Indian adventure tourism guidelines oct 2017

Indian Adventure
2017
Version:2

Dear Adventurer,
This document exemplifies teamwork in the Indian adventure
tourism fraternity. We are grateful to the entire Adventure Operators
Association of India (ATOAI) team that burnt the midnight oil to
produce the Indian Adventure Tourism Standards that will serve
as a ‘guiding light’ for the adventure tourism industry in India for
years to come. In 2012, ATOAI had conducted a 4 Pillar workshop,
which had laid a strong foundation for Indian Adventure Tourism
Standards. The four pillars emphasised included Safety, Sustainability,
Ethics and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
With adventure travel experience in over 40 countries spread over
seven continents, we firmly believe that India has the potential of
becoming a major global hub for adventure tourism. We have every
conceivable geographical terrain, are a global bio-diversity hotspot,
have 73 percent of a culturally diverse Himalayan range in India, rich
fauna, flora and avifauna ...... We could go on and on..... Given our
huge potential, adventure and sustainable tourism could easily double
our inbound tourism figures, that is presently put at 8 million tourists
(UNWTO).
To my mind, there are three Gs that are critical when it comes to
risk management: risk mitigation and management viz Guidelines,
Guides and Gear. We have tried to address all three aspects in the
INDIAN ADVENTURE TOURISM STANDARDS.
We have to ensure that we follow the standards and also spread the
message that these guidelines should be considered as gospel.
The wilderness areas where we operate our trips are sacred places
for us. Let us worship these places, protect them, tread lightly and
work as honorary wardens of our ‘great outdoors’.
Wishing you happy and safe adventures.....
Ajeet Bajaj
Padmashri Awardee
Co Founder / Sr. Vice President
Adventure Tour Operators Association of India
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Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the Adventure Tour
Operators Association of India, it
gives me immense pleasure to present
to you the revised document on
Basic Minimum Standards – Indian
Adventure Tourism Standards,
which covers eighteen activities
which are land based, seven
activities which are air based and six
activities which are water based.
This elaborate and essential document has been prepared by a
team headed by our Co-Founder/ Sr Vice President, Mr Ajeet
Bajaj, a veteran in adventure tourism, who was assisted by a team
of experts in each field of adventure. Our Association is grateful
to Ajeet and his team who have done a lot of research and spent a
lot of time and energy to prepare the document.
We do sincerely hope that the document will be accepted by the
Central and all State governments so that the Minimum Basic
Standards are set which will contribute to the growth of the
adventure tourism industry in India. I do hope that the adventure
tourism community will take advantage of this and will ensure that
they follow these guidelines in letter and spirit.
With adventure greetings,
Capt. Swadesh Kumar
President
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Dear Adventure Community,
It is an honor and a privilege for me to be associated with Version 2 of the Indian Adventure
Tourism Guidelines which Ajeet Bajaj and all experts mentioned herein have done a fantastic job in
putting together.
In your hand now this Version 2, is greatly enhanced and enriched. Adventurers, Tour Operators
and regulatory bodies will undoubtedly find this document to be a very valuable resource. We
should endeavor to keep abreast of new developments and keep upgrading this document
periodically.
Wishing you many happy Adventures!
Wg Cdr Amit Chowdhury, VSM, MAeSI (Retd)
President Safety Commission, UIAA
Vice President Indian Mountaineering Foundation
Recipient of Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award
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Index
Land based
All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Tours 05
Bungee Jumping 10
Cycling Tours 13
Camel Safaris 23
Horse Safaris 27
Jeep Safaris 31
Motorcycle Tours 35
Mountaineering 40
Nature Walks / Bird Watching 44
Rock climbing, Artificial Wall 49
Climbing & Abseiling
Personal Light Electric 55
Vehicle (PLEV/Segway) Tours
Skiing/Snowboarding 61
Trekking 67
Wildlife Safaris 72
Zip Wires & High 78
Ropes Courses
Design by: M. Faisal - 9873463737
AIR BASED
Hot Air Ballooning 85
Paragliding / Hang Gliding 92
Para Motoring 96
Parasailing 99
Skydiving 102
Air Safaris 107
Kiteboarding 110
water based
Kayaking / Sea Kayaking 115
Rafting 120
River Cruising 124
Scuba Diving 127
Snorkeling 133
Water Sports Centres 137
Essentials 141
Acknowledgements 2017 162

Ms. Deepika Chowdhry
Wg. Cdr. Amit Chowdhury
Vice President,
Indian Mountaineering Foundation
Col. J.S. Dhillon
Principal, Indian Institute of
Skiing and Mountaineering
Capt. Satish Pathania
Mr. Ravi Kumar
Programme Director, NOLS India
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji
Mr. Vaibhav Kala
Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj
Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa
Col. Manoj Kumar
Ms. Gauri Jayaram
Kr. Siddharth Singh
Col. Manoj Keshwar
Mr. Shekhar Babu
Mr. Amit Sharma
Mr. Akshay Kumar
Mr. Mohan Tickoo
Mr. Madhu Sudan G
Mr. Samit Garg
Mr. Jehan Driver
Mr. Sanjay Basu
Ms. Avanti Malsute
Mr. Prateek Gupta
Mr. Vinay Sirsi
Mr. Arvind Bhardwaj
Brig. S.P. Singh
Mr. Jitendra Singh Rathore
Mr. Naveet Bali
Mr. Paul Mc Pherson
Mr. Rudra Bhanu Solanki
Mr. Alistair Scott
Col. Gary Bajwa
Ms. Shirly T. Bajaj
Ms. Aanchal Rathi
Mr. Shishir Parab
Ms. Sheena Theofin
Ms. Neetu Goel
Ajeet Bajaj
Co Founder / Sr. Vice President
Adventure Tour Operators Association of India
On behalf of ATOAI, I would like to acknowledge and thank the
following for their tremendous support in drafting these guidelines:-
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We would like to acknowledge the tremendous work put in by the entire committee specially
Mr Tejbir Singh Anand, President ATOAI and Wg Cdr Amit Chowdhury, Secretary, Indian
Mountaineering Foundation for the safety pillar.
We also take this opportunity to thank Capt. Swadesh Kumar, Founder President, ATOAI, Mr.
D. Venkatesan, Asst. Director General, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India; Col. H. S. Chauhan,
President, IMF and Mr. Ravi Singh, CEO, WWF India.
We would also like to thank Mr. Ravi Kumar, Mr. Subhash Nehria, Mr. V. V. Lamaye, Mr.
Jean Luc Jubert, Mr. Strum Rodolphe, Mr. Raj Basu, Mr. Krishan Singh, Mr. Sandeep Kumar, Mr.
Sidhartha Pradhan, Mr. Mandip Singh Soin, Mr. Ravi Singh Kalra, Ms. Shubhrata, Mr. Akshay
Kumar, Mr. Mohan Tickoo, Mr. Bharat Agarwal, Mr. Amit Sankhala, Mr. Samit Garg, Mr. Jatin
Tulsiani, Capt. Satish Pathania, Ms. Johanna Buss, Mr. Vinayak Koul, Mrs. Rani Puri, Mr. Jonathan
Walter, Mr. Richard, Ms. Mansi, Mr. Rashid Gosain, Inspector Nandan Singh, Mr. Vimlesh, Mr.
Maninder Kohli, Ms. Radhika Rana, Mr. Sunny Wattal for their valuable contribution.
We also acknowledge the presence of Mr. Subhash Verma, President ADTOI and Mr. P. P.
Khanna, Vice President, ADTOI at the workshop.
Ajeet Bajaj
Co Founder / Past President
Chairperson, 4 Pillar Workshop
Adventure Tour Operators Association Of India
Acknowledgements for the 4 pillar workshop held on April 20, 2012.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2017
Land based Activities
All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)
Col. Manoj Keshwar
Bungee Jumping
Brig. S P Singh
Bicycling
Ms. Gauri Jayaram / Mr. Mohan Tickoo
Mountain Biking
Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Camel Safaris
Mr. Jitender Singh Rathore /
Mr Anirudh Chaoji
Horse Safaris
Kr. Siddharth Singh
Jeep Safaris
Kr. Siddharth Rohet / Mr. Anirudh Chaoji
Motor Cycling Expeditions
Col. Manoj Keshwar
Mountaineering
Mr. Shekhar Babu
Nature Walks/Bird Watching
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji
Rock Climbing Artificial Wall
Climbing And Abseiling
Mr. Amit Sharma
Segway Tours
Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Skiing/Snowboarding
Mr. Akshay Kumar / Col. J.S. Dhillon
Trekking
Mr. Mohan Tickoo
Wildlife Safaris
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji
Zip Wires & High Ropes Course
Mr. Alastair Scott / Mr. Madhusudan
Air Based Activities
Hot Air Ballooning
Mr. Samit Garg / Mr Naveet Bali /
Mr Paul McPherson
Paragliding
Paramotoring
Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa / Mr. Satish Pathania
Parasailing
Skydiving
Mr. Rudra Bhanu Solanki /
Wg. Cdr. Amit Chowdhury
Air Safaris
CAPT Satish Pathania
Kite Surfing
Mr. Jehan Driver

Water Based Activities

Kayaking & Sea Kayaking
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj / Mr. Vaibhav Kala /
Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Rafting
Mr. Arvind Bharadwaj / Mr. Vaibhav Kala /
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj
River Cruising
Mr. Sanjay Basu
Scuba Diving
Ms. Avanti Malsute
Snorkeling
Ms. Avanti Malsute
Water Sports
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj

Essentials
Sustainable Operations
Insurance
Mr. Prateek Gupta
Liability and negligence template
Mr. Vaibhav Kala
Risk assessment template
Mr. Vaibhav Kala
FA/CPR
Mr. Vinay Sirsi
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Land
based
GUIDELINES
FOR
ALL TERRAIN
VEHICLE
(ATV) TOURS
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GUIDELINES FOR ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE (ATV) TOURS
5.1 Adapted from guidelines available on the
websites of the European ATV Safety Institute
and All-Terrain Vehicle Safety Institute (USA)
Introduction
5.2 ATVs (also known as quad bikes), when
operated properly, can be exciting and safe.
However, their incorrect use can lead to serious
injuries. Though ATVs are very similar to cars
& motorcycles, their operation is very different.
ATV operation requires a different level of
instruction and training. These minimum
standards have been outlined to promote safe
practices among operators of ATV tours.
