2. So… How good is your
memory? Let’s try a simple
test of it. Without writing
anything down, see if you can
memorize the following list of
words in their correct order.
3. Remember the following 10 items in the correct
order so that If I ask you what was word three,
you would remember it.
Watch
Missile
Muffler
Candy
Tomato
Fingernail
Scarf
Disease
Elephant
pillar
4. What is memory?
Raise your hand as soon as you recognize the music
and can identify how it is connected to you.
How do you remember this?
What is the name of the actual song?
Do you remember any Peanuts Trivia?
5. A collection of neural networks
formed through repetition from
past experiences or events in one’s
life.
What are some of your earliest
memories?
6. The ability to access the neural
networks in order to perform a task or
skill. Example recalling multiplication
facts such as 6x7, or the muscle memory
of how to hit a backhand tennis shot.
7. Peg method
A mnemonic device used to recall words or events in
their correct order.
First memorize the peg words that rhyme with the
numbers 1-10
1-bun, 2-shoe, 3-tree, 4-door, 5-hive, 6-sticks, 7-
heaven, 8-gate, 9-vine, 10-hen
18. Peg method: peg the word to the peg word: example if word number
one was motorcycle, you could peg the bun to the motorcycle with a
visual like this:
19. Let’s try it. Memorize the following items in
their correct order using the peg method. Any
questions?
Motorcycle
Cricket
Silver dollars
Dart
Baseball Bat
Doughnut
Helmet
Emeralds
Soap Bubbles
Lawn mower
20. Peg: It will come back to you!
I've seen your picture I like your pin shot
Your name in lights above it I keep it with your letter
This is your big debut Done up in blueprint blue
It's like a dream come true It sure looks good on you
And when you smile for the So won't you smile for the camera
camera I know I'll love you better
I know they're gonna love it
Peg
It will come back to you
Peg
It will come back to you
Then the shutter falls
You see it all in 3-D
It's your favorite foreign movie
21. So… did it come back to you?
Can you not only recall the peg words but the words we
learned with them? What were your images?
1-bun- motorcycle
2-shoe-cricket
3-tree- silver dollars
4-door-dart
5-hive-baseball bat
6-sticks- doughnut
7-heaven-helmet
8-gate-emeralds
9-vine-soap bubbles
10-hen-lawnmower
22. Remember the more crazy outrageous and wild they
are, the more likely you can recall them. C.O.W.M.=
recall.
23.
24.
25. Peg is great for up to 10 items, what
about more? The Loci Method.
Another mnemonic device.
Loci- for location. Using a template of known locations to
place words on.
Again, use visualization to see the “item” to memorize on
that particular location. Don’t be afraid to C.O.W.M.
5 rooms, 5 locations is enough to remember 25 words.
10 rooms, 10 locations = 100 words!!!!
Lets try it.
You may look at the locations you wrote in your journal.
30. Short term memory
As incoming information is processed it travels from the
cerebrum to the limbic system for an emotional response.
Here is where the hippocampus comes into play.
If the information is emotionally relevant the information
may be stored in the hippocampus. This is the short term
memory holding area. It may remain there for a few
seconds or for over a year.
If the memory is rehearsed (repetition) it becomes part of
your life it can be moved from the hippocampus back to
the cerebrum as part of a functional long term memory.
31. Primacy and Recency Effects
Emotion aids a memory.
Since there can be a lot of emotion with something that has
never been experienced before, firsts become more easily
recalled. This is called the primacy effect.
Example: I remember my first bass tournament more easily
than many of the other tournaments, the first time I rode a
bike, the first time I ate lobster, etc.
Due to the fact that something has just happened we also
tend to remember our lasts if it has emotional value. The
last tournament I fished, the last class I taught. This is
called the recency effect. The most recent event.
32. Recall and the primacy/recency effects.
Can you recall the first and last words from our peg
method?
One-bun-motorcycle
Ten-hen-lawnmower
What about the loci method?
What was in location one?
What was in location 25?
33. Implications for learning
By breaking study sessions into several smaller units
rather than one long session what are we doing?
