1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 Immigration Section 2 Urbanization Section 3 The Gilded Age Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

8. Intro 6 Why It Matters European and Asian immigrants arrived in the United States in great numbers during the late 1800s. Providing cheap labor, they made rapid industrial growth possible. They also helped populate the growing cities. The immigrants’ presence affected both urban politics and labor unions. Reactions to immigrants and to an urban society were reflected in new political organizations and in literature and philosophy.

10. Intro 8 continued on next slide

11. Intro 9

12. End of Intro

15. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Geography and History Immigrants from all over the world enriched the cultural life of the United States.

16. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

21. Section 1-9 What helped immigrants adjust to living in the United States? Immigrants tended to adjust well to living in the United States if they quickly learned English and adapted to the American culture. Skilled immigrants, those who had money, or those who lived among their own ethnic group also tended to adjust more successfully. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Europeans Flood Into the United States (cont.) (pages 336–339)

24. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What caused the increase in Japanese immigrants between 1900 and 1910? Japanese immigration to the United States increased because Japan started to build an industrial economy and an empire. The economy of Japan was disrupted and caused hardship for the Japanese people. Asian Immigration to America (cont.) (page 339)

28. Section 1-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did nativists oppose eastern European immigrants? Nativists thought the large influx of Catholic immigrants from Ireland would give the Catholic Church too much power in the American government. Labor unions feared that immigrants would work for lower wages and take work as strikebreakers. The Resurgence of Nativism (cont.) (page 340)

29. Section 1-17 Checking for Understanding __ 1. cramped quarters on a ship’s lower decks for passengers paying the lowest fares __ 2. a preference for native–born people and a desire to limit immigration A. steerage B. nativism Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A

30. Section 1-18 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Describe where most immigrants to the United States settled in the late 1800s. Most immigrants settled in neighborhoods of large cities. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

31. Section 1-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain why nativist organizations sought to limit immigration. Nativist organizations disliked their religion, and immigrants were perceived to take jobs from Americans. Checking for Understanding (cont.)

32. Section 1-20 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Geography and History What routes did European and Asian immigrants take to get to the United States? Europeans generally entered through Ellis Island, New York, Asians through Angel Island, San Francisco.

33. Section 1-21 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Why did some Americans blame immigrants for the nation’s problems? They were blamed for economic recession and stigmatized for their religion and political beliefs.

34. Section 1-22 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Political Cartoons Compare the cartoons on page 338 of your textbook. What conclusions can you draw about American views on immigration in the late 1880s? Why do you think various people viewed immigration differently? Some Americans embraced immigrants and others were threatened by new arrivals.

35. Section 1-23 Close Evaluate how nativism affected immigration policies.

36. End of Section 1

39. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy Political bosses grew powerful in urban areas by helping immigrants find work and necessities.

40. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

42. Section 2-6 What did the cities have to offer Americans that rural America did not? Cities had electricity, running water, and modern plumbing. People were able to go to museums, attend theater performances, and visit libraries as well. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Americans Migrate to the Cities (cont.) (pages 341–342)

45. Section 2-9 What made it necessary to build skyscrapers? The increasing need for land drove the price of land up. Buildings were built upward instead of outward to use less land in an effort to keep costs down. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The New Urban Environment (cont.) (pages 342–343)

47. Section 2-11 What were some differences between the social classes? The social classes differed in their level of income and the area in which they lived. The wealthy lived in the heart of the city in elaborate homes. The middle class lived away from the central city and used commuter lines to get to work. The working class lived in cities in tenements. Separation by Class (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (page 343)

49. Section 2-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Urban Problems (cont.) Were native-born Americans correct in blaming immigrants for the increase in crime and violence? Why or why not? The crime rate for immigrants was not significantly higher than that of native-born Americans. (page 344)

53. Section 2-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were some of the problems caused by political machines? The bosses that ran the political machines grew rich by accepting bribes, selling permits to friends, and dealing in other corrupt ways to benefit themselves. Urban Politics (cont.) (pages 344–345)

54. Section 2-18 Checking for Understanding __ 1. the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician __ 2. an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government __ 3. the person in control of a political machine __ 4. a very tall building __ 5. multi-family apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting minimal living standards A. skyscraper B. tenement C. political machine D. party boss E. graft Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. C D E A B

55. Section 2-19 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain what two technologies made the building of skyscrapers possible in the late 1800s. Steel frames and durable plate glass made the building of skyscrapers possible.

