41. Reason for Decline
• Feudal Lords gained
power, became less
loyal to the king
• Invaders from the West
and North chipped
away at Zhou lands
• Legend of Eastern and
Western Zhou?
42. Era of a Hundred Schools
• Feudal states fought for
control over a period of
several hundred years
• Turmoil and war led to the
development of
philosophies
aimed at forming
a peaceful society
51. Government
• Shi Huangdi =
1st Emperor
• Legalist
• Autocracy
• Centralized
Bureaucracy
• Code of Qin
• 36 Military
Districts
52. Economics
• Centralized
• Farming
• Public Works
• Uniform
currency –
weights &
measures
53. Social Order
Nobility had no real
power, which had
shifted to the Shi Huang Di
leaders in the
autocracy
Warriors
Nobility
Artisans
Merchants
Peasants
64. Achievements
• Chinese still refer to
themselves as Han
• Fertilizer
• Acupuncture
• Seismograph
• Civil service exams
65. Dates Gov. Econ. Social People Philos. Achiev.
Structure & Religion
Early Pre Clan? Subsistence Clans Polytheist farming
People - Consensus? Agriculture Family All Yin/Yang Pottery
1650 Important Ancestor Irrigation
Worship Silk
Shang 1650 Appointed Farming Hierarchy Wu Ding Same Calligraphy
– Rulers Craftsmanship Oracle Bones Silk
1027 Chariots
Chopsticks
Zhou 1027 Feudal Feudal Same but Confucius Confucianism Mandate of
– Local lords gain Farming & Feudal Lao Zi Taoism Heaven
220 power over Commerce Han Fezi Legalism Iron
time Trade Coins
Population Books
Growth Acupuncture
Qin 221 Bureaucracy Government Power shifts Shi Huangdi Legalist Public school
– 36 Military Owned to emperor Book Burning Great wall
203 Provinces Uniform Taxes and his Mirrors
Legalist Uniform military
leaders Marble
Coinage
Han 202 Confucian Farming Same basic Liu Bang Confucian Canal&Road
– officials Silk Road hierarchy Wudi Government
220 AD Civil Service Monopolies socially but Bodhiharma Intro to Monopoly
Exams power now Buddhism Expansion
held by
educated
68. East Meets West
• Marco Polo
• The Crusades
• Kow Tow
• Silk, Tea, and
Gun Powder
• Opium
69. The Opium Wars
• Treaty of Nanjing
– China to pay
21 million dollars
– Loss of Hong Kong
– Loss of sovereignty
70. Revolution and Republic
• Chinese rebels, supported by European
powers, forced out the Emperor
• Formed as a republic
• Fell to warlords in 1916
• Turned to
Nationalism in 1928
• War with Japan in 1937
• Fell to Communists in 1949
• Now Taiwan
• A Quick History
71. Chiang Kai Shek
• Took part in the 1911 revolution
against Qing Dynasty.
• Became nationalist leader in1928
• Elected the first president under in
1948.
• Fled to the island of Taiwan
• There, he became president of a
nationalist government and
continued to promise re-conquest
of the Chinese mainland until his
death in 1975.
73. Mao Zedong
• Born to a peasant family
• Joined the Chinese Communist
Party as a founding member in the
1920s
• Led an uprising in 1927
• Led the Red Army on the Long
March.
• Brought the communists to victory
against the nationalists in 1949,
after more than 20 years of civil
war.
74. Red Army & the Long March
• Came into being in August 1927.
• Both a political and social role:
from distributing propaganda
among the masses to arming them
and helping them establish
revolutionary political power.
• Forced to retreat in October 1934
by Nationalists, 0ne hundred
thousand soldiers and party
leaders braved bitter conditions
…only 28,000 completed the trip
• The marchers' legendary discipline
increased party prestige, and the
movement grew rapidly.
75. Great Leap Forward
• Mao proposed that China should
make a "great leap forward" into
modernization.
• Began a militant Five Year Plan to
promote technology and
agricultural self-sufficiency.
• Fertile rice fields were ploughed
over, and factory construction
work began.
• Farming was collectivized
• 23,500 communes were created
• Farmers had no idea how to use
the new factories
• Massive famine in 1960 and 1961
• Twenty million people starved
76. Cultural Revolution
• A ten-year political campaign to
recapture excitement of the
revolution
• Ideological cleansing began with
attacks by young Red Guards on
so-called "intellectuals" to remove
"bourgeois" influences.
• Millions were forced into manual
labor, and tens of thousands were
executed.
• Cultural Revolution was declared
officially to have ended with Mao’s
death and the arrest of the Gang
of Four.
77. Red Guard
• People in their teens and 20s who
supported the shake-ups within the
Communist Party in the Cultural
Revolution.
• Mao urged workers to turn on their
managers and students to turn
against their teachers.
• Entire schools were closed by units
of Red Guard students,
• Chinese people who were
between the ages of 15 and 25
during the period of the Cultural
Revolution are now referred to as
the "lost generation", having missed
out on a proper education.
78. Deng Xiaoping
• A veteran of the Long March
• Took over after the Gang of Four
were purged
• Dominated both the party and
government throughout the 1980s
• Instituted a variety of economic
reforms aimed at decentralizing
China's economy and opening the
country to international trade
• Resigned from his last party post in
1989, after supporting the use of
suppressive military force in the
upheaval of Tiananmen Square.
• Died in 1997
79. Tiananmen Square
• Started as a mass demonstration of mourning students
• Demonstrators soon began to call for greater
democracy
• The authorities' response was initially lenient
• On 4 June 1989 troops
and tanks of the People's
Liberation Army stormed
into Tiananmen Square
and ended the peaceful
protest with a massacre
in which thousands were
killed.
84. Tibet
• 640 Tibet established as
independent kingdom
• 820 Peace treaty signed
with China
• 1270 Conquered by
Kublai Khan
• 1913 Dalai Lama claims
independence
• 1950 Invaded by China
• 1959 Dalai Lama fled to India
• 1995 Named Panchen Lama
85. Taiwan
• Established as “The
Republic of China” in 1949
• One-Party system until 1987
• Now a multi-party
democracy
• World export power
• Reunification vs.
independence