1. Chapter 5
War and British Conquest

2. The British Conquest of North America
• Fighting broke out between Britain and France to
control the Ohio Valley in 1754
– This was along the western boundary of the Thirteen
Colonies
• This dispute turned into a fight for the whole
continent
• By 1756 the fight had gone global and nine
European countries had chosen sides
• In 1760 Britain seized control of Quebec
• Britain also took control of the French colony of
Guadeloupe in the Caribbean

3. Treaty of Paris
• The war ended in 1763 with the signing of the
Treaty of Paris
• The treaty allowed France to keep the colony
of Guadeloupe and a small base in North
America
– The islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
• In the treaty they also gave up its other claims
in North America to Britain and Spain

4. History Happens
• Read “It Only Lasted an Hour” on page 156
• Read “The Battle of the Plains of Abraham” on
page 157.
– Answer questions 1 and 2

5. Britain’s Victory: Change and Challenge
• The Treaty of Paris was signed in order to end the
Seven Year War
• France had to give up almost all of its claims to
North America under the Treaty of Paris
• In the negotiations for the Treaty of Paris, France
made Britain guarantee that they wouldn’t
retaliate against any of the French allies
• They also made sure that the people of New
France would still be able to practice their
religion

6. The Visit from Pontiac
• Pontiac was the leader of the Odawa
• The Odawa were part of the Anishinabe
nation and were a long time ally of the French
• He spread word from village to village trying
to get people of the First nations to join
together and fight the British.
• His reasoning was to try to maintain their
claim to the land which they believed was left
to them by their ancestors.

7. The Last Governor of New France
• The last governor of New France was Pierre de Rigaud
de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial
• He was forced to give up New France in the
negotiations in the Treaty of Paris
• He was the one who surrendered to the British in 1760
• He surrendered because he felt France couldn’t win,
and that the population had already suffered enough
• Vaudreuil was arrested for surrendering and spent
several weeks in prison
• France withdrew from New France, but the Canadiens
remained because that was their home