56. Section 2-20 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy How did political machines respond to the needs of the people? Political machines provided jobs, housing, food, heat, and police protection.

57. Section 2-21 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Comparing Compare the conditions under which the wealthy class, the middle class, and the working class lived in the United States in the late 1800s. The wealthy lived in grand homes in fashionable areas. The middle class lived in comfortable homes in streetcar suburbs, and the working class lived in tenements.

58. Section 2-22 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Photographs Study the photographs of the Brooklyn Bridge and the Flatiron Building on page 342 of your textbook. Why was it advantageous to construct taller buildings rather than purchase more land? Land was limited and expensive, and taller buildings allowed more people to work in the cities.

59. Section 2-23 Close Evaluate the role that political machines played in urban politics in the late 1800s.

60. End of Section 2

63. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Cultures and Traditions The Gilded Age was an era of great cultural change in the United States.

64. Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

68. Section 3-8 Why did Mark Twain and Charles Warner call the era from about 1870 to around 1900 the Gilded Age? They were trying to warn people about the society during this time. “Gilded” refers to something covered in gold on the outside while the inside is cheaper. They believed that although on the surface, society appeared to shine, the inside actually held corruption, poverty, and crime. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A Changing Culture (cont.) (pages 348–349)

73. Section 3-13 Why were devout Christians and some science leaders against Social Darwinism? They rejected the theory of evolution because it went against the Bible’s account of creation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Social Darwinism (cont.) (pages 349–350)

77. Section 3-17 How did the realism movement in art and literature differ from that of the romantic artists? The realism movement portrayed people realistically. It did not attempt to idealize people as the romantics did. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Realism (cont.) (pages 350–351)

82. Section 3-22 What were some of the changes in popular culture during this time? People had more money to spend during this time. As a result, they spent money on entertainment and recreation. They were also willing to leave their homes to go out in public to have fun. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Popular Culture (cont.) (pages 351–352)

83. Section 3-23 Checking for Understanding __ 1. a type of music with a strong rhythm and a lively melody with accented notes __ 2. an approach to literature, art, and theater that attempts to accurately portray things as they really are and holds that society will function best if left to itself __ 3. providing money to support humanitarian or social goals __ 4. stage entertainment made up of various acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic shows A. philanthropy B. realism C. vaudeville D. ragtime Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A D C

84. Section 3-24 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe how changes in art and literature reflected the issues and characteristics of the late nineteenth century. Art and literature became more realistic as artists and writers depicted the world as they believed it to be, not as they thought it should be.

85. Section 3-25 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Cultures and Traditions What were the defining characteristics of the Gilded Age? Defining characteristics included individualism, urbanization, new values, art, and forms of entertainment.

86. Section 3-26 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Synthesizing Do you think the idea of the Gospel of Wealth is still alive today? Why or why not? Answers will vary.

87. Section 3-27 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Photographs Analyze the photograph at the top page 352 in your textbook. How does the clothing the musicians are wearing compare with the clothing worn by musicians today? Answers will vary.

88. Section 3-28 Close Evaluate the doctrine of Social Darwinism and its impact on industry.

89. End of Section 3

92. Section 4-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Individual Action Many middle- and upper-class individuals worked to soften social and economic inequality.

