1. Similarities Between Tornados and Hurricanes Low Pressure Latent Heat of Condensation Strong Winds Hazardous to Life and Property

2. How do they differ? Location Size (300 miles vs. ¼ mile) Duration Season of Occurrence Distinctive Hazards

3. Layers of the Atmosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposhpere Temperature is how they are divided

4. What is the greenhouse effect? Ground is heated by visible and some infrared light from Sun (short wave) Heated surface emits IR light (long wave radiation)

5. 4 Types of Thunderstorms Single Cell Multicellular Supercell Severe thunderstorms

6. How is a cloud formed?

7. How is a cloud formed?

8. How is a cloud formed?

9. Air Masses

10. High Pressure Anticyclonic circulation Cool air sinks Clear skies, more sun = more short wave radiation

11. Low Pressure Winds are cyclonic and wind near earth surface flow toward LP Warm air rises Cloudy skies cause lower temperatures during the day

12. Classifying Clouds Form Cumulus (heap) Stratus (layer) Cirrus (curl of hair) Nimbus (rain producing) Height High Middle Low Vertical development (cross height categories)

13. How does wind happen? Pressure Gradient Force Initiates air motion Distribution across globe varies, which explains air motion/winds Coriolis Air in motion in the North(South) is deflected to the Friction Terrain will affect how wind blows over it

14. 4 Lifting Mechanisms of Air Orographic Uplift Convection Frontal Lifting Convergence

15. Albedo The reflective quality of the surface Light color = high albedo Dark color = low albedo

16. Different Types of Spheres Geosphere All processes associated with the solid earth Hydrosphere All processes associated with water Atmosphere All processes associated with the gases that envelope the earth Biosphere All processes that involve living organisms

17. Radiation Short wave = Sun Long wave = Earth

18. Ozone in Stratosphere Forms naturally Absorbs UV Rays One CFC can decompose < 100,000 O3

19. Thermal/Temperature Inversion When the surface cools rapidly, pollutants or moisture can be trapped below warmer air (inversion layer) Forms a haze over an area

20. Gases in Atmosphere Nitrogen Oxygen Argon

21. Mid Latitude Cyclones They are one of the primary weather producers in the mid lats. They are large (~2,000 km), moving atmos. vortices with centers of low atmos. pressure Can last a few days to more than a week and cover large portions of the continent Can bring abrupt changes in wind, temp, and sky conditions. Tend to be stronger and more numerous in fall, winter, and spring!