Guides
5.3 Guides supervising participants on ATVs
should either have attended a drivers' training
course approved by international ATV institutes
such as the European ATV Safety Institute
[EISA] or the All-Terrain Vehicle Safety
Institute [ASI] or should have completed an
in-house training programme which focusses on
the following topics:-
a) An introduction to the ATV machine,
protective clothing, equipment and pre-ride
inspections
b) Range signals, rules and warm up
exercises
c) Controls and starting the engine
d) Starting out, shifting gears and braking
e) Turning
f) Riding strategies / risk awareness
g) Riding circles and figures of eight
h) Quicker turns
i) Sharp turns
j) Quick stops and swerves
k) Quick stop in a turn
l) Riding over obstacles
m) Safe and responsible driving practices
n) U-turns and traversing hills
o) Circuit or Trail rides
5.4 In addition, all guides must be familiar with
(and assessed on) the operating manual(s) of
the ATV(s) which they operate.
CUSTOMER TRAINING
5.5 ATV operators should always follow
the instruction in their Owner’s Manual for
recommended operating techniques. All
participants of an ATV tour must receive
a basic training course before their tour
commences. The basic minimum training
course should cover the following:
a) To mount and sit on the ATV correctly,
locate and operate the controls, and
dismount
b) To use the brakes properly to bring ATV
to a smooth, safe stop
c) To demonstrate basic turning skills by
shifting weight properly to maintain balance
and avoid the possibility of losing control
of ATV
d) It is very important that all participants
pay attention to the instructions provided by
their guides.
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Equipment
5.6 ATV Machine: ATVs are subject to
considerable wear and tear owing to the nature
of their use outdoors. Therefore, only use an
ATV from a reputable manufacturer and ensure
maintenance is undertaken as per operating
manual instructions.
5.7 Helmet: The single most important piece
of protective gear riders must wear is a helmet,
which can help prevent serious head injuries.
Wearing an approved motorcycle helmet does
not reduce essential vision and hearing. Use
either a full face or three-quarter (open-face)
helmet. Helmets must be properly fitted to the
participant – it should be snug, comfortable and
securely fastened.
5.8 Face shield or goggles: If the ATV
tour is in a jungle or in areas with dense foliage,
a face shield or goggles should be used to
prevent eye injuries.
5.9 Gloves: Gloves should be of a quality
that will help prevent your hands from getting
sore, tired or cold, as well as offering protection
in the event of a spill/fall. Off-road style
gloves, available at leading motorcycle and ATV
dealerships, provide the best combination of
protection and comfort. They are padded over
the knuckles for added protection.
5.10 Footwear: The minimum protective
footwear is a pair of ankle-length shoes or
boots with low heels to help prevent feet from
slipping off the footrests.
5.11 Clothing: It is important to protect
your skin from scratches. A long sleeved jersey/
sweater, shirt or T-shirt and long trousers are
requirements for rider protection.
5.12 Spares & First Aid: It is recommended
that guides carry an appropriate first aid kit and
tool kit during an ATV tour. Examine the tool
kit that came with your machine.
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Inspections & Maintenance
Procedures
5.13 Before commencing each trip, Guides
must carry out an inspection of any ATV to
be used by themselves of their customers,
before each ride. An inspection will minimise
the chance of injury or malfunction, ensure
long-term usage of your ATV. The ASI uses the
following basic T-CLOC checklist:
(T-CLOC stands for Tyres and Wheels,
Controls and Cables, Lights and Electrics, Oil
and Fuel, Chain/Drive Shaft and Chassis)
SOPs & Operating Instructions
5.14 The following rules should apply to all
participants and guides during an ATV tour:
a) All participants must wear a helmet and
other protective equipment
b) Always keep both hands on the
handlebars and both feet on the footrests of
ATV during operation
c) Avoid paved surfaces – ATVs are
designed to be operated off paved roads
d) Avoid public roads unless the machine
has been specifically manufactured for this
purpose and complies with the relevant
automotive licensing requirements for road
use
e) Never allow riding under the influence of
alcohol or drugs
f) Never carry a passenger unless the
machine has been specifically designed and
manufactured to do so
g) Ride only on designated trails and at a
safe speed as mandated by the manufacturer
of the machine
5.15 Special arrangements for
Children
a) Children under the age of 18 require
parental consent to ride ATV and adult
supervision.
b) ATVs are NOT toys and children aged
below 18 years should only ride the right
ATV for their age
c) Always follow the manufacturer's
minimum age recommendations which will
be shown on the ATV or in the Operating
Manual
Documentation
5.16 The following is the basis minimum
documentation required.
a) ATV and associated equipment purchase
documentation, including warranty, service
& maintenance history documentation
b) Owner's / Operating Manual for each
ATV
c) Training and assessment log for all guides
d) First aid certificates for all guides
Risk Mitigation
5.17 A basic risk assessment should be
conducted on any trail intended for the use of
ATV tours before participants are permitted to
use such a route.
5.18 An Emergency Action Plan must be in
position and regular training imparted to the
staff for the same.
Emergencies and rescues
5.19 A first aid kit must be available and the
venue/route itself must be easily accessible. In
addition, a detailed emergency procedure must
be written that includes contact numbers of
the available emergency services. Evacuation
routes and emergency procedures must also be
included in the company's risk assessment.
Safety Briefing
5.20 A pre ride safety briefing covering all
aspects of risks and action to be taken both by
conducting staff and the participants should be
covered in details, some aspects are highlighted
below.
a) Rules and speed limits
b) Wearing of protective gear.
c) ATV controls, operation and pre ride
checks
d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.
e) Group riding procedure to include lane
position, following other vehicle, head lights,
signals and parking.
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f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any
special riding conditions.
g) Indemnity bond by participant.
h) Avoiding alcohol prior to / during the
ride.
i) Staying hydrated and rest stops.
Medical Concerns
5.21 These are of two types : personal and
accident related during the ride. For personal
medical conditions clients should be advised to
carry medication and inform the ride leader. For
accident related concerns, the ride leader should
have a plan in addition to a First Aid Kit.
Basic Minimum Standards for
Grant of Recognition to ATV
Operators
1) The agency must own ATVs and all
accessories and safety gear as specified
above. The ATVs must be well maintained,
serviced and in perfect working order with
the required documentation.
2) The agency must have at least two full
time trained ATV guides duly qualified
(specified above) / knowledgeable about
conducting ATV activity safely, group
dynamics, rules, communication skills and
repairs / punctures etc. They must possess
valid First Aid / CPR certification.
3) The operator must have SOPs for
conducting ATV trips and an Emergency
Action Plan for all trips.
4) A detailed risk assessment must be carried
out prior to conducting ATV trips.
5) A list of hospitals in the vicinity of the
tour should be carried by the ATV guides.
6) A detailed SOP for inspecting ATVs,
documentation and safety gear prior to
conducting trips must be in position.
7) The agency must have a registered office.
8) The agency must be registered with the
local tourism authorities.
9) The company must follow a strict 'leave
no trace' policy and conform to high
sustainability standards.
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
BUNGEE JUMPING
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GUIDELINES FOR BUNGEE JUMPING
Regular maintenance of the equipment being used
must be done and recorded.
SOPs and Operating instruction
5. Since there are no Indian standards, it is
recommended that operations are carried out as
per Australian and New Zealand standards. No
Dilution in these standards is acceptable.The site
should have SOPs for operations and rescue drills.
The age limit for bungy jumping is 12 - 45 years.
Minimum weight allowed for a jump is 40 kgs and
maximum weight allowed is 110 kgs.
Documentations
6. The following documents are required to be
maintained at the site.
a) Record of equipment
b) Safety log
c) Maintenance log
d) Record of rubber
e) Jump log
f) Incident folders
g) Medical Record
h) First Aid Kit Record
i) Insurance Record
j) Staff training record
k) Dossier of Jumpmaster
Risk Mitigation
7. The following measures will reduce the risk
factor.
a) Every Jump should be treated as a first Jump
b) A highly experienced person should be
appointed as the jump master.
Introduction
1. Bungy Jump is a land based extreme
adventure sports activity in which the jumper is
made to jump from a height with a rubber cord
tied to his ankle. It is an extremely dangerous
activity if proper precautions are not taken and
safety procedures are not followed. However
once the safety procedures are followed and
jump platform is constructed according to
safety guidelines this activity is very safe and
chances of accidents are greatly reduced.
Guides/Instructors
2. The jump staff particularly the jump masters
should be properly trained and have vast
experience in this activity. They should possess
a calm and mature attitude and have an eye for
detail/errors. They require a very high level
of physical fitness, self discipline, excellent
communication and risk management skills and
also the motivation to perform these activities.
Equipment
3. The equipment used for bungy jump
should be certified and procured from reputed
companies. The storage and maintenance of the
equipment has to be proper. Regular inspection
of the equipment should be carried out and
record should be maintained. No unauthorized
person should have access to the equipment.
All the discarded equipment should be removed
from the site and destroyed.
Rubber has to be procured from a reputed
and recognized source. It’s shelf life should be
recorded. The rubber has to be stored in a cool
dark place and saved from UV rays. Regular
inspection should be carried out. Bungee
cords should be made by the jump masters
and certified. The record of jumps must be
maintained.
Inspection and Maintenance
Procedures
4. The inspection should be done as per
the Safety Manual. Daily, weekly and yearly
inspection should be carried out and recorded.
The record of all inspections should be entered
in the safety log to be maintained at the site.
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c) Jump master’s word should be final and
binding.
d) Continuous training of the staff
e) Regular testing of the staff
f) Regular practice of rescue drill
g) Inspection and updating of the equipment
h) Recording of the jumps
j) All incidents to be reported, discussed and
recorded.
k) Updating of safety procedures
l) Motivation and welfare of the staff.
Emergencies and Rescues
8. The staff should be fully prepared to deal
with the emergencies and carry out rescue as
per the SOP without looking for orders and in
minimum time frame. The following will help in
mitigating risk :
a) Awareness of risks
b) Training in rescues
c) First Aid/CPR & other medical training
of the staff
d) An Emergency Action Plan should be in
position and training for the same provided
periodically to the staff.
e) Doctor on call
f) Rescue evacuation to be worked out
g) Tie up with local hospital
h) Procedure for reporting of incidents
j) Insurance of the jumpers and staff
k) Funds ear marked and available for
medical cover.
l) Regular briefing of the staff.
