simple process

1. KENAF FIBER
Muhammad Hamza
2016-Ag-7399
5th Semester
B.Sc. Textile Technology

2. KENAF FIBER
 Raw kenaf fiber obtained from outer bark.
 Kenaf fiber contains approximately 65.7%
 cellulose, 21.6% lignin and pectin, and other composition. Lignin must be extracted
to separate the fibers
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

3. SEPARATION OF KENAF FIBER
 There are two methods to separate the kenaf fibers.
 Mechanical method
 Chemical method
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

4. MECHANICAL METHOD
 Rando Cleaner is used to separate the kenaf fiber mechanically
 a roller-type cleaner equipped with fine saw-tooth wires.
 It consist of six-cylinder incline cleaner with 1.27cm space between grid bars and the
degree of incline may be different, for example, 30° or 45.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

5. CHEMICAL METHOD
 Sulphuric acid is most commonly used in chemical retting to produce bast fibers,
though other chemical reagents such as nitric acid can also be used.
 Solutions of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide are also typically used as
catalysts .
 In this technique, the plant stems are immersed in the chemical over a specific time
period (typically 1 -8 hours) using a ratio of 1 kg of plant to 10 L of water. ...
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

6. SOFTENING
 The kenaf fibers are still too stiff to spun after retting.
 The fibers are treated with
0.3% HCl for 30 minutes, washing, and then boiling in 1% NaOH for 1 hour.
 The fibers are then treated with
1% acetic acid and washed thoroughly in warm water and dried
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

7. SPINNING OF KENAF FIBERS
 The procedure for yarns spinning includes several steps.
 The most common processes are opening, carding, drawing and spinning.
 opening: in this process fibers are opened and heavy trash ( such as leaves, seed )is
removed.
 Carding : Carding machines are the most important equipment to form fibrous web.
The output of card is sliver. In carding 99.5% trash is removed.
 drawing and spinning : in this process the sliver is reduced to yarn by drafting and
twisting the fibers .
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

8. MERCERIZATION
 Mercerization is the treatment of fabrics or yarns, with an alkali (sodium hydroxide
or liquid ammonia) to increase luster.
 The alkali causes the fiber walls to swell and thus increasing in strength,
luster, and absorbency. Mercerization also enhances dyeability of cellulosic fibers.
 This process may be applied at the yarn or fabric stage.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

9. 3 REASONS KENAF IS A GREAT FABRIC FOR SUSTAINABLE FASHION
1-Local
Kenaf can be grown in many places all over the world, including throughout the United States,.
2-Eco-Friendly
it needs very little water and almost no pesticides or fertilizer. It is biodegradable as well, and it
absorbs more CO2
3-High Quality
Kenaf fibers have a long staple, meaning very fine and strong yarn can be spun.
Kenaf textiles are also naturally very absorbent, and even fire-retardant, making it especially
ideal for outerwear or shoes.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

10. USES OF KENAF FIBERS
 There are many uses of kenaf fibers.
 The main uses of kenaf fibers are rope, coarse cloth and paper formation.
 packing material; and material that absorbs oil and liquids.
 plastic composites
 Kenaf can be made into various types of environmental mats, such as seeded grass
mats.
 Ford and BMW are making the material for the automobile bodies in part from kenaf.
 Kenaf seed oil : The kenaf seed oil is also used for cosmetics,, edible vegetable oil
industrial lubricants and for biofuel production.UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

11. KENAF PRODUCTS:
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12. REFERENCES
 [1] Cook, J.G. 1960. Handbook of Textile Fibers, Merrow Publishing, Watford, UK, p.20.

 [2] United States Department of Agriculture, Economic and Research Service, Washington, DC. 1993. Industrial uses of agricultural
materials, situation and outlook report. [3] Calamari, T. A., Tao, W., and Goynes, W. R. 1997. A Preliminary Study of Kenaf Fiber
Bundles and Their Composite Cells. Tappi Journal, 80 (8), 149-154.
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 [4] Moreau, J. P., Bel-Berger, P., Tao, W. 1995. Mechanical Processing of Kenaf for Nonwovens. Tappi Journal, 78 (2), 96-105.
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 [5] Ramaswamy, G.N., Boyd, C.R., Bel-Burger, P. and Kimmel, L.1995. Kenaf/Cotton Blend for Textiles. Family and Consumer
Sciences Research Journal, 24 (2), 180190.

 [6] Ramaswamy, G. N., Ruff, C. G., and Boyd, C. R. 1995. Kenaf/Cotton blends for textiles
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF

13. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF