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DESIGN OF AIRPORTS
AR.PROF.J.SUBRAMANIAN. B.ARCH.,FIIA.,
Design Chair, MEASI Academy of Architecture
PRESENTATION BY
30th OCTOBER 2013
WHAT IS AN AIRPORT ?
AIRPORT IS A HANDLING FACILITY
o HANDLES AIRCRAFTS
o HANDLES PASSENGERS
o HANDLES ACCOMPANIED BAGGAGE
o HANDLES UN ACCOMPANIED CARGO
EFFICIENCY OF AN AIRPORT
 TURNING ROUND TIME OF AN AIRCRAFT
 ALIGHTING OF ARRIVING PASSENGERS.
 UNLOADING OF ARRIVAL BAGGAGE AND CARGO
 CLEANING OF PASSENGER CABIN, TOILETS AND
GENERAL HOUSE KEEPING INCLUDING
UNLOADING OF FOOD TROLLEYS.
 RE-FUELLING.
 MANDATORY ENGINEERING CHECKS.
• BOARDING OF DEPARTING PASSENGERS.
• LOADING OF DEPARTURE BAGGAGE & CARGO.
• LOADING OF PASSENGER CABIN WITH FRESH
FOOD, LINEN, TOILETERIES, AND OTHER
PASSENGER NEEDS LIKE NEWSPAPERS ,
MAGAZINES ETC.
• CABIN CREW CHANGE IF NECESSARY.
• OBTAINING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE
FOR DEPARTURE.
• ALL THE ABOVE TO BE PERFORMED WITHIN
50-60 MINUTES.
 LANSIDE FORMALITIES - DEPARTURE (DOMESTIC)
• PASSENGER ENTRY CONTROL.
• SECURITY CONTROL FOR CHECK – IN BAGGAGE.
• CHECK IN FORMALITIES.
• PASSENGER CONCESSIONERIES.
• LOUNGES.
• PASSENGER & HAND BAGGAGE SECURITY.
• HOLDING LOUNGE.
• BOARDING GATES
 LANSIDE FORMALITIES - DEPARTURE (INTERNATIONAL)
• PASSENGER ENTRY CONTROL.
• SECURITY CONTROL FOR CHECK – IN BAGGAGE.
• CHECK IN FORMALITIES.
• IMMIGRATION COUNTERS
• TRANSIT PASSENGERS JOIN AT THIS POINT
• PASSENGER CONCESSIONERIES INCLUDING DUTY FREE SHOPS
• LOUNGES.
• PASSENGER & HAND BAGGAGE SECURITY.
• HOLDING LOUNGE.
• BOARDING GATES
 LANSIDE FORMALITIES - ARRIVAL (DOMESTIC)
• ARRIVAL GATES.
• PASSENGER TOILETS.
• TROLLEY STORAGE.
• COLLECTION OF CHECKED IN BAGGAGE.
• EXIT
• PRE-PAID TAXI, TRAVEL, HOTEL, MONEY EXCHANGE
COUNTER ETC.
• MEET & GREET – TAKE TRANSPORT TO CITY
 LANSIDE FORMALITIES - ARRIVAL (INTERNATIONAL)
• ARRIVAL GATES.
• PASSENGER TOILETS.
• TRANSIT LOUNGES
• IMMIGRATION CHECK
• ARRIVAL DUTY FREE SHOPS
• TROLLEY STORAGE.
• COLLECTION OF CHECKED IN BAGGAGE.
• CUSTOMS CHECK
• EXIT
• PRE-PAID TAXI, TRAVEL, HOTEL, MONEY EXCHANGE COUNTERS ETC.
• MEET & GREET – TAKE TRANSPORT TO CITY
 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENTS
• AIRCRAFT LADDERS.
• GROUND POWER UNIT.
• TOILET BOWSERS.
• FUELING SYSTEMS (Tankers or Hydrants).
• PASSENGER BUSES.
• CATERING VAN.
• AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE VEHICLES.
 FIRE STATION
• POSITIONING BASED ON MEETING RESPONSE TIME
(MAXIMUM 3 MINUTES).
• CONTROL ROOM
 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENTS
MAINTENANCE SHED AND PARKING AREAS.
 FLIGHT KITCHEN.
 FUEL FARM.
 ISOLATION BAY
 HAZARDOUS BAGGAGE DISPOSAL.
 QUARANTINE ROOM.
 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES.
 AIR SIDE REQUIREMENTS
• RUN WAY
• TAXIWAY
• APRON
 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER.
• AERODROME CONTROL
• APRON CONTROL
• TECHNICAL BLOCK
CASE STUDY
SINDHUDURG AIRPORT
Concept Design of Passenger Terminal Building
and Air Traffic Control Tower
The Site
Site Location
N
Master Plan
Master Plan – Phase 1(2018)
N
Master Plan – Phase 1(2018)
N
Master Plan – Phase 2(2025)
N
Master Plan – Phase 2(2025)
N
Master Plan – Beyond 2025
Ultimate expansion of
passenger terminal can
support air traffic of appx. 3
mppa.
N
Passenger Terminal Building
Air Traffic Forecast and Phasing
Year
Peak Hour
Passengers
Peak Hour
Aircarft
Movements
2013 59 2
2014 69 2
2015 108 2
2016 121 3
2017 136 3
2018 190 3
2019 324 4
2020 411 5
2021 535 6
2022 731 9
2023 651 8
2024 848 10
2025 986 11
•The traffic forecast of 2018 shows a peak hour passengers 190.
•Since the airport is designed for Code 4D aircraft, minimum 400 peak
hour passengers need to be considered. (200 departing and 200arriving
passengers)
•The peak hour passengers increases 5 times from 2018 to 2025, It is
recommended to build a loose fit passnger terminal, which will cater
ultimately for the traffic load of 2025.
Total Passengers (Annual & Peak)--Strategy-II Time Period
1.23 2013-2017
24%
1.20 2018-2022
19%
1.20 2023 onwards
15%
Spillover from
Goa (domestic)
Additional Traffic
generated due to
industrial
development
Tourists from
Ratnagiri
(domestic)
Tourists from
Sindhudurg
(domestic)
Domestic
(Total)
International Total (domestic
+ international)
Peak Hour
(Only
Domestic)
Terminal
Capacity (arrival-
domestic)
Terminal
Capacity
(departure-
domestic)
2013 - 10,380 - 61,557 71,937 8,340 80,277 59 30 30
2014 - 15,158 - 69,031 84,189 13,748 97,937 69 35 35
2015 - 17,232 - 116,243 133,475 19,809 153,284 108 54 54
2016 - 18,894 - 130,451 149,345 26,869 176,214 121 61 61
2017 - 21,256 - 146,386 167,642 40,820 208,462 136 68 68
2018 - 21,680 55,782 225,215 302,677 56,951 359,628 190 95 95
2019 28,251 23,726 58,013 407,568 517,558 68,667 586,225 324 162 162
2020 102,492 24,618 60,334 470,039 657,483 74,513 731,996 411 206 206
2021 226,227 24,618 62,747 542,154 855,746 80,328 936,074 535 268 268
2022 349,962 24,618 65,257 729,413 1,169,250 86,596 1,255,846 731 366 366
2023 424,203 24,618 67,867 803,020 1,319,708 93,353 1,413,062 651 326 326
2024 622,179 24,618 70,582 1,000,780 1,718,159 100,638 1,818,797 848 424 424
2025 820,155 24,618 73,405 1,080,922 1,999,100 108,491 2,107,591 986 493 493
Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day
Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic -2023
Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day
Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic
Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day
Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic
Passenger Flow Diagram
Alight From Aircraft
Immigration
Control
Baggage Claim
Custom
Check
Retail / Passenger
Facilities
Arrival Hall
Traffic Forecourt
Departure Arrival
Domestic
International
Departure Concourse
Hold Baggage Screening
Check-in
Emigration Control
Security Check
Concessions
Departure lounge
Boarding Gate
Aircraft
Traffic Forecourt
Arrival
Duty Free Shops
Duty Free Shops
Passenger Terminal - Design Program
•Level of Service- C is proposed for the design year 2025.
•Passengers wil experience higher LOS till 2025.
Description Phase 1-2018 Phase 1-2018
1 Check-in Counters 07 Nos. 17 Nos.
2 Security Check Counters 02 Nos. 03 Nos.
3 Emigration Counters 02 Nos 03 Nos.
4 Departure Lounge 260 sqm 625 sqm
5 Boarding Gates 1 No. 2 Nos.
6 Arrival Immigration Check 03 Nos 6 Nos.
7 Baggage Claim Carousels 1 No 2 Nos
8 Custom Counters 1 Nos. 2 Nos.
9 Arrival Hall 200 sqm 450 sqm
•Design Calculations based on the peak hour passenger for phase1 (2018) and phase 2 (2025)
Site For Passenger Terminal
N
Design Principles
Simplicity
Making the terminal building simple will be
easier for passenger, it will be more convenient
for the users, be cheaper and more efficient to
build and operate. In complex buildings like
airport terminals it is a major challenge to
achieve and maintain simplicity during the
design, building and operations phase
Flexibility
An airport is under constant change. There is
general requirement for expansion and
modifications in response to changing and often
unforeseen demands. Therefore the design must
be such that it is easy to change and expand, with
minimal disruption to airport operations.
”Loose Fit”
The concept of loose fit is closely related to the
demand for flexibility. During the design phase of
any terminal building there will always be a
demand to execute severe cuts in the floor area
to save money and stay within the budget. The
lesson learned from other airports is that making
the building too confined will create a demand for
early expansion, resulting in higher costs and
operational disruption or having to live with a
building not able to cater for changing needs.
Make It Convenient, Comfortable, Attractive
The terminal planning must make way finding
easier. There must be plenty of light, good
views, and transparency. A good range of nicely
designed shops, cafes, restaurants and bars
must be provided together with attractive
lounges and other service facilities. The
processing of immigration, customs, and
security must be effective and courteous.
Maximize Revenue Generating Areas
There is a very clear and strong international
trend that a large proportion of the airport
owner’s revenue comes from shops, food and
beverage. The traveling public increasingly
looks at airports as places to renew their
wardrobe, buy the latest in electronic
appliances, having a workout session or
getting their hair cut. Therefore large areas
should be allocated to commercial
development, even though they may not be
immediately let able.
Passenger Terminal Building
Ground Floor – Zoning
Check-in
Departure Lounge
Baggage Claim
Arrival Hall
Offices
Security
First Floor- Zoning
Offices
Ground Floor – Flow Plan
Ground Floor Plan – Phase1 (upto 2018)
Check-in
Departure Lounge
Baggage Claim
Arrival Hall
Offices
Security
Landside Aerial View
Airside Aerial View
Landside View
Check-in Hall
Departure Lounge
Location of ATC Tower
• ATC tower is strategically located near the geometric centre of the runway to ensure the visibility of
runway end and apron.
• The height of the eye level will be required at approx 24m from the ATC ground level so that vision line
creates an angle larger than 1% with both the runway ends.
ATC tower N
Site Plan
ATC, Technical
Building and
Admin
Security
Post
Airside
Boundary
ATC Entry
Administration
Entry
Views
Views
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT
SKY LIGHTS OVER DEPARTURE HALL
AIRPORT VILLAGE
SOUTH FAÇADE
MAXIMUM GLAZING
EAST WEST FAÇADE
BLANKED OUT
SUSTAINABILITY-PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
• AIRPORT VILLAGE – AIR COOLED
• ADDITIONAL NATURAL LIGHT THROUGH SKY LIGHTS
• ZERO EFFLUENT INTO THE GROUND
• FREE COOLING OF COMFORT ZONES DURING WINTER
SILVER RATING BY LEED
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT – MASTER PLANNING
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
VIEW FROM AIR SIDE
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
AERIAL VIEW
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
INTERNTIONAL DEPARTURE
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
VILLAGE AREA
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
INTERNATIONAL CHECK - IN
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
BAGGAGE HANDLING
HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER
ONE OF THE TALLEST IN THE
REGION (65M)
INCORPORATES BOTH RUNWAY
AND APRON CONTROLS IN TWO
LEVELS
LOCATION SUITABLE FOR
WATCHING THE WHOLE AIRSIDE
INCLUDING THE ULTIMATE PHASE
THANK YOU

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SRM- JSM - AIRPORTS-30 0CT 13.pptx

  • 1. DESIGN OF AIRPORTS AR.PROF.J.SUBRAMANIAN. B.ARCH.,FIIA., Design Chair, MEASI Academy of Architecture PRESENTATION BY 30th OCTOBER 2013
  • 2. WHAT IS AN AIRPORT ? AIRPORT IS A HANDLING FACILITY o HANDLES AIRCRAFTS o HANDLES PASSENGERS o HANDLES ACCOMPANIED BAGGAGE o HANDLES UN ACCOMPANIED CARGO
  • 3. EFFICIENCY OF AN AIRPORT  TURNING ROUND TIME OF AN AIRCRAFT  ALIGHTING OF ARRIVING PASSENGERS.  UNLOADING OF ARRIVAL BAGGAGE AND CARGO  CLEANING OF PASSENGER CABIN, TOILETS AND GENERAL HOUSE KEEPING INCLUDING UNLOADING OF FOOD TROLLEYS.  RE-FUELLING.  MANDATORY ENGINEERING CHECKS.