Safety Briefing
9. Audio Visual detailed safety briefing should
be given to all jumpers on arrival. Disclaimer
form should be signed by the jumpers. Safety
briefing should be repeated before the activity.
The safety measures should be displayed at a
number of places prominently.
Medical concern
10. The Medical restrictions should be displayed
prominently. Fitness Certificate to be signed
by the jumpers. No compromise to be made
in case of any medical problem. Medical
restrictions for bungy jumping include: 1. Heart
problem 2. High blood pressure 3. Neurological
disorder 4. Spondylitis 5. Back issues 6. Recent
fracture, surgery or hospitalisation 7. Epilepsy
8. Osteoporosis 9. Pregnancy.
BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION TO
BUNGY OPERATORS:
Since there are no Indian standards, it is
recommended that operations are carried
out as per New Zealand standards (AS/NZS
5848:2000). This Standard specifies and gives
guidance on the site and site approval, the
design, testing and approval of equipment, the
management of the operation, the operating
procedures, the emergency provisions and
procedures and registration of operating staff
of a bungy jumping operation. No Dilution in
these standards is acceptable
It is highly recommended that any outfit,
entity, establishment or company seeking grant
for recognition must fulfill these desirable
criteria:
a) The entity must own specialized certified
equipment commensurate with needs of
undertaking and running such an operation
(listed above).
b) The entity must have qualified personnel
(minimum two full time qualified jump
masters) on their payroll (listed above).
These personnel must carry the requisite
experience in the activity and have valid First
Aid & CPR certification.
c) The entity must operate with the required
permits / licenses.
d) It is recommended that the entity is
registered with the state tourism department
/ recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
Govt of India.
e) The entity must have a registered office.
f) The company must follow a strict 'leave
GUIDELINES FOR BUNGEE JUMPING
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
CYCLING TOURS
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GUIDELINES FOR CYCLING TOURS
Introduction
Bicycling tours in India have been managed
by privately owned companies and do not fall
under the purview of any government or any
community-instituted central body. The Cycling
Federation of India organizes races and tours
for licensed elite athletes for prize money. Any
tours where amateur athletes/ holidaymakers
are entering into a commercial contract with a
touring experience provider do not require any
permissions from any sport related bodies.
Adventure Guides/ Instructors:
Basic minimum qualifications
and experience
While there are no technical criteria of
qualifications required, these are experiences
that will help a tour leader ensure a successful
trip:
a) Experience of being in the saddle and
riding the distance covered per day. This will
ensure that they are alert and not fighting
their own fatigue. In a staged tour that lasts
multiple days, the guests will experience
cumulative fatigue; the tour leader cannot
be in the same position. They need to have
spent time cycling, so they do not experience
saddle soreness and are able to help their
charges and ensure a good experience for
them
b) Knowledge of the terrain being
traversed, potential hazards of that area,
typical weather conditions, in addition to
knowledge of Hindi, English and or local
language are required.
c) The knowledge to assess which customer
needs what size of helmet and how to
tighten or loosen the various straps to
ensure a snug fit on their heads.
d) First-aid and CPR certification.
e) Basic knowledge of bike maintenance
while on tour and fixing issues such as
punctures, gears not working well and other
such minor repairs.
f) Owning a government authorized identity
card and keeping it with them for the
duration of the tour.
Training
No specific training is required to be a cycling
tour operator in India. However, it is helpful
if the organizers meet the basic qualifications
listed above. It will go a long way towards
ensuring the safety and well-being of your
clients and your own confidence in your
operation.
Equipment required
Tour operators usually give their clients the
option of bringing their own bicycles or
providing bicycles to them.
a) In the former case, the minimum
materials needed would be spares (tyres,
tubes, tyre levers, patch kits, brake and gear
cables and their housing, chains, chain links,
lubricants, floor pump with presta and
shredder valves, multi tool or allen keys,
small screw drivers, duct tape and zip ties.
b) In the latter case, in addition to
the above, add bicycle specific spare
components such as brake shoes, drivetrain
components, spokes, spoke wrench, etc.
c) Bikes should be delivered to the clients
fully built and ready to ride after individual
saddle height adjustments.
Cycling Grades
It is important to categorise the biking / road
cycling itinerary with proper grades so that the
clients can chose their trip as per their level of
fitness and preparedness:
Grade 1: Easy - For those new to cycling
or who don’t have a high level of fitness. Easy
combination of flatter or gently undulating
routes. For riders seeking a very relaxed holiday.
Beginners: 20-40 miles / 30-60 kms. per day.
Grade 2: Gentle - On undulating or rolling
terrain, occasional moderate / challenging
climbs. No high altitude ascents & the odd
short steep climbs. For semi-regular riders /
relative novices wishing to gain experience &
fitness. 40-50 miles / 60-80 kms per day.
Grade 3: Moderate - For riders with
experience, good fitness & a decent level of
skill. Some features that may be experienced
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more frequently in a higher-grade tour. Most
days include a couple of significant climbs.
Some long days & some steep to very steep
sections. Not for beginners. 45-60 miles / 70-95
kms per day.
Grade 4: Challenging - For cyclists
with stamina & a good level of fitness. Long
& challenging days with multiple tough or
high altitude ascents, with steep sections over
extended distances. Long & often technically
demanding descents. Road riding for
experienced riders. 45-95 miles / 80-160 kms
per day.
Grade 5: Demanding - Designed for
cyclists with good stamina and a high level of
fitness. Consecutively long, challenging days
with multiple serious or high altitude ascents.
Frequent steep or very steep stages occasionally
over extended distances. Includes long and
often technically demanding descents. Serious
road riding for experienced riders only. 60-100
miles / 95-160kms per day.
Equipment care and
maintenance
Maintaining the bicycles is critical to ensure
every group of customers has a good
experience. To do so, here are components of
the trip that need care:
Bicycles
a) Ensure the bicycles are given care after
every trip. This would include
i) Cleaning the bicycle
ii) Lubricating the chain
iii) Drivetrain service
iv) Check chain health
v) Check brake and gear cable tension
b) Get a complete strip down service done
with a trusted bicycle shop, for each bicycle
every 1000 kms. You should get from them,
a list of jobs carried out per cycle, parts
replaced and have a sense of how long each
of the parts are likely to last.
c) If the bicycles have been through a
tough rocky terrain or a muddy region,
inspection for damage and/ or sending
them for inspection to a bicycle shop is
recommended.
Helmets
a) Cycling helmets by respectable brands,
stocked for all sizes from extra small (XS) to
extra large (XL).
b) It is mandatory to use helmets on all rides
and at all times.
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Lights
a) Head lights: Head lights that are powerful
enough to see the road at night/ in foggy or
rainy conditions. Typically, headlights with
mounts, that can be removed easily when the
bikes are being left by themselves.
b) Taillamps: Taillamps that are powerful
enough to be visible and provide the option
of rapid blinking, so they are more visible to
oncoming motor vehicles.
c) Spare batteries for each of the lights.
Material carrying equipment &
safety equipment
a) Panniers and racks for luggage.
b) Bungee cords to tie additional material to
the bike rack.
c) Cable locks to lock the rear tyre, possibly
the front tyre, the frame of the bicycle to a
pole, a gate or a similar construction.
Inspection & Maintenance
Procedures
Listed above
SOPs:
a) Inspect gears 1-2 days before travel.
b) Check weather conditions.
c) Reach out to all service providers en route
and get confirmations, if possible on email,
of the terms of agreement with them.
d) Check cash, cheque and card usage en
route and ensure there are sufficient funds.
Operating instructions:
Instructions for tour leaders to customers:
a) Give all customers a safety briefing at
the start of the tour, such as not riding
more than two abreast, right of way to
larger vehicles, hand signals and following
instructions of the tour leader.
b) Explain to them how the bicycle gears
function.
c) Get them used to riding on seat posts,
heights that are higher than what they are
likely to be used to, from childhood, if these
are inexperienced cyclists.
d) Explain the importance of a helmet to be
worn at all times on the saddle, the right way
to wear one snugly and the importance of
wearing a helmet of the correct size.
e) Check for medication clients are on
and ensure that they are carrying sufficient
dosage for the duration of the tour.
f) In case of self-guided trips the guides
MUST give the travelers a briefing of do’s
and don’ts including how to engage with the
locals and where to stop / not stop.
g) Self-guided riders must check in with
the local operator on a daily basis to update
them on their well being.
Documentation
a) Maintain a log book of all gear (cycles,
helmets, racks, panniers, backpacks, lights,
locks, etc.).
b) Copies of permits to enter a region, if
relevant
c) Copies of the tour operator’s credentials
d) Copies of the identity and emergency
contact details of each client.
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e) Mandatory insurance copies of each
client.
f) List of doctors & hospitals as well as
ambulance providers along the route
g) List of reliable bicycling stores (which
manage the cycle brands being used) along
the route.
h) Emergency Action Plan
Risk Mitigation
Risk to humans
a) Recommend a comprehensive medical
checkup prior to a tour. Ask for a doctor’s
certificate of fitness while signing up for
the trip, if the distance and terrain are
challenging.
b) Ensure customers have medical insurance
and that copies of the insurance are handed
over to the guide before the start of the trip.
c) Ensure you have information like blood
group, known allergies, known medical
conditions, emergency contact persons (at
least two names and numbers).
d) An indemnity form signed by each tour
participant that states that they are taking
sole responsibility for their own well-being
during the trip and this legally keeps the tour
leader and touring company safe.
e) In case of self-guided trips a detailed
briefing covering the cultural situation in
India, safety of women etc. should be given
prior to commencement of the trip.
Equipment risk:
Tour operators must ensure that:
a) A comprehensive first-aid kit is carried
on the trip. Do ensure that all medicines are
within expiry period.
b) All bicycles are in good condition to
ride – this should be confirmed by a service
professional.
c) Lights (head lights and taillamps) on all
bicycles
d) Helmets for all riders.
e) Support vehicle is close-by at all times.
f) In a group with people of varied abilities
the operating company must ensure that
there is a leader and follower for every day.
Emergencies & Rescues
a) To deal with an evacuation required due
to natural disasters etc., assess emergency
evacuation procedures for the various places
the tour will go to.
b) In an emergency situation, the touring
group takes and follows instructions from
the tour leader. This information needs to
be communicated to the group at the start
of every tour.
c) The Tour Leader must assess the situation
and administer first aid as appropriate and
call for back-up as soon as possible.
d) To deal with cases of medical
emergencies, assess proximity to hospitals,
time taken to reach there and mode of
transport.
e) If there is a medical emergency and the
tour leader is occupied with the emergency,
the company must set a practice of how to
manage the rest of the group.