93. Section 4-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

97. Section 4-8 What was the real importance of Henry George and his writings? George raised questions about American society and challenged the ideas of Social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Social Criticism (cont.) (pages 353–355)

100. Section 4-11 What did Jack London’s tales of Alaskan wilderness illustrate? They demonstrated the extreme power that the natural environment can have over civilization. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Naturalism in Literature (cont.) (page 355)

107. Section 4-18 How did Jane Addams and Lillian Wald help the poor? They set up settlement houses that provided poor residents a place to go for medical care, recreation, English classes, and hot lunches. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Helping the Urban Poor (cont.) (pages 355–357)

112. Section 4-23 In what way did public schools pose a problem for immigrants? Parents were afraid their children would become too Americanized and forget their culture and traditions. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Public Education (cont.) (pages 357–358)

113. Section 4-24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. causing someone to acquire American traits and characteristics __ 2. a philosophy and approach to art and literature based on the belief that nature can be understood through scientific observation and that society functions best with some governmental regulation __ 3. institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English A. naturalism B. settlement house C. Americanization Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B C

114. Section 4-25 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe the way naturalist writers portrayed the fictional characters in their novels. Naturalist writers portrayed their characters as people who failed in life because they were caught up in circumstances beyond their control.

115. Section 4-26 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Individual Action How did the efforts of Jane Addams and Mary Brewster help poor people in urban areas in the late 1800s? Their efforts helped to provide medical care, recreation, English classes, and meals.

116. Section 4-27 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing What role do you think the government should play in the economy? Give reasons to support your opinion. Answers will vary.

117. Section 4-28 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Graphs Examine the graphs on page 354 of your textbook, and then develop a quiz with questions based on specific information found in the graphs. Include at least one broad question about a pattern you see. Give the quiz to some of your classmates. Quizzes will vary.

118. Section 4-29 Close Pose and answer questions about the methods that social critics advocated to improve society.

119. End of Section 4

120. Chapter Summary 1

121. End of Chapter Summary

122. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. providing money to support humanitarian or social goals __ 2. a preference for native–born people and a desire to limit immigration __ 3. causing someone to acquire American traits and characteristics __ 4. an organization linked to a political party that often controlled local government __ 5. multi-family apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting living standards A. steerage B. nativism C. tenement D. graft E. political machine F. party boss G. philanthropy H. vaudeville I. ragtime J. Americanization B J G E C

123. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 6. a type of music with a strong rhythm and a lively melody with accented notes __ 7. stage entertainment made up of various acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic shows __ 8. cramped quarters on a ship’s lower decks for passengers paying the lowest fares __ 9. the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician __ 10. the person in control of a political machine H A I D F A. steerage B. nativism C. tenement D. graft E. political machine F. party boss G. philanthropy H. vaudeville I. ragtime J. Americanization

124. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts How did the Chinese in the United States react to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? The Chinese in the United States organized letter-writing campaigns, petitioned the president, and filed suit in federal court.

125. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What attempts did nativist groups make to decrease immigration to the United States in the late 1800s? Nativist groups set up the American Protective Association, the Working Man’s Party of California, and worked to get the Chinese Exclusion Act passed.

126. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What problems did cities in the United States face in the late 1800s? Cities faced congestion, crime, violence, fire, disease, and pollution.

127. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What did realist authors such as Mark Twain and Henry James write about? They wrote about the world as they saw it.

128. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What movements in the late 1800s addressed urban problems? The Social Gospel, revivalism, and settlement house movements addressed urban problems.

129. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Geography and History What factors led so many people to immigrate to the United States in the late 1800s? Military conscription in their homeland, religious persecution, and better job opportunities in the United States led many people to immigrate to the United States.

130. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Analyzing What methods did political machines use to build support in the late 1800s? They provided housing, jobs, food, heat, and police protection to new immigrants unfamiliar with the United States and its culture.

131. Chapter Assessment 10 Geography and History The graph below shows how much immigration contributed to population growth in the United States between 1860 and 1900. Study the graph and answer the questions on the following slides.