  • 4. • BOARDING OF DEPARTING PASSENGERS. • LOADING OF DEPARTURE BAGGAGE & CARGO. • LOADING OF PASSENGER CABIN WITH FRESH FOOD, LINEN, TOILETERIES, AND OTHER PASSENGER NEEDS LIKE NEWSPAPERS , MAGAZINES ETC. • CABIN CREW CHANGE IF NECESSARY. • OBTAINING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE FOR DEPARTURE. • ALL THE ABOVE TO BE PERFORMED WITHIN 50-60 MINUTES.
  • 5.  LANSIDE FORMALITIES - DEPARTURE (DOMESTIC) • PASSENGER ENTRY CONTROL. • SECURITY CONTROL FOR CHECK – IN BAGGAGE. • CHECK IN FORMALITIES. • PASSENGER CONCESSIONERIES. • LOUNGES. • PASSENGER & HAND BAGGAGE SECURITY. • HOLDING LOUNGE. • BOARDING GATES
  • 6.  LANSIDE FORMALITIES - DEPARTURE (INTERNATIONAL) • PASSENGER ENTRY CONTROL. • SECURITY CONTROL FOR CHECK – IN BAGGAGE. • CHECK IN FORMALITIES. • IMMIGRATION COUNTERS • TRANSIT PASSENGERS JOIN AT THIS POINT • PASSENGER CONCESSIONERIES INCLUDING DUTY FREE SHOPS • LOUNGES. • PASSENGER & HAND BAGGAGE SECURITY. • HOLDING LOUNGE. • BOARDING GATES
  • 7.  LANSIDE FORMALITIES - ARRIVAL (DOMESTIC) • ARRIVAL GATES. • PASSENGER TOILETS. • TROLLEY STORAGE. • COLLECTION OF CHECKED IN BAGGAGE. • EXIT • PRE-PAID TAXI, TRAVEL, HOTEL, MONEY EXCHANGE COUNTER ETC. • MEET & GREET – TAKE TRANSPORT TO CITY
  • 8.  LANSIDE FORMALITIES - ARRIVAL (INTERNATIONAL) • ARRIVAL GATES. • PASSENGER TOILETS. • TRANSIT LOUNGES • IMMIGRATION CHECK • ARRIVAL DUTY FREE SHOPS • TROLLEY STORAGE. • COLLECTION OF CHECKED IN BAGGAGE. • CUSTOMS CHECK • EXIT • PRE-PAID TAXI, TRAVEL, HOTEL, MONEY EXCHANGE COUNTERS ETC. • MEET & GREET – TAKE TRANSPORT TO CITY
  • 9.  GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENTS • AIRCRAFT LADDERS. • GROUND POWER UNIT. • TOILET BOWSERS. • FUELING SYSTEMS (Tankers or Hydrants). • PASSENGER BUSES. • CATERING VAN. • AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE VEHICLES.