Safety briefing
Leaders are required to give a brief
demonstration of the bike (brakes, gears, any
possible adjustments). It is recommended this
happens before clients are given their individual
bikes to ensure that they all focus on the
explanation. The briefing to the clients must
include :
a) Keeping identification with them always
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b) Taking ownership for assessing if they
feel unwell or not up to the trip at any point
and alert the tour leader
c) Riding safely, riding as per traffic rules
d) Keeping their helmet on at all times,
while on the saddle
e) Using lights when conditions require it
f) Cleaning bicycles and keeping them ready
for the next day of travel
g) Following instructions of the tour leader
at all times, especially emergencies briefings
during the trip :
Evening briefings: On the evening
prior to each ride the leader must explain
the next day’s riding to the whole group.
Points covered will include:
• Using a map to show the overview
of the route for the day
• Any included transfers needed as
part of the travel on that day
• Expected distance of the days ride
• Expected terrain (road surface,
ascent and descent)
• Planned stops: notable rest stops,
lunch, and any visits
• Where the ride will finish and the
accommodation they will be using
that night
Next section’ route
descriptions At rest stops and re-
grouping points during the ride leaders
are expected to give short ‘next section’
briefing to let clients know what is
coming up:
• The distance and approximate
duration of the next section
• Any known hazards (road surface,
heavy traffic, steep descents, difficult
route finding etc) and how to avoid
them.
• Any directions and junctions the
group should look out for
• Points of interest to look out for
• The next planned stopping or re-
grouping point
Medical concerns
Covered above
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“Basic Minimum Standards”
for grant of recognition to
operators
a) Tour operator organization to have
i) Minimum two personnel qualified for
the job ( specified above)
ii) First aid /CPR certified personnel
iii) Well maintained bicycles, (if being
offered),basic safety equipment and tools
iv) Knowledge of the region – history,
geography and culture; permits needed
for the region, inherent risks (natural,
political, social, etc.)
v) Registered office
vi) Recognition by local / state tourism
department.
b) Tour leaders with experience of :
i) Riding bicycles on the road for
multiple days and riding the distance
covered by the tour
ii) Good communication skills
iii) Ability to converse with government
authorities and get relevant permissions
iv) Ability to plan and schedule all events
in advance
v) Ability to deal with and iron out issues
on the trip
vi) Administering first aid and helping
clients with medical insurance should the
situation arise.
c) The company must follow a strict 'leave
Section for Mountain Biking
Guidelines for mountain biking tours are similar
to biking. There are some additional MTB
specific guidelines a tour operator must ensure:
Trail rules for mountain biking :
1. Ride open trails only
a) Do not use prohibited trails. In national
parks only designated trails are permitted.
b) Take necessary permission for restricted
trails. Reserve forests may issue entry ticket
with fees.
c) Respect land rules for open trails.
2. Leave no trace
a) Wet and muddy trails are more vulnerable
to damage than dry ones.
b) When trail is soft, consider other riding
options. Do not create new trails or cut
switchbacks.
c) Do not ride around standing water, it
widens the trail.
d) Pack out as much as you pack in. Also
consider picking up any litter on the trail.
3. Control your bicycle
a) Lack of attention even for a moment can
lead to serious problems for the rider and
others.
4. Follow suggested speed limit.
5. Trail etiquette
a) Make all efforts to alert other trail users.
A friendly greeting or ringing the bell will
do.
b) All downhill users must yield to uphill
users.
c) All mountain bikers must yield to trekkers
and animals on trails.
d) Always anticipate other trail users around
corners.
6. It is important to watch out for
animals on the trail.
7. Plan ahead for unusual conditions:-
a) Know your equipment, ability, terrain,
riding conditions, weather and available
resources on route.
b) Always stay in touch with your group.
c) Carry clothes for change in weather
conditions.
d) Strive to be self-sufficient.
e) Follow all safety rules.
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BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR SAFARIS (CAMEL, ELEPHANT, HORSE AND JEEP)
Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
CAMEL SAFARIS
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GUIDELINES FOR CAMEL SAFARI
Introduction:
Camel safaris in the Rajasthan desert are an
experience of a lifetime. To ensure that clients
have a wonderful experience in the desert,
the camel handler must be experienced and
familiar with his animal. The male camels (like
elephants) tend to go ‘musth’ in the winter
months. That is when they are unpredictable
and dangerous. The handler must be confident
of the animal’s reliability and temperament.
Camel Guides: Basic minimum
qualifications and experience
a) The animal should be healthy and of
a good size. The camel should not be too
young since a young camel is often not
strong enough to carry the weight of a rider.
b) All camels in Rajasthan are Dromedaries
(with a single hump) and the saddle used
on safaris seats two people. Two persons
should get on the same camel only if their
combined weight is below 65 kgs.
c) The tack used on the camel must be
of good quality and comfortable for both
camel and rider.
d) Stirrups must be provided with the saddle
for the riders.
e) The girth must be secured properly,
otherwise the saddle might slip and it is a
long way down for the rider.
Training Programmes for Camel Guides should
include:
a) Good desert knowledge and field training
in desert ecosystems.
b) Provide vernacular medium literature for
local guides
c) Training in soft skills like communication,
hospitality & hygiene
d) Importance of being well turned out
e) First Aid training to handle medical
emergencies and also scaled viper bites and
scorpion stings
Suggested Minimum
Qualification and Experience
for Camel Guides:
a) First Aid certification
b) Should have comprehensive knowledge
of desert ecosystems
c) Minimum five years experience of
working with animals
Equipment required while on
camel safari
a) Good Binoculars/ Spotting Scope
b) Optional - Good camera.
c) Books and Field Guides for Desert
Birds/ Mammals/ Snakes/ Insects etc are
a must
Equipment care and
maintenance :
Camels must be treated well and looked after.
Procedures
a) Health of the camels must be monitored
on a continuous basis
b) There is a need for regular refresher
courses and certification for guides
c) Medical kit to be checked for expiry dates
of medicines
d) Binoculars have moving parts and are
very sensitive equipment. They need regular
checks for fungus and parallax.
a) Weather/ climate briefing: Before setting
off on a Camel Safari, the guide must brief
the client on expected weather conditions
during the trip, trip duration and safety
factors.
b) As dehydration is a distinct possibility
on a camel safari, sufficient fluids and light
refreshments for any unexpected delays
should be carried.
c) The guides should be well trained and
serve as good ambassadors of the country.
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d) The guides should brief guests about
local traditions and customs
Documentation
a) The guests must sign the disclaimer
before they get on the camel.
Risk Mitigation
a) The Camel handler must not be allowed
to ride on the same camel as the guests
b) The guests must be briefed properly
about how they should transfer their weight
when the camel stands up and sits down. (in
order for the rider to mount and dismount.)
c) Problems associated with stings and bites
are a possibility. Do brief the clients to
be sufficiently prepared and appropriately
dressed.
d) Camel Safari can bring in clients who
are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather
conditions. Brief medical condition of
the client should be known. Specific
instructions to carry the necessary medicines
– owing to the paucity of good medical
help in close proximity to wilderness areas,
should be conveyed to the field staff prior
to the trip.
a) All resorts, trail leaders and guides must
be aware of the nearest medical facility and
the evacuation means.
b) Guides must know basic first aid to
handle heat stroke and other weather-related
issues
c) Emergencies could most often be due
to medical condition of the client or due to
snake bite/ sting.
d) A comprehensive Emergency Action
Plan should be in position. All field staff
must be trained and familiar with the
Emergency Action Plan.
Safety briefing
Briefings for a good camel safari experience
should include the following:
a) Appropriate dressing for the season
b) Any medicines that might need to be
carried and rehydration fluids
c) There are very few field toilets in India.
Use of the bush needs utmost care.
d) Ensuring zero garbage and a strict ‘leave
no trace’ policy in wilderness areas. There is
a need to take back all garbage to the base
camp
Medical concerns
a) Elderly clients and clients with need of
regular medicines should be warned of
poor medical facilities in the proximity of
wilderness areas.
b) First aid kits with material like sanitary
napkins should be carried on the trip.
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operators
The Adventure Tourism industry is now
moving towards Environmentally Responsible
Operators and expects certain basic standards
to be maintained like:
a) Responsible Tourism with sensitivity
to the local people and their culture must
be an integral part of the trip. A Waste
Management Plan should be in place.
b) Interpretation: This is one of the most
important activities to educate and involve
clients. Camel safari operators must invest in
training good guides
c) Supporting local population and
economy: Operators must be able to employ
and capacity build local population to
benefit from tourism. As far as possible the
handicraft purchasing policy must reflect
‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the local
economy and operators can provide their
clients with a realistic local experience.
d) CSR Activity: Operators should be
supportive of the local needs of education,
medical and sporting activities
It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity,
establishment or company seeking grant for
recognition as a camel safari operator must
fulfill these desirable criteria:
a) Camel safari operators must own / have
access to good quality riding equipment like
saddles and tack.
(minimum two full time qualified staff) on
their payroll. The entity must operate with
the required permits.
i) It is recommended that the entity
is registered with the state tourism
department / recognized by the Ministry
of Tourism, Govt of India.
ii) The entity must have a registered
office.
iii) The camel safari company must
follow a strict ' leave no trace' policy and
conform to high sustainability standards.
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
HORSE SAFARIS
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GUIDELINES FOR Horse Safari
INTRODUCTION
Horse safaris are the best way to explore rugged
or hilly terrain, deserts or other places which are
off the beaten track in India.
This is a high risk activity and the highest
safety standards must be maintained. It is
difficult to gauge the riding ability of a horse-
rider without seeing him/her ride, and therefore
the allocation of an appropriate horse is always
a challenge. The first time you usually allocate
a horse to a rider is by the rider's’ perception
of their riding ability. A word of caution
here, most riders tend to overestimate their
riding abilities. Most riders do not realize that a
well-schooled, advanced, powerful horse could
severely injure a rider who is not well-matched.
Therefore it is imperative to match the right
horse to a rider to avoid accidents.
