1. Narcotic analgesics drug
muzammil khalid
Dow institute of medical technologist
Dow university of health sciences

2. Narcotics
Narcotic agents are potent analgesics
which are effective for the relief of severe
pain
Analgesics are selective central nervous
system depressants used to relieve pain
Analgesic term indicate without pain.
administration produces tolerance, psychic,
and physical dependence called addiction.

3. Narcotic (contd,)
Narcotic agents may be classified into four
categories
1) Morphine and codeine - natural alkaloids
of opium.
2) Synthetic derivatives of morphine such
as heroin.
3) Synthetic agents which resemble the
morphine structure.
4) Narcotic antagonists which are used as
antidotes for overdoses of narcotic
analgesics

4. Receptors location
There are various types of receptors for
opiates upon stimulation produces specific
functions
Muu
Kappa
Sigma
Delta
Epsilon

5. Receptors contd,
When mu receptor stimulate it produces
CRESP
Kappa stimulation produces SMS
Where as stimulation of sigma induces DH
Delta are for specific binding of enkaphalin
analgesia
antidepressant effects
physical dependence

6. Narcotics analgesic
Morphine sulphate
Meperidine
Hydromorphone
Fantanyl
Alfentanil
sufentanil

7. Other narcotics
Codeine
Oxycodone
Meperidine
Pentazocine
Dezocine
Methadone
Nalbuphine

8. Indication of narcotics
Pain control
Sedation in surgery
Analgesia
Hypnotic in case of high doses

9. Morphine effects
Analgesia
Suppression of cough
Inhibit release of norepinephrine,
acetylcholine, and substance p
Supraspinal analgesia
Open potassium channel
Preanesthetic agent

10. Morphine effects contd,
Reduces arterial resistances
Reduces ventricular workload
Myocardial pain analgesia
Relieve pulmonary congestion,
edema

11. Morphine side effects
• Addiction
Respiratory depression
Constipation
Physical dependence
Release histamine
Bronchoconstriction
Increases muscles tone
Releases vasopressin
Dark resistant meiosis

12. Morphine side effect contd,
Nausea vomiting
Increased craving
Physical dependences
Inhibits gonadotropin
Abrupt discontinuation may lead to
withdrawal symptoms
High doses can produces death due
severe respiratory depression

13. Morphine side effect contd,
CNS depression
Hypotension shock

14. Non narcotics analgesic
 Pain medications, also known as
analgesics,
 Are a type of drugs used to relieve pain.
 With no loss of consciousness to achieve
their pain-killing effect

15. Non narcotic contd,
Non-narcotic analgesics are milder forms
of the painkillers that include
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Ketorolac
Phenaopyridine

16. Non narcotic contd,
Most of non narcotics drugs produces
analgesic, antipyretic and somewhat at
higher doses has anti-inflammatory effect
Side effect are gastric ulcer, perforation
and GI bleeding

17. Non narcotic anti-inflammatory
These drugs have analgesic and very
importantly inflammatory effects
E.g. are
Indomethacin
Phenylbutazone
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Sulindic
Piroxicam

18. Side effects
Bone marrow suppression
Aplastic anemia
Edema
Ulcerogenic