  • 10.  FIRE STATION • POSITIONING BASED ON MEETING RESPONSE TIME (MAXIMUM 3 MINUTES). • CONTROL ROOM  GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENTS MAINTENANCE SHED AND PARKING AREAS.  FLIGHT KITCHEN.  FUEL FARM.  ISOLATION BAY
  • 11.  HAZARDOUS BAGGAGE DISPOSAL.  QUARANTINE ROOM.  INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES.
  • 12.  AIR SIDE REQUIREMENTS • RUN WAY • TAXIWAY • APRON  AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER. • AERODROME CONTROL • APRON CONTROL • TECHNICAL BLOCK
  • 14. SINDHUDURG AIRPORT Concept Design of Passenger Terminal Building and Air Traffic Control Tower
  • 18. Master Plan – Phase 1(2018) N
  • 19. Master Plan – Phase 1(2018) N
  • 20. Master Plan – Phase 2(2025) N
  • 21. Master Plan – Phase 2(2025) N
  • 22. Master Plan – Beyond 2025 Ultimate expansion of passenger terminal can support air traffic of appx. 3 mppa. N
  • 24. Air Traffic Forecast and Phasing Year Peak Hour Passengers Peak Hour Aircarft Movements 2013 59 2 2014 69 2 2015 108 2 2016 121 3 2017 136 3 2018 190 3 2019 324 4 2020 411 5 2021 535 6 2022 731 9 2023 651 8 2024 848 10 2025 986 11 •The traffic forecast of 2018 shows a peak hour passengers 190. •Since the airport is designed for Code 4D aircraft, minimum 400 peak hour passengers need to be considered. (200 departing and 200arriving passengers) •The peak hour passengers increases 5 times from 2018 to 2025, It is recommended to build a loose fit passnger terminal, which will cater ultimately for the traffic load of 2025. Total Passengers (Annual & Peak)--Strategy-II Time Period 1.23 2013-2017 24% 1.20 2018-2022 19% 1.20 2023 onwards 15% Spillover from Goa (domestic) Additional Traffic generated due to industrial development Tourists from Ratnagiri (domestic) Tourists from Sindhudurg (domestic) Domestic (Total) International Total (domestic + international) Peak Hour (Only Domestic) Terminal Capacity (arrival- domestic) Terminal Capacity (departure- domestic) 2013 - 10,380 - 61,557 71,937 8,340 80,277 59 30 30 2014 - 15,158 - 69,031 84,189 13,748 97,937 69 35 35 2015 - 17,232 - 116,243 133,475 19,809 153,284 108 54 54 2016 - 18,894 - 130,451 149,345 26,869 176,214 121 61 61 2017 - 21,256 - 146,386 167,642 40,820 208,462 136 68 68 2018 - 21,680 55,782 225,215 302,677 56,951 359,628 190 95 95 2019 28,251 23,726 58,013 407,568 517,558 68,667 586,225 324 162 162 2020 102,492 24,618 60,334 470,039 657,483 74,513 731,996 411 206 206 2021 226,227 24,618 62,747 542,154 855,746 80,328 936,074 535 268 268 2022 349,962 24,618 65,257 729,413 1,169,250 86,596 1,255,846 731 366 366 2023 424,203 24,618 67,867 803,020 1,319,708 93,353 1,413,062 651 326 326 2024 622,179 24,618 70,582 1,000,780 1,718,159 100,638 1,818,797 848 424 424 2025 820,155 24,618 73,405 1,080,922 1,999,100 108,491 2,107,591 986 493 493 Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic -2023 Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic Ratio of Average Daily Passengers to Peak Day Ratio of Peak hour to Peak day passenger traffic
  • 25. Passenger Flow Diagram Alight From Aircraft Immigration Control Baggage Claim Custom Check Retail / Passenger Facilities Arrival Hall Traffic Forecourt Departure Arrival Domestic International Departure Concourse Hold Baggage Screening Check-in Emigration Control Security Check Concessions Departure lounge Boarding Gate Aircraft Traffic Forecourt Arrival Duty Free Shops Duty Free Shops
  • 26. Passenger Terminal - Design Program •Level of Service- C is proposed for the design year 2025. •Passengers wil experience higher LOS till 2025. Description Phase 1-2018 Phase 1-2018 1 Check-in Counters 07 Nos. 17 Nos. 2 Security Check Counters 02 Nos. 03 Nos. 3 Emigration Counters 02 Nos 03 Nos. 4 Departure Lounge 260 sqm 625 sqm 5 Boarding Gates 1 No. 2 Nos. 6 Arrival Immigration Check 03 Nos 6 Nos. 7 Baggage Claim Carousels 1 No 2 Nos 8 Custom Counters 1 Nos. 2 Nos. 9 Arrival Hall 200 sqm 450 sqm •Design Calculations based on the peak hour passenger for phase1 (2018) and phase 2 (2025)
  • 27. Site For Passenger Terminal N
  • 28. Design Principles Simplicity Making the terminal building simple will be easier for passenger, it will be more convenient for the users, be cheaper and more efficient to build and operate. In complex buildings like airport terminals it is a major challenge to achieve and maintain simplicity during the design, building and operations phase
  • 29. Flexibility An airport is under constant change. There is general requirement for expansion and modifications in response to changing and often unforeseen demands. Therefore the design must be such that it is easy to change and expand, with minimal disruption to airport operations.