Suggested Minimum
requirements:
Equipment:
a) The equipment used on the horses should
be of specified standard quality. Eg. Saddle
and tack.
b) All people conducting horse safaris
should be able to provide proper safety
helmets, clothing and riding equipment.
c) The tack and saddle must be of high
quality. Good quality saddles are not only for
the comfort of the rider but it is also for the
comfort of the horse. A good fitting saddle
will minimise saddle sores for the animal.
d) The bridle and bits used must not be
severe. A severe bit can seriously injure a
horse if not used correctly. A simple snaffle
or French link bit is ideal and recommended.
In short, the tack must not cause pain or
injury to the horse or rider in any way.
Guides:
a) Horse riding guides should be
accomplished riders and have a good
knowledge of the terrain.
b) Guides should have valid FA certification
and regular refresher courses to recertify
them should be conducted.
c) Guides should be well trained and serve
as good ambassadors of the country.
d) Guides should brief guests about local
traditions and customs
e) Guides must have on them the following
equipment:
i) Binoculars/ Spotting Scope
ii) Books and Field Guides for Birds/
Mammals/ Snakes/ Butterflies/ Insects/
Amphibians
iii) First aid kit
iv) Torch, GPS, maps.
For horses and equipment care
a) The horses should be preferably owned
by the service provider. This will ensure
the quality of the horses, the basic well-
being of the animal and that the horse is
healthy enough to do the safari (not lame or
malnourished).
b) Quality check of riding equipment before
every season is a must.
c) Guides should check medical kits for
expiry dates of medicines.
For safaris
a) Weather briefing: Before setting off on a
horse ride, the guide must brief the riders on
expected temperatures/ rain during the trip.
b) Dehydration is a worry and a vehicle
with water and light refreshments for any
unexpected delays should accompany the
riders and meet them at different pre-
scheduled spots along the trail.
c) Garbage disposal is a big issue while
visiting remote areas. Empty chips, wrappers
are salt laced and there a chance of wild
animals swallowing them and choking and
dying.
d) The distance covered in a day’s ride
should not exceed 35 to 40 kms and that too
if the riders are experienced.
e) An experienced rider should weigh less
than 90 kgs and an inexperienced rider
should weigh less than 85 kgs.
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f) The horses and their well being must
come first. Utmost care should be taken in
case of soreness or injury to the horse. An
injured horse must be replaced.
Documentation
a) A disclaimer must be signed by all riders
before they are allowed to get on the horse.
b) Complete information of all riders
including emergency contact details should
be present with the operator.
c) An Emergency Action Plan should be in
position.
d) Contact numbers of local hospitals,
ambulance and police stations.
Risks
a) Falls from a horse are a possibility.
b) Horse going violent in certain situations
cannot be ruled out.
c) Medical facilities are poor in wilderness
areas.
Risk Mitigation
Horse riding comes with a number of risks
including dehydration, exhaustion and injuries.
Stings and bites (also from horse flies) are also
a possibility.
To mitigate these risks:-
a) Briefing riders to dress appropriately is
the first step.
b) The person conducting the safari must be
an accomplished rider and should be able to
gauge the ability of clients and set the pace
accordingly.
c) The riders must not be allowed to
gallop off on their own even if they are
experienced riders as they are riding in
unfamiliar terrain.
d) The activity providers should have prior
knowledge of allergies/ other medical
ailments vis a vis riders and be prepared to
handle medical issues.
e) The guides must know basic first aid and
should carry a comprehensive First Aid kit.
f) As emergencies like snake bites and
bee stings need immediate assistance,
evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary
Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be
planned for.
a) All guides and horse safari operators must
evacuation procedures.
b) An Emergency Action Plan must be in
position.
Safety briefing to riders
should include the following
points:-
a) Riders must have the necessary gear on
them before they mount the horse.
b) A well fitted riding helmet is a must.
c) Boots with heals are recommended to
stop the foot from sliding too deep into
the stirrup. Half Chaps are ideal. They are
easy to pack and serve the purpose of a full
length riding boot.
d) Appropriate clothes for the season.
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e) The riders must carry a day pack with
rehydration fluids, personal medicines, sun
block, sun screen etc
f) There are very few field toilets in India.
One has to be extremely careful when using
the bush.
g) Must ensure zero garbage policy in
wilderness areas. They should be asked to
take back all garbage back to resort/ base
camp.
operators :
recognition as a horse safari operator must
fulfill these desirable criteria:
a) The horse safari operator should
preferably own the horses or the operator
should have the ability to hire horses
appropriate for the safari. This will ensure
the quality of the horses, the basic well-
being of the animal and that the horse is
healthy enough to do the safari (not lame or
malnourished).
b) Horse safari operators must own high
quality riding equipment like saddles, tack
and helmets.
c) The entity must have qualified personnel
(minimum two full time qualified staff)
on their payroll (specified above). These
personnel must carry the requisite
experience in horse riding and have valid
First Aid & CPR certification.
i) The entity must operate with the
required permits.
ii) It is recommended that the entity
is registered with the state tourism
department / recognized by the Ministry
of Tourism, Govt of India.
iii) The entity must have a registered
office.
iv) The horse safari company must
follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
Jeep Safari &
4x4 Driving Safaris
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GUIDELINES FOR Jeep Safari & 4x4 Driving Safaris
Introduction
Jeep Safaris provide opportunities to explore
the incredible wilderness and majestic
landscapes and opportunities to discover the
unique customs, lifestyles and cultures of
people in faraway lands. It then becomes the
solemn duty of all those conducting safaris, to
preserve and protect all that they showcase.
Jeep Safari Vehicles: Basic
requirements
The most important feature in this activity is
the vehicle:-
a) The vehicle must not only be road worthy
but “off-road’ worthy. The vehicle should
be in excellent running condition with all
necessary documents/ permits.
b) The tyres should have correct air
pressure.
c) Any modifications done to the seating
etc must be of the highest quality ensuring
complete safety standards. There should be
no sharp edges in the welding work. There
should be enough leg and head room for the
comfort of the passengers.
d) The seats should all be forward facing
and seat belts are a must.
e) There must be a well equipped First Aid
Kit and a fire extinguisher in every vehicle.
f) It must look good from outside as well
as inside. The vehicle interior (upholstery,
carpet, overhead luggage racks etc.) should
be absolutely neat and clean. The windows
must be spotlessly clean.
Safari Drivers : Basic minimum
qualifications and experience
a) Drivers must have a valid driving license.
b) They must be experienced. In case of
“off-roading”, they must have the expertise
to navigate their vehicle through difficult
terrain.
c) The driver should ensure that all permits
are acquired before the trip and guests are
not kept waiting during the journey for want
of any documentation.
d) Need to conduct regular Training
Programmes for Drivers. A comprehensive
syllabus for drivers to be developed which
should include the following points:-
i) Training should focus on honing basic
vehicle maintenance, driving & off-road
driving skills
ii) Drivers should wear seat belts and
ensure that the occupants also use
seatbelts at all times.
iii) No drinking / use of illicit drugs and
driving.
iv) Mobile telephones should be kept on
silent mode while driving.
v) Good understanding of local customs
and traditions is a must to prevent any
conflicts.
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vi) Soft skills like hospitality and hygiene
should be looked into. The drivers must
be polite and well-turned out.
vii) First aid training to handle common
medical emergencies and also bites and
stings
e) No refueling to be done with guests on
board.
Equipment required in vehicle
a) First aid kit.
b) Fire Fighting equipment
Equipment care and
maintenance
a) Regular vehicle maintenance is a must for
safaris.
b) Additionally kit must have belts, fuses,
spare tyres and tools
Procedures
a) There is a need for regular refresher
courses for Jeep Safari Drivers
b) Fire fighting equipment and medical kit
to be checked for expiry dates
a) Drivers should be permanently employees
of the safari service provider.
b) The drivers should know their vehicles
well.
c) Vehicles should be properly inspected
before every safari and a major inspection
every 3 months.
d) Garbage is one of the most dangerous
problems created by tourism. Drivers should
carry all garbage back.
e) Drivers shall not operate a vehicle while
under the influence of alcohol, drugs,
narcotics or medication that could impair
their ability to safely operate the vehicle.
f) Drivers must not operate vehicles unless
adequately rested and alert.
g) Drivers must remove the ignition key, put
parking brakes on and lock the doors when
leaving the vehicle.
Documentation
a) In case of a self drive safari, the guest
must possess a valid driving license. The
vehicle being driven must be insured
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along with third party insurance. Proper
instructions must be given and briefings
must be conducted before the drive, by the
instructors.
b) An indemnity form must be signed by
guests before they undertake the safari.
Risk Mitigation
a) The code of conduct for drivers should
be reinforced before every safari.
b) Regular maintenance of vehicles will
assuredly mitigate the risk of breakdowns.
a) All drivers and trail leaders must know
basic first aid.
b) They should be aware of emergency
evacuation procedures in case of an
accident.
c) They must be aware of the nearest
medical facility along the route.
d) Emergencies could most often be
due to bites/ sting, sun stroke and other
weather related situations. Emergencies like
snake bites and bee stings need immediate
assistance. Evacuation/ access to the nearest
Primary Health Centre/ Civil Hospital
should be planned for.
e) Winches, tow ropes, sand shovels and
other rescue tools must carried on the trip.
f) Walky talky sets must be carried on the
trip and convoy safety must be a part of the
safety briefing prior to the trip.
Safety briefing
Trip leader briefing to guests before a Jeep
Safari should include the following:
a) Guests should inform trip leader about
any medical concerns and if any specific
medicines need to be carried for that.
b) There are very few field toilets in India.
Use of bush needs utmost care.
c) Ensuring zero garbage in wilderness
areas. There is a need to take back all
garbage back in the vehicle
d) Elderly clients and clients with need of
wilderness areas
operators :
Basic Minimum Standards for grant
of recognition to operators It is highly
recommended that any outfit, entity,
recognition as a jeep safari operator must fulfill
these desirable criteria:
a) The entity must either own vehicles
or be able to hire good quality vehicles
commensurate with needs of undertaking
and running such an operation.
(minimum two full time qualified staff)
on their pay roll. These personnel must
carry the requisite experience in the activity
and have valid basic First Aid & CPR
certification.
permits / licenses.
Govt of India.
f) The jeep safari company must follow a
strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to
high sustainability standards.
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
MOTORCYCLE TOUR
OPERATORS
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GUIDELINES FOR MOTORCYCLE TOUR OPERATORS
INTRODUCTION
1. Motorcycle touring is a lot of fun and is
filled with a sense of freedom, as against a
car, but can also be a fairly high risk activity.
