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The common law COMM 502, Jan. 19, 2011
Review question A statute is A type of law made by the courts A type of law made by Congress A type of law made by administrative agencies An amendment to the Constitution
Review question Government agencies like the Federal Communications Commission create rules that make up the bulk of what we know as  common law.  statutory law.  administrative law.  corporate law.
Review question The concept of “statutory construction” best refers to which one of the following? The process of legislative bodies creating and drafting the common law The process of legislative bodies creating and drafting statutes The process of courts and judges interpreting the meaning of the common law The process of courts and judges interpreting the meaning of statutes
COMMON LAW
England, before 1154 ,[object Object]
The King was considered the protector of the country
Ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction
County courts (bishops, sheriffs),[object Object]
Need to assert control over the Church,[object Object]
Sent judges from Court
Granted judges power to decide “in the name of the Crown”,[object Object]
Sent judges from Court
Granted judges power to decide “in the name of the Crown”
Jury system,[object Object]
Main principle Precedent If facts are similar, follow the decisions and law interpretations of earlier judges
Common law Inductive system Out of a body of judicial decisions, rules of adjudication (“laws”) develop
Main principle Common law  =  “judge-made law”
U.S. After 1789  English common law became the basis for American common law
precedent Tradition  Predictability Flexibility ??
How can common law correct earlier errors?
Four actions re precedent ,[object Object]
Modify/update
Distinguish
Overrule,[object Object]
Roth v. United States (1957) Memoirs v. Massachusetts (1966)
Distinguished 1967 - 1973
Miller v. California (1973),[object Object]
Unlike statutory law recorded in USCS, common law is not “written down” someplace; instead, it is contained in judicial decisions
Judicial decisiondocument that outlines the reasons for a court’s judgment
Judicial decision Usually contains: ,[object Object]
Summary of the facts of the case
Review of precedents
Reasons for following a particular precedent
A ruling (decision of how to solve the case),[object Object]
citation Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973) Volume # of the case reporter # of starting page Plaintiff (appellant) Defendant Case reporter (abbreviated) Year case decided
Class example United States v. Roth, 237 F. 2d 796 (1956)
Finding cases in Lexis

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Common law