1. Ch. 10.3-Acquiring New Lands

4. Puerto Rico
 Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493
following Columbus' second voyage to the
Americas.
 In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule
Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result
of the Spanish-American War.

5.  Puerto Ricans were granted US
citizenship in 1917.
 Popularly-elected governors have
served since 1948.
 In 1952, a constitution was enacted
providing for internal self government.
 In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and
1998, voters chose to retain
commonwealth status.
 Three options for the future?

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html

7.  In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the
United States with the Treaty of Paris.
 In 1902, the United States granted Cuba
its independence as promised with the
Teller Amendment.
 The US retained the right to intervene to
preserve Cuban independence and
stability with the Platt Amendment.
 The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as
well, a naval base we still have control of
today.
 In 1934, the Platt Amendment was
repealed.

8. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

9. What do you know about Cuba
today?

10. The Philippines

12. Mckinley’s Dilemma: What to do
with the Philippines?
“…there was nothing left for us to do but to
take them all, and to educate the Filipinos,
and uplift and civilize and Christianize
them, and by God's grace do the very best
we could by them, as our fellow-men for
whom Christ also died.”

15. Philippines


Emilio Aguinaldo
declared Philippine
independence from
Spain on June 12,
1898
After the SpanishAmerican War, the
US took over the
islands for $20 million
in the 1898 Treaty of
Paris

16. Philippine-American War
 The Philippine–American War broke out
after the Filipinos realized that the US
would not give them independence
 It ended with American control over the
islands
 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians dieSome contend US committed genocide
 4,165 US soldiers dead

19.  In 1935, the Philippines was granted
Commonwealth status.
 Plans for independence over the next
decade were interrupted by World War II
when the Japanese invaded and took
them over
 Allied troops defeated the Japanese in
1945.
 On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained
its independence

20. China


By the late 1800’s, it
was looking as if
China would be
carved up like Africa
had been
China wanted to
prevent this from
happening

21. The Boxer Rebellion

22. John Hay - Open Door Policy

25. Chapter 10.4
America as a World Power

26. Teddy Roosevelt’s Presidency
 Assumed Presidency after McKinley was
killed
 Roosevelt the Peacemaker




Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905
Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
Panama Canal
Roosevelt Corollary

28. Russo-Japanese War
1904-1905
 Japan shocked the world by defeating
Russia
 Treaty of Portsmouth


Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin
Island from Russia
Japan took over Russian interests in
Manchuria and Korea

43. The Panama Canal
 A canal across Panama had been desired
for a long time. Why?
 France had started constructing a canal
but gave up due to costs and disease
 In 1903, US buys French company’s route
for $40 million
 Before starting, US had to get permission
from Colombia which controlled Panama

45. Panama Canal





Colombia refused to allow US entry
With support from the US, Panama revolted
against Colombia
On November 3, 1903, Panama declared
independence from Colombia
US and Panama then signed canal deal where
US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of
$250,000
This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

46. Panama Canal Construction







One of the biggest engineering undertakings
ever
Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)
Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
Over 43,000 workers helped build canal
5,600 workers dies
Cost US $380 million
Opened on August 15, 1914

47. The Roosevelt Corollary
 It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
 Said that the US would be the police
officer between Latin America and Europe
 The US would use force to protect
interests in Latin America

48. “Speak Softly and Carry a Big
Stick”--Big Stick Diplomacy
 “Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big
Stick” diplomacy.

What does this mean?

Look at examples

53. The Great White Fleet

55. Dollar Diplomacy-President Taft
 Using the US government to guarantee
loans to foreign countries by US banks
and businesses
 Economic imperialism
 US banks were in control of many
businesses in Latin America
 US said it was needed to keep European
powers out of Latin America
 “Substituting dollars for bullets”

58. President Woodrow Wilson
 Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs also
influenced his foreign policy
 Practiced “missionary diplomacy”


US would not recognize any government that
was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile
toward the US
Used extensively in Latin America

62. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920
 Started with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz
who ruled from 1884-1911
 Diaz was overthrown by Francisco
Madero, who ruled from 1911-1913
 Madero was killed by Victoriano Huerta,
who ruled from 1913-1914
 Huerta was overthrown by Venustiano
Carranza, who ruled from 1914-1920
when he was killed

63. Problems with Mexico


Mexican
government was
overthrown by
General Victoriano
Huerta in 1913
Wilson refused to
recognize “a
government of
butchers”

64. Tampico Affair





US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz
after Huerta arrested some Americans sailors
War was extremely close until Argentina,
Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle
conflict
Huerta rejected the plan but his government
collapsed shortly thereafter
Venustiano Carranza became President
Wilson recognized his government

65. Pancho Villa-Mexican Epedition





Villa was pro-American at first but soon changed
after President Carranza asked US to control
Mexican mines
Killed dozens of US citizens on two different
occasions(once on US soil)
President Wilson ordered General John
Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico
and capture Villa
Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with
Pershing’s forces
By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

70. Questions
 How do think Latin American countries
viewed the United States at this time?
Why?
 Why did the US intervene in Latin America
all the time?
 Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,
“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

71. President McKinley’s Assassination




Killed by Leon
Czolgosz(Cholgosh)
He was an anarchist
that wanted all leader to
be wiped out
Hoped to promote the
anarchist movement
Last statement: "I killed
the President because
he was the enemy of
the good people-the
good working people. I
am not sorry for my
crime."