Therefore, needs to follow a set of rules and
practices to keep all involved safe especially
in a commercially organized group riding
scenario where all participants are a disjointed
group. Adventure activities by their very nature
involve some risks, these regulations are being
introduced to ensure that tour operators who
offer motorcycle adventure tours, have basic
safety and operating standards in place.
2. These regulations will give both foreign and
domestic tourists confidence that appropriate
steps have been taken to keep them safe and
mitigate the risks involved.
APPLICABILITY
3. These regulations will apply to operations
and services of travel agencies and tour
operators, who organize or sell, motorcycle
tourism related services to public for business
purposes.
OBJECTIVE
4. To increase safety consciousness among tour
operators as well as enabling tour operators
to determine safety standards which apply to
motorcycle tour operations and expeditions.
ADVENTURE GUIDE/INSTRUCTOR –
BASIC MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS
AND EXPERIENCE
5. Who is an Operator ? Any person whether
employer, a principal, or self employed person
who provides an adventure activity to a person
directly or indirectly for a payment, the purpose
of which can be educational/ recreational
/ business and deliberately exposes the
participant to a risk of a possible serious harm.
6. Basic Qualifications/ Requirements. A tour
guide / instructor should possess these basic
minimum qualifications/ experience.
a) Drivers Licence. Operator should have
held a full motorcycle licence for a minimum
of 5 years, and have adequate experience
of riding in all types of terrains in India -
Himalayas, Coastal, Deserts, National parks
etc.
b) Should preferably have completed a basic
motorcycle safety course from a recognised
Institute.
c) Should have basic knowledge of the
working and running repair of a motorcycle,
that is being used in the expedition.
d) Should have valid first aid and CPR
certification.
e) Have adequate computer skills and ability
to handle/ operate a GPS.
f) Have basic map reading skills and ability to
use a compass.
g) Have customer handling and motorcycle
group management skills.
h) Possess adequate know how of traffic rules
and general rules and regulations of area of
operation.
i) If the customer group does not speak Hindi
or English, the operator must have a Guide
who speaks the language of customer rider.
j) For an expedition that is more than 4 days
or operates in remote areas or had a group
size more than 7 riders, a back up logistic
truck may be provided. This could carry
additional baggage, mechanical spares, reserve
fuels etc.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
7. Based on the type of expedition and its
duration, there is a comprehensive list of
equipment that may be carried on a guided tour.
Some basic essentials are listed below which, the
operator must have and a recommended list for
the client. The instructions to this effect must be
conveyed to the customer, well in advance so that
they come suitably prepared.
a) A suitable motorcycle according to the
route planned. They could bring their own or
may be rent it from the provider.
b) Suitable apparel according to the weather
and safety gear to include certified safety
helmet, high ankle boots, gloves, riding jacket,
rain gear etc
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c) Communication equipment radio /
mobile / satellite phones ( if applicable).
d) Marked Maps, GPS with pre-fed maps
and route-distance c harts.
e) Handy tools and spares to carry out basic
wilderness repairs including puncture repair
kit.
f) First aid kit and if operating in a high
altitude area an oxygen cylinder and
emergency contact numbers in case is
assistance required for causality evacuation.
g) Recording and photographic media with
adequate batteries and power banks.
EQUIPMENT CARE, MAINTENANCE
AND INSPECTION
8. Operators must ensure that the vehicles
used to provide a service are maintained to
a standard that complies with or exceeds
the servicing program specified by the
manufacturer.
9. A complete comprehensive review by a
specialist should be done before every ride to
ascertain top condition of engine, body, brakes,
lights and tyres before letting a vehicle on
rental/ tour.
10. The inspections should include the
following
a) All controls, cables, lights and battery.
b) All fluids engine, coolant, clutch and
brakes.
c) Tyres, chain/belt and sprocket,
suspension.
d) All major systems e.g. electrical, fuel,
ignition and engine etc.
11. Additionally, a system of daily checks
should be in place to ensure optimum
availability of a safe motorcycle during the day
of ride.
SOP’S AND OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS AND
DOCUMENTATION
12. All operators must have in place a system
of standard actions to be taken for various
contingencies to ensure a satisfactory and
consistent response to a situation and help
provide a safer expedition environment. It is
not possible to have a SOP for all possible
contingencies, but at a basic level should cover
following situations.
a) Pre ride checks and briefings to include
local traffic rules.
b) Actions to be taken in case of motorcycle
failure/ accident.
c) Medical emergency response, minor/
major injury and evacuation.
d) Lost party member tracking and retrieval.
e) Group riding rules including night riding.
f) Motorcycle and safety gear inspection.
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13. Documentation.
a) All necessary government registrations,
clearances and permits for tour operations.
b) Driving licences, motorcycle documents
c) All insurances (both for equipment and
personnel)
d) Carnets and overland permits. (as
applicable)
e) International driving licences.
RISK MITIGATION
14. Risk management and mitigation in its
broadest term is to understand the risk involved
in a particular activity and to take appropriate
steps to reduce or nullify the same. For example
hot weather riding, following can be done to
mitigate the risk involved – cover up, hydrate,
avoid caffeine, replace electrolytes, start early
stop early and cool down. Similarly rainy
weather, cold weather, Himalayan trail etc.
requires specialist handling of riding group.
15. There are two types of risks - subjective
and objective. Subjective are inherent to
the riders attitude. Objective are created by
environmental, motorcycle, road and rider
health conditions, these are the ones that tour
operators need to focus on. Additionally, a
written risk assessment should be carried
out for each excursion/ tour. Involving
identification and analysis of all contingencies
and dangers involved, actions should be taken
to mitigate these and participants should be
informed of these special circumstances.
EMERGENCIES AND RESCUE
16. Emergency on a motorcycle tour can be
majorly of two natures - equipment failure/
accident or medical nature e.g. a minor fall
may just require first aid or a serious injury
may require evacuation. Therefore, depending
on severity of both detailed action plan /
SOP should be available with the ride leader,
including things like contact numbers of
emergency services, to implement.
SAFETY BRIEFING
17. A pre ride safety briefing covering all
aspects of risks and action to be taken both by
conducting staff and the participants should be
covered in details, some aspects are highlighted
below.
a) Local traffic rules, speed limits and
documents to be carried on person.
b) Wearing of protective gear.
c) Motorcycle controls, operation and pre
ride checks
d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.
e) Group riding procedure to include lane
position, following other vehicle, head lights,
signals and parking.
f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any
special riding conditions.
g) Night riding and fatigue.
h) Indemnity bond by participant.
i) Avoiding alcohol prior to / during the
ride.
j) Staying hydrated and rest stops.
MEDICAL CONCERNS
18. These are of two types : personal and
accident related during the ride. For personal
medical conditions the client should be advised
to carry sufficient medication and inform about
the same to the ride leader. For accident related
the ride leader should have a plan in addition to
a well stocked First Aid Kit.
19. Infections. An antibacterial disinfectant
soap / sanitiser should be recommended to
keep infections at bay.
20. Inoculations. When travelling in rural
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areas have vaccinations against cholera and
tetanus. Consult your local clinic for up to date
information.
21. Acute Mountain Sickness. This applies to
tours in Ladakh and high altitude rides. Acute
Mountain Sickness (AMS) is an illness that can
affect travelers at high altitude (typically above
10,000 feet or 3,050 meters). Tour leaders must
have full knowledge of handling customers
in such an environment - precautions and
emergency procedures.
“BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
OPERATORS:
1. The agency must own or have the ability
to hire suitable, registered motorcycles and all
accessories as specified above. The motorcycles
must be well maintained, serviced and in perfect
working order with perfect documentation/
insurance.
2. The agency must have at least two full time
trained motorcycle trip leaders duly qualified
/ knowledgeable about leading motorcycling
trips safely, group dynamics, traffic rules,
communication skills and field repairs /
punctures etc. They must possess valid First
Aid / CPR certification.
3. The operator must have SOP’s for different
itineraries / motorcycling trips offered and
Emergency Action Plans for all trips.
4. A detailed risk assessment must be carried
out by the trip leaders with the back up team
prior to conducting any trips.
5. A list of hospitals, police stations and
workshops along the route should be carried by
the trip leaders.
6. A detailed SOP for inspecting motorcycles,
documentation and safety gear prior to
conducting trips must be in position.
7. The company must follow a strict 'leave no
trace' policy and conform to high sustainability
standards.
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GUIDELINES FOR
MOUNTAINEERING
Land based
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GUIDELINES FOR MOUNTAINEERING
INTRODUCTION
1.1 India has 73 percent of the Himalayan
range with a huge potential for mountaineering
expeditions. Mountaineering is an activity for
which Indian Mountaineering Foundation
(IMF) is responsible to the Government of
India through the Foreigner’s act and other
statutes. All tour operators must keep abreast
of the guidelines given by IMF from time to
time. These Basic Minimum Standards will
apply specifically to commercial expeditions
attempting peaks 6000 meters or higher.
GUIDES/INSTRUCTORS
1.2 Lead guides and instructors who are leading
mountaineering activities should, as a minimum,
hold valid certificates in the following;
a) A minimum 16 hour (2 day) First Aid/
CPR course provided by a recognized and
qualified provider.
b) Completed the Advanced
Mountaineering Course from any of the
National Mountaineering Institutes and
carry a certificate duly authenticated by an
IMF recognized body OR IMF accredited
tour operator stating that the individual
“has experience of 3 years in assisting
mountaineering expeditions at altitudes
of 6000m and above and is independently
capable of guiding mountaineering groups
and carrying out rescue operations”
c) Maintain a logbook containing
authenticated records of mountaineering
experience.
EQUIPMENT
1.3 The correct use and proper maintenance of
climbing equipment is essential for conducting
mountaineering activities and should never be
taken lightly.
1.4 Equipment, specially safety equipment
should be of the highest standard available and
preferably certified by ISI or an international
body like CE or UIAA.
1.5 Rope – There are many different types
of ropes. The operator and leader must have
sound knowledge of specifically designed
climbing rope, including the different types and
applications. Climbing rope comes in different
diameters and specifications but the basics are
dynamic, semi static and static. A safe working
load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the
internationally recognized standard for climbing
ropes.
1.6 Hardware (anchors, carabineers, belay
devices etc.) – There is a wide range of
climbing aids and devices and the operator
and instructor must have sound knowledge
of their applications including which devices
are necessary to conduct mountaineering
activities safely. These devices are also a “link”
in the safety chain. As per all other climbing
equipment items a safe working load of 25KN
(2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally
recognized standard for climbing hardware and
devices.