132. Chapter Assessment 11 Interpreting Graphs By about how much did the population of the United States increase between 1861 and 1900? The population increased by about 2.5 million. Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

133. Chapter Assessment 12 Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Understanding Cause and Effect What is the relationship between immigration and population increase? Immigration played a significant role, especially in the period from 1881 to 1885.

134. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. Which of the following concepts is associated with both Social Darwinism and the Gospel of Wealth? A Philanthropy B Natural selection C Government regulation D Laissez-faire Test-Taking Tip Read the question carefully. Although more than one answer may apply to either Social Darwinism or the Gospel of Wealth, only one answer applies to both .

135. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the only ethnic group to be officially excluded by federal law from immigrating to the United States between 1870 and 1900? The Chinese were the only ethnic groups to be officially excluded.

136. End of Chapter Assessment

137. CC 2-1 Economics In the 1870s people thought that typing was physically too strenuous and intellectually too complicated for women. As a result, most secretaries were men. The Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) conducted a survey and found that stenography was a lucrative career. In order to help working-class girls who came to urban areas for jobs, the YWCA offered shorthand and typing classes for women.

138. F/F/F 3-Folklore The Seventh-Inning Stretch This baseball tradition, where fans often stand up to stretch in the middle of the seventh inning, does not have a completely reliable history. One claim is that in 1869, all the Cincinnati Red Stockings players stood during the seventh inning to seek relief from the hard wooden benches on which they were sitting. Another popular story asserts that in 1910, President William Howard Taft stood to stretch himself; thinking that the president was leaving, fans at the Washington Senators game also stood out of respect. Although organized baseball was played as early as the 1850s, the game really took off after the Civil War. Returning veterans helped to form teams, and by 1866 there were 202 teams in 17 states.

139. FYI 2-1 During the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, John Roebling, who designed the bridge, was killed on the job. His son continued directing the work until being injured. The work was then taken over by John’s wife, who completed the project with her son’s direction.

140. FYI 3-1 Football became a popular spectator sport during the Gilded Age, with college games proving to be the biggest draw. Rutgers and Princeton played in the first collegiate contest in 1869. Throughout the late 1800s, three Eastern universities–Harvard, Yale, and Princeton–dominated the sport.

141. FYI 4-1 Ungraded schools were common in rural areas. Children from 3 to 18 were often taught in the same classroom.

142. Moment in History 2 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

143. CT Skill Builder 1 Hypothesizing When you are reading new material, you may often encounter ideas and events that you do not immediately understand. One way to overcome this difficulty is to make educated guesses about what happened. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

144. CT Skill Builder 2 Learning the Skill When you read things that you do not understand, you probably make guesses about what the material means. You may or may not have been able to prove these guesses, but you have taken a step toward deciphering the information. This step is called hypothesizing. When you hypothesize, you form one or more hypotheses, which are guesses that offer possible answers to a problem or provide possible explanations for an observation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Hypothesizing

147. CT Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill Using the steps you have discussed and what you have read in the chapter, test the hypotheses on the following slides and determine if they can be supported. Hypothesizing

148. CT Skill Builder 6 1. Most immigrants who came to the United States came in search of work. 2. Improved transportation led people to move to urban areas from rural areas. The hypothesis cannot be supported because there are no solid statistics in the text. The hypothesis could be revised to indicate that some immigrants came in search of work. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Transportation is not a reason listed in the text. Hypothesizing Practicing the Skill (cont.)

149. CT Skill Builder 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. 3. The general laissez-faire approach taken by the government toward growing cities was beneficial to businesses and citizens. The laissez-faire approach was not beneficial to all citizens. Hypothesizing Practicing the Skill (cont.)

150. M/C 1-1 “Old” and “New Immigrants, 1870-1900 Immigration, 1870-1900 Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

151. M/C 1-1a

152. M/C 1-2

153. M/C 4-1

154. Why It Matters Transparency

155. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

156. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

157. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

158. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reform Darwinism

159. GO 1

160. GO 2

161. GO 3

162. GO 4

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