The First and Second Industrial Revolutions

1. INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

2. What do you think?
• What DO you think of when you
hear INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION?
• What machines came out of the
Industrial Revoltuion?
• What changes happened because
of the Industrial Revolution?

3. Why did it begin in Great
Britain?
1.Food supply (more land,
new crops, good weather)
2.Growing population: lots of
workers

4. 3. British had money or
CAPITAL to invest.
4. ENTREPRENEURS:
businessmen who want
new opportunities to make
money.

5. 5. natural resources such
as coal, iron, & water
for power & shipping.
6. Colonies create
markets to sell goods

6. Why the
Industrial
Revolution
began in Great
Britain

7. • What if the British did not
have coal or iron?
• What if the British had no
overseas markets?
• What if the Industrial
Revolution began in another
part of Europe other than
Great Britain?

8. 1. 1765:. James Hargreaves-
invented spinning jenny-
makes 8 thread w/ 1 wheel.
Cotton industry grows!!

9. Other inventions:
2. 1775: James
Watt-
improved
steam engine-
run machines,
faster
transportation

10. 2. Edmund Cartwright- water
powered loom-weaves
cloth, powered by rivers
next to factories

11. COAL & IRON
3. Henry Cort
invents
PUDDLING-
process to
burn away
impurities in
iron to make
hi quality iron

12. 4. 1804: Robert Trevithick
1st
steam locomotive
•Creates new jobs, mkts
& lowers costs of
shipping. Trains go up to
50 mph, build
100s miles
of track

14. 5. Robert Fulton credited w/
Clermont, 1st
steamboat

15. • INDUSTRIAL
CAPITALISM- an
eco system based
on industrial
production & new
classes developed
as a result

16. •Factories built.
•Owners have
shifts to run
machines
constantly.
•Employees,
repeat the same
task.
• Fined & beaten for
being late

18. • Many workers had
been farmers &
many were
women or kids
(young as 5) who
worked 12-16 hr
days, for little
pay, no school

30. New SOCIAL CLASSES
Develop
1. Middle Class
were managers,
store owners,
market
planners
2. Industrial
Working Class-
factory
workers.

31. Sum it up!!! Factory Life:
1. Worked 12- 16 hr days, 6
days a week
2. Dangerous, loud & dirty
conditions
3. Little pay

33. Sum it up! Society
changed
• Most factory laborers were
farmers ( 2/3 were women &
kids)
• Many moved to the cities
• Working class & middle class
developed

34. • Sum it up! Women:
• Women paid ½ & were 50% of
factory laborers.
• Many also work out of home
(called a COTTAGE INDUSTRY)
doing cleaning, laundry,
sewing etc

36. 1. What if labor laws had been
introduced earlier? How would things in
the factory be different? Explain!!
2. What if NO child labor laws were ever
introduced? How would your life be
different right now?

37. NORTH AMERICA
Don’t write:
Btw 1800-1860 pop grew!
•canals & RRs link US
• 50% of people live on farms
in US, but many moving to
the North to work
in cities

38. How did population change?
*Less wars & diseases, &
better food led to growth.
* Pop doubles in Europe.
(266 mil)
*people move to city to work
in factories
(urbanization
or city growth)

39. Factor 1750 1900
Population 7 million 37 million
People living in towns 13% 87%
Life expectancy Men Women
31 35
Men Women
45 48
Deaths at birth Deaths at Babies
birth lived
65% 35%
Deaths at Babies
birth lived
15% 85%
1.Why did life expectancy increase from 1750?
2. Explain why the number of people living in towns
increased between 1750-1900?
3. What factors do you think led to population growth
during this time? Why?

41. •Poor city living conditions
•Apartments cheaply built,
crowded, dirty, & fires
spread easily
•Rats & trash
spread disease
•sewage & poor
sanitation

50. •Conditions worsen &
socialism grows (idea
govt should take control
of means of production)
& trade unions dev to
fight to raise
wages,
& improve
conditions

52. REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

53. CONGRESS OF VIENNA

54. •GB, AUS, PRU,
RUS meet Sept
1814 for peace
settlement at
CONGRESS OF
VIENNA
•Led by Klemens
Von
Metternich,
Austrian Prime
Minister

55. •Principle of Legitimacy-
restore monarchies to
power
•Divide territories so that
so no one too strong
•GB, Rus, Pru Aus, Fr
meet often to keep
peace

56. •adopt PRINCIPLE of
INTERVENTION- right to
send in armies if rev
occurs (Br refused)

58. New Ideas:
• LIBRALISM-idea people
should be free from govt
restraint (freedom of
speech, separation
of church &
state, want a
constitutional
monarchy)

59. •NATIONALISM- a unique
cultural identity of a people
based on a common
language, religion, history.
Often leads people to want
own nation. Starts
revolutions, upsets balance
of power

60. • GERMANY was 38 states (German
Confederation)
• Rulers promise new constitutions
& meet as Frankfort assembly to
write one. Draft it, but can’t
enforce.
• ITALY: 9 states, some owned by
Austria.
• Revolts break out to create unified
Italy w/ liberal constitutions, but
Austrians stop it.

61. SECOND INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

62. •DON’T WRITE!!!
•2nd Industrial Revolution
lasted from 1870s into
1900s.
•1st
Ind Rev focused on cloth
railroads, iron & coal.

63. 2nd
Ind rev focused on:
1. Iron replaced by
steel- light & strong!
2. electricity-
heat & light,
factories could
run 24 hrs
3. chemicals &
oil

64. NEW INVENTIONS
1.telephone - Alexander Graham
Bell & Radio- Guglielmo Marconi
3. Plane- Wright brothers
4. Internal combustion engine-
Gottlieb Daimler
5. Skyscraper, elevator by Elisha
Otis & suspension bridge
by Roebling

78. OTHER CHANGES
•Wages
increased
& prices
drop due to
cheaper
transporta-
tion &
factories

79. • Italy, Aus-Hungary, SP,
Port & Rus still
agricultural, not industrial.

80. • How do you think society
will be impacted by the 2nd
Industrial Revolution?
• What changes will happen?
• What will be more
valuable, people or
machines? Explain!

81. *New Elite top 5% of pop
own 30-40% of wealth
•Middle Class- Drs, lawyers,
civil servants
•Lower-middle class-
shopkeepers
•Lower class- sales people,
secretaries.
• Working class- 80% of
pop (servants, farmers)

82. GROCERY STORE early
1900s

86. 1. Women- new jobs open up.
Create jobs as clerks,
secretaries, typists
2. Women work until
marriage in working class
families.
3. Feminism grows.
4. Can divorce, own
property, go to college

89. FUN!!!!
•People had time & $$$$ for
leisure
•Pro sports (Reds 1869)
•Amusement parks & dance
halls open

91. CONEY ISLAND’S 1st
COASTER

92. CONEY ISLAND RIDES

93. CONEY
ISLAND
RIDES

103. •State financed schools
set up for boys & girls to:
•train labor for factories
•Increase literacy
•Create
patriotism

104. • Describe how life changed from the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution to
the end?
• How did the set up of society change?
• How did these new inventions lead to
extra tome for leisure and fun? How is a
place like Cedar Point a result of the
IND REV?
• Are we in a another “Ind Rev” today?
Why or why not?

105. • http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revo