  • 30. ”Loose Fit” The concept of loose fit is closely related to the demand for flexibility. During the design phase of any terminal building there will always be a demand to execute severe cuts in the floor area to save money and stay within the budget. The lesson learned from other airports is that making the building too confined will create a demand for early expansion, resulting in higher costs and operational disruption or having to live with a building not able to cater for changing needs.
  • 31. Make It Convenient, Comfortable, Attractive The terminal planning must make way finding easier. There must be plenty of light, good views, and transparency. A good range of nicely designed shops, cafes, restaurants and bars must be provided together with attractive lounges and other service facilities. The processing of immigration, customs, and security must be effective and courteous.
  • 32. Maximize Revenue Generating Areas There is a very clear and strong international trend that a large proportion of the airport owner’s revenue comes from shops, food and beverage. The traveling public increasingly looks at airports as places to renew their wardrobe, buy the latest in electronic appliances, having a workout session or getting their hair cut. Therefore large areas should be allocated to commercial development, even though they may not be immediately let able.
  • 34. Ground Floor – Zoning Check-in Departure Lounge Baggage Claim Arrival Hall Offices Security
  • 36. Ground Floor – Flow Plan
  • 37. Ground Floor Plan – Phase1 (upto 2018) Check-in Departure Lounge Baggage Claim Arrival Hall Offices Security
  • 43. Location of ATC Tower • ATC tower is strategically located near the geometric centre of the runway to ensure the visibility of runway end and apron. • The height of the eye level will be required at approx 24m from the ATC ground level so that vision line creates an angle larger than 1% with both the runway ends. ATC tower N
  • 44. Site Plan ATC, Technical Building and Admin Security Post Airside Boundary ATC Entry Administration Entry
  • 45. Views
  • 46. Views
  • 48. SKY LIGHTS OVER DEPARTURE HALL AIRPORT VILLAGE SOUTH FAÇADE MAXIMUM GLAZING EAST WEST FAÇADE BLANKED OUT SUSTAINABILITY-PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT • AIRPORT VILLAGE – AIR COOLED • ADDITIONAL NATURAL LIGHT THROUGH SKY LIGHTS • ZERO EFFLUENT INTO THE GROUND • FREE COOLING OF COMFORT ZONES DURING WINTER SILVER RATING BY LEED
  • 49. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT – MASTER PLANNING
  • 50. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA VIEW FROM AIR SIDE
  • 51. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA AERIAL VIEW
  • 52. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA INTERNTIONAL DEPARTURE
  • 53. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA VILLAGE AREA
  • 54. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA INTERNATIONAL CHECK - IN
  • 55. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA BAGGAGE HANDLING
  • 56. HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - INDIA AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER ONE OF THE TALLEST IN THE REGION (65M) INCORPORATES BOTH RUNWAY AND APRON CONTROLS IN TWO LEVELS LOCATION SUITABLE FOR WATCHING THE WHOLE AIRSIDE INCLUDING THE ULTIMATE PHASE