3. CourseOutcomes:
• Apply the knowledge of geometric principles to arrive at surveying problems
• Use modern instruments to obtain geo-spatial data and analyze the same to
appropriate engineering problems.
• Analyze geodetic data to process and perform analysis for survey problems with the
use of electronic instruments
• Integrate the geodetic surveying with Geospatial tools for better interpretation
• Memorize the astronomical terms for global understanding and application of data
• Evaluate the land and satellite survey methods and its significance in real world
4. Program Outcomes (POs)
PO-1 Engineering knowledge::Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO-2 Problem analysis::Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO-3 Design/development of solutions::Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components
or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO-4 Conduct investigations of complex problems::Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO-5 Modern tool usage::Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations
PO-6 The engineer and society::Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal
and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO-7 Environment and sustainability::Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO-8 Ethics::Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering
practice.
PO-9 Individual and team work::Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings.
PO-10 Communication::Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO-11 Project management and finance::Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering, management
principles and apply the same to one’s own work, as a member or a leader in a team, manage projects efficiently in
respective disciplines and multidisciplinary environments after consideration of economic and financial factors.
PO-12 Life-long learning::Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long
5. Course Specification
LTP : 3:0:0 Credits : 3
CA Structure : 3 Tests:
1 before MTE (3th week)
2 after MTE (9th and 10th week)
6. ▶ L:T:P– 3 : 0 : 0 Credits: 3
▶ Text Book
1. Kanetkar T P and S V Kulkarni, Surveying and Levelling Part 2, Pune Vidyarthi Griha
Prakashan
2. K.R. Arora, “SurveyingVol. 1” Standard Book House, New Delhi.
3. Sateesh Gopi, Global Positioning System, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New
Delhi.
1. S.K. Duggal, “SurveyingVol.I & II”, Tata McGraw Hi ll Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. R Subramanian, Surveying and Leveling, Second edition, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
3. DavidClerk, Plane and Geodetic SurveyingVol1 andVol2, CBS publishers.
4. B Bhatia, Remote Sensing and GIS , Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. T.M Lillesand,. R.W Kiefer,. and J.W Chipman, Remote sensing and Image
interpretation, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons India
6. B.C. Punmia, “SurveyingVol.2”, Laxmi Publications pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Unit 1
Tacheometric Surveying: Introduction, purpose, principle, instruments, stadia constants, methods
of tacheometry, anallatic lens, subtense bar, field work in tacheometry, reduction of readings, errors
and precisions.
Geodetic Surveying: Principle and Classification of triangulation system, Selection of base line
and stations, Orders of triangulation, Triangulation figures, Station marks and signals, marking
signals, Extension of base, Reduction of Centre, Selection and marking of stations.
Unit 2
Theory of Errors: Introduction, types of errors, definitions, laws of accidental errors, laws of
weights, theory of least squares, rules for giving weights and distribution of errors to the field
observations, determination of the most probable values of quantities.
8. Unit 3
Field Astronomy: Introduction, purposes, astronomical terms, determination of azimuth, latitude,
longitude and time corrections to the observations.
Aerial photogrammetry: Introduction, Principle, Uses, Aerial camera, Aerial photographs,
Definitions, Scale of vertical and tilted photograph, Ground Co-ordinates, Displacements and
errors, Ground control, Procedure of aerial survey, Photomaps and mosaics, Stereoscopes, Parallax
bar.
Unit 4
Modern Surveying Instruments: Introduction, Electromagnetic spectrum, Electromagnetic
distance measurement, Total station, Digital self-leveling levels, scanners for topographical survey.
9. Unit 5
Remote Sensing: Introduction, Principles of energy interaction in atmosphere and earth surface
features, Image interpretation techniques, visual interpretation, Digital image processing, Global
Positioning system.
Unit 6
Geographical Information System: Definition of GIS, Key Components of GIS, Functions of
GIS, Spatial data, spatial information system Geospatial analysis, Integration of Remote sensing
and GIS, Applications in Civil Engineering.
10. Surveying
•Surveying is the science and art of determining the
relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the
earth’s surface and locating the points in the field.
11. WhySurvey
Surveying allows us to get accurate and valid measurements of things that
are on the surface of the earth.
Phases of Survey
Field Work
* Data Procurement Phase
Office Work
* Analysed
* Reduced to useful form by mathematical calculations
* Adjusted
* Frequently converted to graphical mode of Expression
13. • The plain surveying is that type of surveying in which earth
surface is considered as a plane and the curvature of the earth is
ignored. In such surveying a line joining any two stations is
considered to be straight. The triangle formed by any three points
is considered as a plane triangle, and the angles of the triangle
are considered as plain angles.
• Surveying is carried out for a small area of less than 250 km2 . It is
carried out by local or state agencies like R & B department,
irrigation department, railway department.
PlainSurveying
15. GEODETICSURVEYING
• The geodetic surveying is that type of surveying in which the
curvature of the earth is takeninto account.
• It is generally extended over larger areas. the line joining any two
stations is considered as curved line.
• The triangle formed by any three points is considered to be spherical
and the angles of the triangle are considered tobe spherical angles.
• Geodetic surveying is conducted by the survey of India department
and is carried out for a larger area exceeding 250 km2
18. CLASSIFICATIONOF SURVEYING
Surveycan beclassifiedinto variouscategories dependingon
methodsused andnatureof thefield, basedon Purpose&Basedon
Instruments
• ClassificationbasedonNatureof field
LandSurvey
LandSurveyisdoneon land toprepareplan and mapsof a given area.
Topographical, city andcadastralsurveysaresomeof theexamplesof land
surveying
Land Survey Maps
20. AstronomicalSurvey
Thissurvey isconducted for thedeterminingof latitudes, longitudes,azimuths,
local time,etc. for variousplaces on earthbyobservingheavenlybodies(sun or
the stars).
