2.  Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, thePopulated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the
island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493
following Columbus' second voyage to thefollowing Columbus' second voyage to the
Americas.Americas.
 In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that sawIn 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw
the original population nearly exterminated andthe original population nearly exterminated and
African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico wasAfrican slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was
ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-
American War.American War.
 Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship inPuerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in
1917.1917.
 Popularly-elected governors have served sincePopularly-elected governors have served since
1948.1948.
 In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing forIn 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for
internal self government.internal self government.
 In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, votersIn plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters
chose to retain commonwealth status.chose to retain commonwealth status.

4. Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

6. John Hay - Open Door PolicyJohn Hay - Open Door Policy

7. The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

8. Chapter 10.4Chapter 10.4
America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power

9. Teddy Roosevelt’s PresidencyTeddy Roosevelt’s Presidency
 Assumed Presidency after McKinley wasAssumed Presidency after McKinley was
killedkilled
 Roosevelt the PeacemakerRoosevelt the Peacemaker

Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905

Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his effortsWon the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

11. Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War
1904-19051904-1905
 Japan shocked the world by defeatingJapan shocked the world by defeating
RussiaRussia
 Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth

Japan received Southern half of SakhalinJapan received Southern half of Sakhalin
Island from RussiaIsland from Russia

Japan took over Russian interests inJapan took over Russian interests in
Manchuria and KoreaManchuria and Korea

23. The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
 A canal across Panama had been desiredA canal across Panama had been desired
for a long time. Why?for a long time. Why?
 France had started constructing a canalFrance had started constructing a canal
but gave up due to costs and diseasebut gave up due to costs and disease
 In 1903, US buys French company’s routeIn 1903, US buys French company’s route
for $40 millionfor $40 million
 Before starting, US had to get permissionBefore starting, US had to get permission
from Colombia which controlled Panamafrom Colombia which controlled Panama

24. Panama CanalPanama Canal
 Colombia refused to allow US entryColombia refused to allow US entry
 With support from the US, Panama revoltedWith support from the US, Panama revolted
against Colombiaagainst Colombia
 On November 3, 1903, Panama declaredOn November 3, 1903, Panama declared
independence from Colombiaindependence from Colombia
 US and Panama then signed canal deal whereUS and Panama then signed canal deal where
US would pay $10 million and a annual rent ofUS would pay $10 million and a annual rent of
$250,000$250,000
 This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

25. Panama Canal ConstructionPanama Canal Construction
 One of the biggest engineering undertakingsOne of the biggest engineering undertakings
everever
 Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)
 Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to removeSoft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
 Over 43,000 workers helped build canalOver 43,000 workers helped build canal
 5,600 workers dies5,600 workers dies
 Cost US $380 millionCost US $380 million
 Opened on August 15, 1914Opened on August 15, 1914

26. The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary
 It was an addition to the Monroe DoctrineIt was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
 Said that the US would be the policeSaid that the US would be the police
officer between Latin America and Europeofficer between Latin America and Europe
 The US would use force to protectThe US would use force to protect
interests in Latin Americainterests in Latin America
 ““Speak softly and carry a big stick”Speak softly and carry a big stick”

What does this mean?What does this mean?

Look at examplesLook at examples

27. Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy
 Using the US government to guaranteeUsing the US government to guarantee
loans made to foreign countries by USloans made to foreign countries by US
banks and businessesbanks and businesses
 Economic imperialismEconomic imperialism
 US banks were in control of manyUS banks were in control of many
businesses in Latin Americabusinesses in Latin America
 US said it was needed to keep EuropeanUS said it was needed to keep European
powers out of Latin Americapowers out of Latin America
 ““Substituting dollars for bullets”Substituting dollars for bullets”

28. President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson
 Practiced “missionary diplomacy”Practiced “missionary diplomacy”

US would not recognize any government thatUS would not recognize any government that
was oppressive, undemocratic and hostilewas oppressive, undemocratic and hostile
toward the UStoward the US

Mexican government was overthrown byMexican government was overthrown by
General Victoriano HuertaGeneral Victoriano Huerta

Wilson refused to recognize “a government ofWilson refused to recognize “a government of
butchers”butchers”

Wilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealingWilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealing
with Huertawith Huerta

30. President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson

US took over the Mexican port of VeracruzUS took over the Mexican port of Veracruz
after Huerta arrested some Americans sailorsafter Huerta arrested some Americans sailors

War was extremely close until Argentina,War was extremely close until Argentina,
Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settleBrazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle
conflictconflict

Huerta rejected the plan but his governmentHuerta rejected the plan but his government
collapsed shortly thereaftercollapsed shortly thereafter

Venustiano Carranza became PresidentVenustiano Carranza became President

Wilson recognized his governmentWilson recognized his government

31. Pancho VillaPancho Villa
 At first was pro-American but soon changedAt first was pro-American but soon changed
after President Carranza asked US to controlafter President Carranza asked US to control
Mexican minesMexican mines
 Killed dozens of US citizens on two differentKilled dozens of US citizens on two different
occasions(once on US soil)occasions(once on US soil)
 President Wilson ordered General JohnPresident Wilson ordered General John
Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into MexicoPershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico
and capture Villaand capture Villa
 Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed withEventually, the Mexican Army clashed with
Pershing’s forcesPershing’s forces
 By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

35. QuestionsQuestions
 How do think Latin American countriesHow do think Latin American countries
viewed the United States at this time?viewed the United States at this time?
Why?Why?
 Why did the US intervene in Latin AmericaWhy did the US intervene in Latin America
all the time?all the time?
 Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,
“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

36. President McKinley’s AssassinationPresident McKinley’s Assassination
 Killed by LeonKilled by Leon
Czolgosz(Cholgosh)Czolgosz(Cholgosh)
 He was an anarchistHe was an anarchist
that wanted all leader tothat wanted all leader to
be wiped outbe wiped out
 Hoped to promote theHoped to promote the
anarchist movementanarchist movement
 Last statement: "I killedLast statement: "I killed
the President becausethe President because
he was the enemy ofhe was the enemy of
the good people-thethe good people-the
good working people. Igood working people. I
am not sorry for myam not sorry for my
crime."crime."