veterinary medicine

1. Epidemiology & Infectious Disease CBPP
Lecturer Muna Tawfeeq
AL-Muthanna university

2. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (cbpp)
Etiology: Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides, a
Gram-negative bacteria consisting of cells bounded by
plasma membrane. Its organisms differ from other bacteria
in that they are deficient in cell walls.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is highly contagious
and generally accompanied by pleurisy.

3. Epidemiology:
 CBPP is widespread in Africa and occurs in some countries of Asia and
Europe with minor outbreaks occurring in the Middle East.
 In some localities, susceptible herds may show up to 70% morbidity,
Mortality is likely to be ~50%.
 'carrier' animals in which a pulmonary sequestrum preserves a potential
source of organisms for periods as long as 3 years
 The route of infection is by the inhalation of infective droplets from
active or carrier cases of the disease.

4. Risk factors
Animal risk factors
CBPP occurs only in cattle; rare natural cases have been
observed in buffalo, yak, bison, reindeer and antelopes,
Immune mechanisms. A strong immunity develops after an
attack of the natural disease in cattle and vaccination plays
an important part in control.
Management risk factors
The occurrence and incidence of CBPP is heavily influenced
by management systems, disease control policies and
regulations of a country, knowledge of the disease by
farmers.
Pathogen risk factors
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides is sensitive to all
environmental influences, including disinfectants, heat and
drying, and do not

5. Economic impacts
☞The direct losses are from mortality, reduced milk yield,
vaccination costs, disease surveillance and research programs
☞ The indirect costs are due to the chronic nature of the disease
including:
 Loss of weight and working ability
 Delayed marketing
 Reduced fertility
 Losses due to quarantine
 Loss of cattle trade.

6. Clinical Findings:
 In acute cases, signs include fever up to (41.5°C); anorexia; and painful,
difficult breathing ,agalactia and cessation of rumination.
 In hot climates, the animal often stands by itself in the shade, its head
lowered and extended, its back slightly arched, and its elbows turned
out.
 Auscultation reveals pleuritic friction sounds, fluid sounds and moist
gurgling crackles in the later stages of effusion.
 Edematous swellings of the throat and dewlap may occur and swelling
of the large 'movable joints may be present
 The animal becomes recumbent and dies after 1–3 wk.

8. In chronic cases the signs continue for 3–4 wk, after which
the lesions gradually resolve and the animals appear to
recover.
Subclinical cases occur and may be important as carriers.
Infected calves may present primarily with polyarthritis that is
seen as swelling of joints and lameness.

10. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
1. Isolation or detection of organism
Isolation of the organism is essential for the diagnosis.
The organism is nutritionally very fastidious and special
laboratory media is required for growth and identification
by PCR or Latex agglutination test).
2. Serological tests such as (CFT or ELISA).

11. Necropsy findings:
 The thoracic cavity may contain up to 10 L of clear yellow or turbid and
the organs in the thorax are often covered by thick deposits of fibrin.
 more than 80%–90% of cases affecting only one lung. The affected
portion is enlarged and solid. On section of the lung, the typical
marbled appearance of pleuropneumonia is evident. lungs adhering to
the chest wall.
 In chronic cases, the lesion has a necrotic center sequestered in a thick,
fibrous capsule. Organisms may survive only within the inner capsule,
and these animals may become carriers.

12. Subacute contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
(CBPP) : marbling of the lungs and distended
interstitial septa

14. Diagnosis
 Clinical signs and necropsy findings.
 Culturing and confirmation by pcr or latex.
 Serological test.(CFT or ELISA)

15. D.D
 Rinderpest,
 FMD
 Hemorrhagic
septicemia
 Theileriosis
 Ephemeral fever
 Pulmonary abscesses
 Tuberculosis
 Echinococcal(hydatid
cysts)
 Actinobacillosis
 Farcy

16. Treatment
Tylosin (10 mg/kg, IM, bid, for six injections) and
danofloxacin 2.5% (2.5 mg/kg/day for
3 consecutive days) have been reported to be
effective.

17. Control:
1. The disease is reportable by law in many countries
from which it has been eradicated by slaughter of
all infected and exposed animals.
2. In countries where cattle movement can readily be
restricted, the disease can be eradicated by
quarantine, blood testing, and slaughter.
3. Where cattle cannot be restricted, the spread of
infection can be limited by immunization with
attenuated vaccine (eg, T1/44 strain).

18. Thank you