21. AerialSurvey
An aerial survey is conducted from aircraft. Aerial cameras take photographs
of the surface of the earth in overlapping strips of land. This is also known as
photographic survey.
Aerial Survey Map
22. • ClassificationbasedonPurpose
GeologicalSurvey
In this both surface and subsurface surveying are conducted to locate
different mineralsand rocks.In addition, geological featuresof theterrain
such asfolds and faultsare located.
Geological Survey Map
23. MineSurvey
Mine Surveyincludes include bothsurface and underground surveys.Itisconducted for
the exploration of mineral deposits and to guide tunneling and other operations
associatedwith mining.
W A ST E D U M P
MN
A B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
I NDEX
PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE GROUND CONTROLPOINTS
CO- ORDINAT E S OF GROUNDCONTROL POINTS
N 10°50'52" E076°49' 53"
10°50' 45"E076°50' 30"
GCP-1 GCP-2 GCP-3
M.L.Boundary
7.5mSafetyZone
Workings
Contours
Nallah
Canal
WasteDump
RetainingWall
WaterGarland Drain
Core BoreHoles
Statutorybuildings
RopeWayLine
66 K.VPowerLine
ExistingPlantation
MineApproach
Roads
CHECKBUND
GPSCO- ORDINATESOFBOUNDARYPOINTS
B OU ND ARY LAT IT UDE LONGITU DE B OU ND ARY LAT IT UDE LONGITU DE P ILLARS P ILLARS
A N 10°51'34. 0 0" E076 °45'53. 00" H N 10°51'21. 0 0" E076 °46'47. 00"
B N 10°51'34. 0 0" E076 °46'06. 00" I N 10°51'09. 0 0" E076 °46'40. 00"
N 10°51'08 0 0" E07 6°46 00. 00"
C N 10°51'44. 0 0" E076 °46'06. 00" J
D N 10°51'47. 0 0" E076 °46'22. 00" K
N10°51'13. 00" E07 6°46'00. 00"
E N 10°51'47. 0 0" E076 °47'24. 00" L N10°51'13. 00" E07 6°45'48. 00"
F N 10°51'39. 00" E07 6°47'24. 00" M N 10°51'23. 0 0" E07 6°45'51. 00"
G N 10°51'21. 0 0" E076 °47'06. 00"
G CP-2
G CP-1
G CP-3
456HFL HighFloodLevel
Crushing &
Screening Plant
BH-2(II)
D-150.00
EXPLOSIVE
MAGAZINE
24. ArchaeologicalSurvey
Itisconducted tolocate relics of antiquity,civilization, kingdoms, forts,temples,
etc.
MilitarySurvey
It has a very important and critical applications in the military. Aerial surveys are
conducted for this purpose. It is conducted to locate strategic positions for the purpose
of army operations.
Military Survey Map
28. TheodoliteSurvey
In theodolite survey thehorizontalangles are measured with thetheodolite more
preciselythan compassand thelinearmeasurementsaremadewith a chain ortape
30. co-ordinates) aremade
EDM (ElectronicDistanceMeasurement)Survey
In this type of survey all measurements ( length, angles,
with thehelp of EDM instrument(i.e.. Total Station).
31. GPS(GlobalPositioningSystems)Survey
GPS was rapidly adapted for surveying, as it can give a position (Latitude,
Longitude and Height) directly, without the need to measure angles and
distances between intermediate points. Survey control could now be
established almost anywhere and it was only necessary to have a clear view
of the sky so the signal from the GPS satellites could be receivedclearly.
32. DGPS(DifferentialGlobalPositioningSystems)Survey
This Type of Surveys Which Are Carried Out Using The Differential GPS. It Achieves Higher
Positional Accuracy By Making Use Of The Differential Capabilities Of Two Or More GPS Antenna
Linked By A Radio Signal.
33. Advanced surveying
equipments
• Electronic Theodolite
• EDM – Electronic distance measurement eqp.
• Auto Level.
• Digital Level.
• Laser Level.
• Laser Distance meter
• T
otal station.
• GPS – global positioning system.
34.
35. 1.Electronic Thoedolite
• For precise surveys the vernier theodolites are
replaced by modern theodolites such as optical
and electronic theodolites.
• The electronic theodolites have optical
system to scan both horizontal and vertical
circles and display them digitally on a screen
36. 2. EDM (Electronic Distance
meter)
1. EDM is Electronic Distance meter
2. Measurement of distance is done by a
modulated microwave or infrared
carrier signal
3. The distance is determined by emitting
and receiving multiple frequencies, and
determining the integer number of
wavelengths to the target for each
frequency.
37. 3. Auto Level
• Now most commonly used levelling instruments are - Auto level.
• Auto level, as name sounds it has a auto level compensator and
corrects automatically if instrument goes out of level within it’s
range.
• With auto level:-
1. Survey work can be done fast,
2. Less chances of error,
3. Magnification available is more,
4. Range is more,
5. Image is erect so less chances of error.
38. 4. Digital Level
• They are not popular instead auto levels are more
extensively used.
• The Trimble DiNi Digital Level : Determine accurate
height information 60% faster than with automatic
leveling
• Eliminate errors and reduce reworkwith digital
readings
• Transferdata to the office easily
• Measure to a field ofjust 30 cm
39. 6. GPS – Global Positioning
System.
What isGPS?
🠶 GPS, which stands forGlobal PositioningSystem, is
the only system today able to show you your exact
position on the Earth anytime, in any weather,
anywhere.
🠶 Global PositioningSystem –A network of satellites
(24 total – 21 in use, 3 spares) that continuously
transmit coded information which makes it
possible to precisely identify locations on earth by
measuring distance from the satellites.