1.7 All equipment is subject to wear and
tear and must be checked before every use.
Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of rated
and approved equipment is usually the cause of
equipment failure. Operators and leaders must
have sound knowledge of this and have systems
in place in order to control and manage their
equipment.
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
1.8 Inspections and maintenance require sound
knowledge of the systems and equipment
themselves and therefore must be carried out by
qualified persons. As a minimum, the inspector
must be qualified to be a guide/instructor. Basic
inspections must be carried out before every
use with complete and detailed inspections
carried out on a regular basis in accordance
with their operations procedures and risk
assessments.
SOP’S AND OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
1.9 All Mountaineering Tour Operators must
maintain and update a Standard Operating
Procedure for their operations and get the same
vetted from IMF from time to time.
1.10 Besides covering the methodologies
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that are adopted by the agency in organizing
the expedition, such as assessing of
members qualification, medical condition
and experience, procedures for obtaining of
various permissions, travel to the mountain,
maintenance of base camp including hygiene,
avoidance of high altitude sickness, safety
precautions, communication, weather reports,
procedure for emergencies, casualty evacuation,
incident and accident reporting and feedback
mechanism, the following must be included in
the SOPS:
a) The guiding staff and porters on the
mountain and the material supplied must
be adequate for the aims of the party and
stated level of service offered.
b) An experienced doctor in the party
is desirable but at the very least advance
arrangements must be known for medical
help. Advance arrangements must also be
made for evacuation assistance in case of an
emergency.
c) Advertising must give a true picture of
all the difficulties and dangers involved
and avoid promising the impossible. If an
expedition is commercially launched by an
operator, then the biographical information
about the guiding team should be included.
d) The client must truthfully reveal his
experience, supported by documentation/
photograph, medical history etc to the
organizer so that the organizer can make an
informed choice about the potential client.
e) Information supplied in advance will
include a clear statement of the guiding,
porters and equipment which will be
supplied by the organizer, together with
details of the clothing and equipment to be
supplied by the client. This is not in context
of the operators assisting expeditions with
logistics alone.
DOCUMENTATION
1.11 The tour operator must maintain, at the
minimum the following documentation:
a) Details of all Guides and Instructors
including, copies of certifications, record of
expedition experience and feedback from
clients.
b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions of
current expeditions.
c) Copies of identification documents,
Insurance cover and details of next of kin
for all participants, guides and instructors.
d) Copy of SOP's.
e) Current list of emergency contact
numbers.
f) Emergency Action Plan
1.12 RISK MITIGATION
In order to mitigate the risk of high altitude,
the following is advised:
a) Participants should be physically and
medically fit.
b) To ensure that at least one or two
members of the expedition have experience
of high altitude climbing.
c) To provide wireless sets or take on hire
from IMF, for communication between
camps on the mountain and the base camp.
d) To bring radio receiving sets in case
weather forecasts by All India Radio are
required to be arranged by the IMF.
e) To ensure that environmental safeguards
are implemented in their programme so that
the area and peak visited by them suffers
no damage, and is left clean for subsequent
expeditions.
f) Environment guidelines provided by IMF
shall be followed strictly.
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1.13 EMERGENCIES AND RESCUES
In addition;
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment
must be available.
b) Evacuation routes must identified
and known to participants, guides and
instructors of the team.
c) A detailed and documented Emergency
Action Plan must be available at the base
camp along with closest available emergency
services which can be called upon as
required.
SAFETY BRIEFING
The lead guide / expedition leader must give a
proper briefing to expedition members before
starting from the base camp and this should
include:
a) Exact route, campsites and places where
ropes have been fixed. Hazards on the
mountain and expected weather.
b) The protocol to be followed during the
climb. Details on SOP’s to be followed.
c) Role of the expedition lead guide and
assistant guide.
d) Procedures to be followed in an
emergency.
BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
OPERATORS
recognition must fulfill these desirable criteria:
a) The entity must own specialized
equipment commensurate with needs of
undertaking and running such an operation
(listed above).
(minimum two full time qualified staff) on
their payroll (listed above). These personnel
must carry the requisite experience in the
activity and have valid First Aid & CPR
certification.
permits / licenses.
Govt of India.
f) The mountaineering company must
follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and
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GUIDELINES FOR
Nature Walks /
Bird Watching
Land based
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GUIDELINES FOR Nature Walks / Bird Watching
Introduction:
Nature walk: A nature trail or nature walk
is a specially developed hiking trail or footpath
that runs through the countryside, along which
there may be marked stations or stops next
to points of natural, technological or cultural
interest. These may convey information about,
flora and fauna, soil science, geology, mining,
ecology or cultural history.
Bird watching, is a form of wildlife
observation in which the observation of birds
is a recreational activity. It can be done with the
naked eye, through a visual enhancement device
like binoculars and telescopes or by listening for
bird sounds.
It often involves a significant auditory
component, as many bird species are more
easily detected and identified by ear than by
eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity
for recreational or social reasons, unlike
ornithologists, who engage in the study of birds
using formal scientific methods.
Guides/ Instructors:
Basic minimum qualifications and experience
a) Preferred bachelors degree in Botany
Zoology., Forestry Sciences, Conservation,
Environmental Science
b) Field training in multiple ecosystems to
prepare guides for different locations
c) Thorough knowledge of the local area or
the bird watching site.
d) Good bird knowledge – migration/
distribution of species/endemic bird species
e) Provide vernacular medium literature for
local guides
f) Comprehensive syllabus for Guides to be
developed
g) Need to understand safe distance
necessary to be maintained to prevent
animal/ insect attack/ charge
h) Emergency manoeuvres in case of a
charge by an animal.
i) First aid and CPR knowledge/certification
Equipment required
a) Good binocular / spotting Scope
b) Field book / guide on Birds/ Mammals/
Snakes/ Butterflies/ Insects/ Amphibians
etc are a must
c) Good camera.
d) A notebook for recording time and place
of bird sightings
e) First aid kit.
f) Kit: Measuring tape, magnifying glass,
torch light, GPS, POP powder and kit,
camera trap etc.
Procedures
a) Binoculars have moving parts and are
very sensitive equipment and can easily be
mishandled. They need regular checks for
fungus and parallax
b) Medical kit to be checked for expiry date
of medicines
c) There is a need for regular refresher
courses for Guides
In order to provide clients with a good
wildlife experience, while maintaining a safe
distance from animals - guides need a training
programme. Some of the most important areas
that need to be covered include:
a) Weather/climate briefing: Before setting
off on a Birding / Nature Trail, the guide
must provide clients sufficient brief on the
expected heat/ cold/ rain etc during the
trip. Clients need to dress accordingly and
to be prepared for personal and equipment
protection.
b) Dehydration is a reality. Sufficient fluids
and light refreshments for any unexpected
delays should be carried. This becomes even
more important with medical backgrounds
of some clients that may not be known.
c) Garbage is one of the most dangerous
problems created by Wildlife Tourism.
Empty chips wrappers are salt laced but
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the animals are unable to lick the salt from
inside the wrappers. Hence the packets
are swallowed by animals leading to their
choking and death.
d) Knowledge and experience of the Guides
is often the limiting factor in providing
clients with a good experience. Resorts must
invest in good Guides/ Naturalists.
e) Interpretation: On return from Safari/
Trail, the Resort Guide/ Naturalist must
ensure a good post trail de-brief to provide
the tourists with a good experience. Resorts/
campsites must also invest in a good library
with field guides and interpretation material
f) Our presence alone is responsible for a
significant pressure on the forest. We need
to prevent further increase by crowding,
teasing, feeding, using flash etc.
g) Collecting souvenirs like antlers, feathers,
bones, shells and plant parts is illegal and
strictly prohibited. Guides should not budge
to client pressure to provide these materials.
h) Sight of nesting birds is uncommon.
However, we must understand that this is a
very sensitive period for the bird. They can
be threatened by our very presence. At such
times, extreme care needs to be taken while
photographing bird activity. Photographing
birds on their nests is strictly forbidden.
Documentation
Lists of bird observations compiled by
members of local bird-watching societies are
very useful in determining dispersal, habitat,
and migration patterns of the various species.
Risk Mitigation
a) Wildlife Tourism comes with a different
set of risks. While conflict with large
animals are rare and few, it is the problems
associated with stings and bites that are a
reality. Briefing the clients to be sufficiently
prepared and well dressed is the first step
b) Wildlife Tourism can bring in clients
who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather
conditions. Brief medical condition of the
client should be known ( such as asthama
and bee sting allergies) and with very
specific instructions to carry the necessary
medicines – owing to the paucity of good
medical help in close proximity to wilderness
areas.
c) Wild animals are unpredictable. But
certain situations can easily be prevented:
i) Coming too close to animals is
dangerous
ii) Mothers with young ones are easily
provoked
iii) Use of flash can anger even the most
docile animals
iv) Feeding of animals is prohibited.
However certain animals can attack even
on realising the existence of food. Eg
monkeys and langoors can snatch food,
v) Handling snakes is dangerous.
This must be done only by a trained
handler. However in a situation where
there is no such handler, care must
be taken to provide the snake with an
exit route. Identifying venomous and
non-venomous snakes should be left to
experts. All snakes should be handled
with due care
All Resorts, trail leaders and Guides must
evacuation means.
a) Guides must know basic first aid/CPR
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b) Emergencies could most often be due
to medical condition of the client or due to
snake bite/ sting.
c) Bee stings can become life threatening. You
don’t always need venomous snakes to run
into an emergency.
d) Sun stroke and other weather related
situations can get aggravated on long
exposure.
e) An Emergency Action Plan should be in
position. All field staff must be periodically
trained in the Emergency Action Plan.
Safety briefing
Briefings for a good wildlife experience should
include the following:
a) Appropriate clothing for the season and
camouflage
b) Any medicines that might need to be
carried and rehydration fluids
c) There are very few field toilets in India. Use
of bush needs utmost care. Clients should use
the washroom prior to leaving for the nature
walk / birding.
d) Noise disturbs animals – while most
animals will shy away, some like juvenile
elephants and wild boars may charge
e) Ensuring zero garbage policy in wilderness
areas. There is a need to take all garbage back
to resort/ base camp
Medical concerns
a) Elderly clients and clients with need of
wilderness areas
b) Emergencies like snake bites and bee stings
need immediate assistance. Evacuation/
access to the nearest Primary Health Centre/
Civil Hospital should be planned for. Anti
Snake Venom cannot be normally stored and
administered by untrained personnel
c) First aid kits should be carried on the trail /
maintained at locations
operators
The Wildlife Tourism industry is now moving
towards Environmentally Responsible Operators
and expects certain basic standards to be
maintained like:
a) All bird watching / nature walk trips
should follow a strict ‘ leave no trace’ policy.
