conditional sentences, wish and hope, inferences

1. Conditional
sentences
Muzna AL Hooti
Wish and hope
inferences

2. What are we going to do?
ਃ wish and hope
 Present / past/ future time references.
ਃ Making inference
ਃ Exercises

3. What is the difference?
• Expresses a feeling of regret about an
event whose outcome is known or
expected.
Wish
• Expresses a feeling about an event
whose outcome is unknown.
Hope

4. Wish for
Present Time References
• I wish I knew French.
•I wish it weren’t raining right now.
•I wish I could sing.
The main verb is
simple past
The main verb is
past progressive
The main verb is could

5. • I hope the students are enjoying the class.
Hope for
Present Time References
The main verb is
present progressive

6. Wish for
Past Time Reference
• I wish Jack had come.
• I wish Mary could have come.
Past
Perfect
Could + present
perfect

7. • I hope she listened to my advice.
Hope for
Past Time Reference
• I hope you weren’t sleeping when I called.
• I hope you have done your homework.
• I hope you have been studying while I was out.
Simple Past
Past progressive
Present perfect
Present perfect
progressive

8. Wish for
Future Time Reference
• I wish (that) she would tell me.
Use would to express
a wish about the
future.

9. • I hope it rains tonight.
Hope for
Future Time Reference
• I hope he’ll admit his fault.
Simple present
Future tense

10. Summary
hopeWish
Present progressiveSimple past
Past progressive
Could
Present time
references
Simple past
Past progressive
Present perfect
Present perfect progressive
Past perfect
could+ present perfect
Past time
references
Simple present
Future tense
WouldFuture time
reference

11. Making Inferences
An inference is a conclusion based on previous
knowledge or information.
Almost any combination of tenses is possible,
depending on the meaning being expressed.
The modals should, must, have to, or ought to
are often used.

12. Previous informationInference
The polls show that people are in support
of the bill.
If the polls are correct, the bill will be
passed.
The statistics say that the number of
homeless has tripled in the last five years.
If the statistics are correct, the number of
homeless in this city has tripled in the last
five years.
The smog level is usually that high only
when there is a heat wave.
If the smog level was that high last week,
there must have been a heat wave.

13. Exercise:
• Which one is correct?
If I were in the city right now, I had a job.
If I were in the city right now, I would have a job.
If I were living in a different city, I would be happier.
If I would be living in a different city, I would be happier.
A modal is often used in the main
clause of a conditional sentence.
Will and would are not used in the if-
clause conditional sentence.

14. Thank you