More beginnings and endings create more primacy
and recency.
Remember on day one of brain studies? It is difficult
to eat a burrito in one bite? Consider the metaphor!
34. Long Term memories
Long term memories are delivered from the
hippocampus to the cerebrum. This process can take a
while as neurons and their networks need to initiate
and turn on genes in the cell to manufacture proteins
that change the response of the cell to other neurons.
This is called long term potentiation.
The memories are broken up into varies elements
associated with the information such as visual,
auditory, and other senses and delivered around the
cerebrum. This creates multiple pathways to the
information.
35. Recall
Because long term memories are stored throughout
the cerebrum this is why a smell or sound or visual clue
can stimulate and initiate the recall of a memory.
There are virtually many access points throughout the
brain to recall an event or information needed to
process something.
So you smell cookies and it triggers a host of memories
about going to grandma’s house.
I say apple and you have a working/functional memory
about what apples look like, taste, where they grow,
how good they are for you, etc.
36. More pathways, stronger memories.
If you can create more neural networks of information
through active processing and orchestrated immersion
into a topic.
Practice and repetition then strengthens the pathways
and makes access (recall) easier.
This is why writing something down makes it easier to
remember than just reading something, or watching
something. Some students highlight information in
their textbooks which is less effective than physically
taking notes.
37. Mnemonic devices aid recall
Mnemonic device: any technique that aids the ability
to recall past information or events.
Examples, peg, link, and loci methods, initialization:
remember acronyms? S.C.U.B.A., M.A.D.D., S.A.D.D.?
What about this one? Please excuse my dear aunt
Sally? Or this one, My very excellent mother just
served us nachos (used to be nine pizzas.)
Who could ever forget, Never Eat Soggy Waffles?
Songs can be mnemonic devices.
38. Substitution Memory Method
Substitute a word or phrase that
sounds like the word or term you
want to memorize.
Use the substitution word to create
a visual that helps to remember
the definition of the term.
39. You can use the substitution method for many different
terms or concepts that you want to remember.
Example of old English vocabulary words.
Turlough means a winter pond.
Turlough sounds like Turtle: I see a turtle frozen in the
ice of a pond during winter.
Piet means chatterbox. I see a person putting a piece of
pie into a person’s mouth who won’t shut up.
Griffonage means illegible handwriting. I substitute
graffiti as an example of illegible handwriting.
Others:
40. Example:
Palmary = outstanding
I see two people slapping palms when they accomplish
something outstanding.
41. Try it!
In your journal write the word.
Then write the definition.
Then write your substitution word and the visual it
creates.
Make it yours!
Make it C.O.W.M.
43. Please get out your journals and study your
new vocabulary words using the
substitution method.
Begin by reading the word, then looking at your
substitution you wrote down for it.
In your minds eye, recall the visual you attached to the
word, that should trigger the definition if you made a
good substitution and perhaps a crazy, outrageous,
and wild image.
45. Make sure to visualize the
substitution and definition
You have 5 minutes to concentrate on 25 words.
Focus and use repetition of the substitution method.
You may only use your journal and not the sheet with
the words on it.
At the end of class there will be a quiz. 10 words will be
chosen from the list and you will be given the word
and have to write the definition.
47. Memory Loss
Memory loss can occur for a variety of reasons.
Most of us forget things, especially if we don’t attend to
them or use mnemonic devices. Perhaps they aren’t all
that important to us in the first place.
What is chronic memory loss called?
Amnesia or dementia.
48. Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of past (retro) memories
Very uncommon with the exception of older people
experiencing amnesia associated with aging diseases
like Alzheimer’s or senile dementia.
Getting hit on the head and forgetting who you are but
functioning normally in every other way is mainly the
stuff of movies and fiction novels.
Some people experience isolated retrograde dementia
when subject to severe physical or emotional trauma.
49. Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia (anterior = out in front)is a
loss of the ability to create new memories after the
event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or
complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-
term memories from before the event remain intact.
This is typically caused by stroke or damage to the
hippocampus.
Ten second Tom from 50 first dates.
53. In order to graduate with a degree.
You need to accumulate credits, most
colleges/universities use semester hours.
128 semester hours in the proper courses will get you
an undergraduate degree.
What the heck is a semester hour?
54. Semester Hours!
Semester hours are the way credits towards graduation
are counted.
1 semester hour roughly equals one hour per week in
class for an entire semester.
So… if you sign up for a class that is worth 3 semester
hours that class would probably meet three times for
approximately 1 hour each time, per week. Or say, 90
minutes twice a week.
A typical full time schedule would have between 15-17
semester hours.
55. Semester hours continued.
16 s.h. x 8 semesters =128 semester hours of
credit. 4 year degree! ~31% of students
graduate with a degree in 4 years from state
schools, 53% private school.
12 s.h. to have full time status.
20 s.h. is the maximum. Why?
Lots of outside of class studying. Especially
reading.
56. How much studying?
~1 to 1.5 actual hours per semester hour of
homework reading/writing/problem
solving/studying for most classes. (plan on a
40 h0ur work week for classes and studying
to be successful.) Depending on your major
and the classes you take it may be more or
less.
How efficient/disciplined are you with your
time?
57.
58. I’m talkin’ bout study habits, skills
and strategies.
You’re a big boy/girl now. Locus of control.
The world is your oyster.
The world is competitive.
How will you play the game of life?
59. ASK YOURSELF, “WHAT DO YOU
WANT OUT OF YOUR LIFE?”
Consider if you are working hard/smart/or not at all.
What do you want from your advanced educational
experience, what are your goals?
Organize yourself with a schedule that is true to
yourself and your goals.
Use study strategies to work smart.
Pick a schedule and use the chart at the back of the
packet to see what it would look like each week.
Consider when you might study during each day. Don’t
forget to eat, exercise , work? play?
60.
61. Study Strategies.
Go to class!
S.L.A.N.T.
Stay current with syllabus. Schedule your time and
follow your schedule.
Limit distractions (environment/phone/computer.)
Study in the same environment as the test! State
bound learning.
Study for max. 30 minutes then take a break. This
creates many beginnings and endings makes for more
primacy and recency effects.
Chunk material. Study by class/section/topic.
Stay active when reading: notes vs. highlighter.
62.
63. Study strategies continued…
Don’t cram before a test. Little bites.
Stress/wellness management, diet, exercise, sleep,
rewards.
Attend discussion sessions, find support services, see
your prof. or their website when you have questions.
Form a study group.
Get into the class and what you are learning.
If you are majoring in something and you hate it, that
might mean you need to change what you are
studying.
Undecided? Who isn’t? It is the majority.
64. Test taking strategies:
Wake up early if you have a morning test. Eat some
protein. Get to the test early with the materials you
need.
Objective test. Cover up answers and visualize what
you believe to be appropriate answers to the questions.
Then reveal the choices.
Essay: Use key words and concepts from lectures and
notes/text.
Manage your time and stay relaxed.
Don’t cheat.
65. Study groups-2 brains are better
than one.
One way to remain active as a studier is to form a study
group.
We are creatures of habit. Meet people in class and ask if
they would like to study together.(3 is a good number for a
study group.)
Study on your own but come together to prep for tests or
discuss a lecture over coffee after a class. Help each other
with predicting test questions over the material (remember
predict a quiz?)Professor’s web site. Discussion sessions are
another way to interact with the material. Remember T
from SLANT?
Talk about the class and the material.
66. Case study-active processing of
study groups-Face Substitution
Today we will model forming a study group with a
specific task.
You will be given 20 names and faces to remember.
Your group will use the substitution method to learn
the names.
You will have 12 minutes to study the names and come
up with substitutions for them.
You must study as a group and work as a team on each
name.
End of class a chance for extra credit.
67. You can also use the substitution method to remember
names with faces. So how could we remember
Mr. Piskel? Pick out a prominent feature to key in with
his name. So…
68. Example: Mr. Piskel- substitute Skull for Pi(skel) then remember his name
because you can see his “skull” through his bald head.
69. You try it. Your groups creates the
substitutions.
