMBINED END BEARING PILES:
These piles transfer their load on to a firm
stratum located at a considerable depth
below the
base of the structure.
They derive most of their carrying capacity
from the
penetration resistance of the soil.

14. •The load is transmitted to the soil through
friction or
cohesion.
• Sometimes, the soil surrounding the pile
may adhere
to the surface of the pile and causes
"Negative Skin
Friction" on the pile.
•Negative skin friction is caused by the
drainage of the
ground water.

15. Representation of End bearing and
Compaction piles:

16. Differences between Compaction piles and
End Bearing
piles:
A Compaction pile gets its bearing load mostly
from friction,
along the shaft.
The End bearing pile gets its bearing load mostly
form its
resistance at its pile point, and normally these
are very short
piles.