Responsible Waste Management plan should
be in place to segregate/ compost waste
generated
b) Multi Activity Resorts: Resorts must not
depend only on a single activity like a Safari
for its clients. Instead effort must be made to
give them a comprehensive ‘Wild Experience’
with activities like cycling, bird watching,
adventure, community interaction, farming
and harvesting among others. This will not
only reduce the pressure on the Wilderness –
but also help the Resort to increase business
by increasing options for more night stays
c) Interpretation: This is one of the most
important activities to educate and involve
the client. Resorts/ Campsites must invest in
training good guides
d) Supporting local population and economy:
Resorts/ Campsites must be able to employ
and capacity build local population to benefit
from tourism. As far as possible the purchase
policy must reflect a ‘Buy Local’ policy. It
supports the local economy and Resorts
can provide their clients with a realistic local
experience. Most importantly, it reduces the
environmental cost of food material due to
transportation
e) CSR Activity: Resorts/ Campsites should
be supportive of the local needs of education,
medical and sporting activities
f) Trained guides: as highlighted above.
g) The activity provider must follow all
guidelines as listed in the Global Sustainable
Tourism criteria.
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RISK ANALYSIS AND
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
RISKS - Accident, injury
other forms loss
a) Dehydration
b) Sunburn / Heat stroke
c) Stings
d) Injury/ bruises / lacerations
e) Lost person
f) Animal attack
CAUSAL FACTORS
Hazards, perils, dangers
People
a) Making noise and displaying aggressive
behaviour
b) Not carrying enough water, sunscreen,
hat or appropriate clothing to protect from
weather
c) Photographers getting too close/ using
flash on nesting birds/ animals
Equipment
a) Inappropriate clothing
b) lacking water bottles
c) Insufficient 1st Aid Kit
Environment
a) Heat/ Cold
b) Rough weather
c) Bees/ plant inducing allergies. Etc
Risk Management Strategy
Normal Operation - People
a) Explain that if tourists are hyper active -
they will loose the privilege of the wildlife
experience and will need to turn back
Normal Operation - Equipment
a) Confirm that clients are carrying water
and light snacks. Are appropriately dressed
with cap/ hat
b) Participants should dress up in
camouflaging clothes
c) Well equipped First Aid kit to be carried
Normal Operation - Environment
a) Check for honey combs and presence of
sloth bear/ honey buzzard nearby
b) Check for condition of vehicle.
Emergency
a) Know where the nearest hospital is,
ensure that the guide knows basic first aid
b) A vehicle on call for Emergency
evacuation should be available
GUIDELINES RECOMMENDED
a) Recommended not to do some walking
trails when it is raining, Look out for areas
that will be slippery, any falls would be
serious
b) Areas with tigress with cubs need to be
avoided
c) Photographing birds on nest to be totally
avoided
SKILLS REQUIRED BY STAFF
a) Guides to have knowledge of first aid and
should have a well equipped First Aid kit
b) Thorough knowledge of wildlife and
terrain
c) Driver to be able to undertake minor
repairs of the vehicle
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
ROCK CLIMBING /
ARTIFICIAL WALL CLIMBING
AND ABSEILING
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GUIDELINES FOR ROCK CLIMBING / ARTIFICIAL WALL CLIMBING AND ABSEILING
Introduction
Climbing and abseiling are adventure activities
growing in popularity in India. However if
not conducted safely it can lead to injury
and serious accidents. The purpose of these
minimum standards is to enumerate best
practices for operating rock climbing and
abseiling sessions. These apply to purpose-built
(artificial) structures and single pitch climbing
venues with fixed protection systems.
Terms and definitions
a) Single Pitch – An easily accessible
climbing venue where both top and bottom
of the climbing surface can be accessed
safely by foot without the need for personal
protective equipment and roped systems.
b) Fixed protection systems – “Bolts” or
“anchors” specifically designed and fitted for
the purpose of attaching roped systems to a
structure/natural climbing venue.
c) The safety chain includes the anchor;
the rope; the carabiners and slings; the
knots; the harness and the alert belayer.
d) Bottom roping where the belayer is
situated at the bottom of the climb and the
rope is directed through an anchor at the top
of the climb and back down to the climber
e) Top roping where the belayer is situated
at the top of the climb and the rope is
directed from the belay system directly to
the climber.
f) Lead climbing where the climber places
protection during the climb and has no
roped protection above
g) Leader placed protection is protection
specifically designed for the use of lead
climbing and rigging where no fixed
protection is available
h) Fall factor a method in which to scale
the severity and force of a fall
Guides/Instructors
Guides and instructors who are supervising
climbing and abseiling activities should, as
a minimum, hold valid certificates for the
following:-
a) A minimum 8 hour (1 day) first aid course
provided by a recognised and qualified
provider
b) Basic Mountaineering Course from any
of the National Mountaineering Institutes
and be certified by a MOI Qualified
Instructor to have assisted climbing and
abseiling activities for a minimum of
100 hours OR Indian Mountaineering
Foundation (IMF) recognised Sports
Climbing Instructors course or should
have sufficient experience certified by
suitably qualified Coaches/Instructors duly
recognised by IMF.
Equipment
a) The correct use and proper maintenance
of climbing equipment is essential for
conducting safe climbing and abseiling
activities and should never be taken lightly.
b) Although these standards do not
cover the fitting or construction of fixed
protection systems, these systems should
be rated by the manufacturer and have
a quantifiable safe working load. As a
minimum standard for such systems,
operators must adhere to a safety factor of
3 in accordance to the operator's’ weight
limitations. In addition, fixed protection
systems must be proven to withstand
10KN (1 ton) without displaying any visible
deformation or damage. In order to fully
understand appropriate fixed anchor/
protection systems an operator must also
have sound knowledge of static/dynamic
load and fall factors.
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c) Rated and quality assured personal
protective equipment or PPE must be used.
An internationally recognised safe working
load for such equipment is 25KN (2.5 tons).
In order to comply with this standard it is
recommended that all PPE is CE (European
Conformity) approved. Here is a list of the
minimum PPE requirements for an average
climbing and/or abseiling session:
d) Harness – The single most important
piece of personal protective equipment
which allows the climber to be safely
attached to the roped system and is also
a “link” of the safety chain. Harnesses
however do not fit themselves and when
fitted incorrectly introduce further risk due
to providing a false sense of security. For
this reason, all harnesses must be checked
by a qualified leader to ensure they are fitted
correctly prior to leaving the ground and
being exposed to a potential fall.
e) Helmets – Climbing helmets are designed
to withstand impact from above by falling
rock and equipment, NOT the head
impacting on the ground from a falling
climber. As such, it is the responsibility of
the owner/operator to deem if a climbing
helmet is necessary in accordance with their
risk assessments. The general rule however
is that in natural rock venues use a helmet;
in bottom rope artificial venues a helmet is
optional; in top rope/abseil artificial venues,
use a helmet. If in doubt, use a helmet.
f) Rope – There are many different types of
rope. The operator and leader must have a
sound knowledge of specifically designed
climbing rope, including the different
types and applications. In order for the
operator or leader to fully understand the
applications or different climbing ropes
they must also fully understand fall factors.
Climbing rope comes in different diameters
and specifications but the basics are
dynamic, semi static and static. The operator
must consult the manufacturer’s manual
to ascertain its intended use. Rope not
intended for climbing is made with different
materials and has different specifications.
Rope that isn’t designed specifically for the
use of climbing and abseiling activities must
NEVER be used for this purpose. A safe
working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE
approval is the internationally recognised
standard for climbing rope.
g) Hardware (carabiners, belay devices etc.)
– There is a wide range of climbing aids
and devices and the operator and instructor
must have a complete and sound knowledge
of their applications including which
devices are necessary to operate climbing
and abseiling activities safely. These devices
are also a “link” in the safety chain. As per
all other climbing equipment items a safe
working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE
approval is the internationally recognised
standard for climbing hardware and devices.
h) All equipment is subject to wear and
tear and must be checked before every use.
Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of
rated and approved equipment is usually the
cause of equipment failure. Operators and
leaders must have sound knowledge of this
and have systems in place in order to control
and manage their equipment. Details of how
to do this is included in the Indian Climbing
Leader Award.
Inspection and maintenance
procedures
4.1 Inspections and maintenance require sound
knowledge of the systems and equipment
themselves and therefore must be carried out by
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qualified persons as a minimum the inspector
must be qualified to be a guide/instructor. Basic
inspections must be carried out before every
use with complete and detailed inspections
carried out on a regular basis in accordance
with their operations procedures and risk
assessments.
SOPs and operating
instructions
a) For rock climbing and abseiling, the
systems required at each individual venue
vary. The following is the minimum
requirement and standards that apply to all
climbing and abseiling activities.
b) The safety chain
i) The Anchor – Is permanent and been
fitted with the intention to be used for
this particular activity. Has been tested to
withstand a minimum of 10 KN (1 ton).
Does not show any signs of damage or
deformity
ii) The rope – Is a climbing rope
that has been made by an approved
manufacture. It is the correct type
of rope for this particular activity. It
does not show any signs of damage or
deformity i.e. excessive “fluffing”, cuts,
rips or tears, thin bits, fat bits etc. Is
correctly secured to the anchor.
iii) The carabiners and slings –
Equipment is for its intended use only.
There are no signs of damage, deformity
or wear and tear. Are correctly secured.
iv) The knots – Are the correct knots.
Have been double-checked before
exposing anyone to a potential fall.
v) The harness – There are no signs of
damage, deformity or wear and tear. Is
correctly fitted.
vi) The alert belayer – Has the belay
device fitted correctly. The belayer knows
how to use the device. The belayer
alert, paying attention to the climber
and performing the correct 5 point
belaying technique (covered in the Indian
Climbing Leader Award).
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Indian adventure tourism guidelines oct 2017

Indian adventure tourism guidelines oct 2017

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