Lean Security - LASCON 2016

#LEAN
SECURIT
Y@ERNESTMUELLER // THEAGILEADMIN.COM // LASCON 2016

@ERNESTMUELLER // THEAGILEADMIN.COM //
#LEANSECURITY
THEAGILEADMIN.COM
ERNEST MUELLER
JAMES WICKETT
@wickett
@ernestmueller

#LEANSECURITY
THE PRESENTATION
THAT JUST MIGHT
CHANGE YOUR LIFE…

#LEANSECURITY
COMPANIES ARE SPENDING A GREAT
DEAL ON SECURITY, BUT WE READ
OF MASSIVE COMPUTER-RELATED
ATTACKS. CLEARLY SOMETHING IS
WRONG.
THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM IS
TWOFOLD: WE’RE PROTECTING (AND
SPENDING MONEY ON PROTECTING)
THE WRONG THINGS, AND WE’RE
HURTING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE
PROCESS.
Source: Thinking Security (2005), Steven M. Bellovin

#LEANSECURITY

#LEANSECURITY
AGILE

#LEANSECURITY
WHAT IS AGILE?
• INDIVIDUALS AND INTERACTIONS
OVER PROCESSES AND TOOLS
• WORKING SOFTWARE
OVER COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION
• CUSTOMER COLLABORATION
OVER CONTRACT NEGOTIATION
• RESPONDING TO CHANGE
OVER FOLLOWING A PLAN
SOURCE: THE AGILE MANIFESTO
(HTTP://WWW.AGILEMANIFESTO.ORG/)

#LEANSECURITY
WHY AGILE?
• 45% OF ORGANIZATIONS ARE USING AGILE ON A MAJORITY OF
THEIR TEAMS
ONLY 5% ARE NOT USING IT AT ALL
• AGILE RESULTS:
• ACCELERATE PRODUCT DELIVERY - 59%
• ENHANCE ABILITY TO MANAGE CHANGING PRIORITIES - 56%
• INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY - 53%
• ENHANCE SOFTWARE QUALITY - 46%
• ENHANCE DELIVERY PREDICTABILITY - 44%
SOURCE: VERSIONONE NINTH ANNUAL STATE OF AGILE SURVEY
(HTTPS://WWW.VERSIONONE.COM/PDF/STATE-OF-AGILE-DEVELOPMENT-SURVEY-NINTH.PDF)

#LEANSECURITY
WHAT IS DEVOPS?
DEVOPS IS THE PRACTICE OF OPERATIONS AND
DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS PARTICIPATING
TOGETHER IN THE ENTIRE SERVICE LIFECYCLE,
FROM DESIGN THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS TO PRODUCTION SUPPORT.
DEVOPS IS ALSO CHARACTERIZED BY
OPERATIONS STAFF MAKING USE MANY OF THE
SAME TECHNIQUES AS DEVELOPERS FOR THEIR
SYSTEMS WORK.
SOURCE: THE AGILE ADMIN: WHAT IS DEVOPS?
HTTP://THEAGILEADMIN.COM/WHAT-IS-DEVOPS/

#LEANSECURITY
WHY DEVOPS?• BY 2016 “DEVOPS WILL EVOLVE FROM A NICHE TO A MAINSTREAM
STRATEGY EMPLOYED BY 25% OF GLOBAL 2000 ORGANIZATIONS” -
GARTNER, MARCH 2015
• BENEFITS OF DEVOPS:
• NEW SOFTWARE/SERVICES THAT WOULD OTHERWISE NOT BE
POSSIBLE - 21%
• A REDUCTION IN TIME SPENT FIXING AND MAINTAINING APPLICATIONS
- 21%
• INCREASED COLLABORATION BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS - 21%
• AN INCREASE IN REVENUE - 19%
• IMPROVED QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF OUR DEPLOYED
APPLICATIONS - 19%
SOURCE: CA RESEARCH REPORT—DEVOPS: THE WORST-KEPT SECRET TO WINNING IN THE
APPLICATION ECONOMY (HTTP://REWRITE.CA.COM/US/ARTICLES/DEVOPS/RESEARCH-REPORT--
DEVOPS-THE-WORST-KEPT-SECRET-TO-WINNING-IN-THE-APPLICATION-ECONOMY.HTML)

#LEANSECURITY
HIGH-PERFORMING IT
ORGANIZATIONS
EXPERIENCE 60X FEWER
FAILURES AND RECOVER
FROM FAILURE 168X FASTER
THAN THEIR LOWER-
PERFORMING PEERS. THEY
ALSO DEPLOY 30X MORE
FREQUENTLY WITH 200X
SHORTER LEAD TIMES.

#LEANSECURITY
LEAN

#LEANSECURITY
LEAN SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENTSEVEN PRINCIPLES:
• ELIMINATE
WASTE
• AMPLIFY
LEARNING
• DECIDE AS LATE
AS POSSIBLE
• DELIVER AS FAST
AS POSSIBLE
• EMPOWER THE
TEAM
• BUILD INTEGRITY
IN
• SEE THE WHOLE
AN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: AN AGILE TOOLKIT (2003), MARY AND TOM POPPENDIECK

#LEANSECURITY
LEAN PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT• BUILD-MEASURE-LEARN
• BUILD – MINIMUM VIABLE PRODUCT
• MEASURE – THE OUTCOME AND INTERNAL
METRICS
• LEARN – ABOUT YOUR PROBLEM AND YOUR
SOLUTION
• REPEAT – GO DEEPER WHERE IT’S NEEDED
SOURCE: LEAN STARTUP (2011), ERIC RIES

#LEANSECURITY
WHY LEAN?
• BOTH DEVOPS AND AGILE BORROW KEY
CONCEPTS FROM LEAN MANUFACTURING, SO
IT'S ALL ABOUT COMMUNICATION AND
OPENNESS." -INFORMATIONWEEK

#LEANSECURITY
WHAT ARE THE
CHALLENGES THAT
AGILE / DEVOPS /
LEAN POSE TO
INFOSEC?

#LEANSECURITY
INSTEAD, EXAMINE HOW
ADOPTING THESE
STRATEGIES CAN HELP
YOU WIN

#LEANSECURITY
LEAN SECURITY IS
FOR WINNERS

#LEANSECURITY
THE SIX-FOLD PATH
OF LEAN SECURITY
(AND HOW TO WIN)

#LEANSECURITY
#1
SECURITY IS JUST
BEANCOUNTING

#LEANSECURITY
“[RISK ASSESSMENT]
INTRODUCES A DANGEROUS
FALLACY: THAT STRUCTURED
INADEQUACY IS ALMOST AS
GOOD AS ADEQUACY AND
THAT UNDERFUNDED
SECURITY EFFORTS PLUS
RISK MANAGEMENT ARE
ABOUT AS GOOD AS
PROPERLY FUNDED SECURITY
WORK”SOURCE: THE TANGLED WEB (2011), MICHAEL ZALEWSKI

#LEANSECURITY
WE TRADED ENGINEERING
FOR ACTUARIAL DUTIES

#LEANSECURITY
A SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROVIDES OPTIMAL
VALUE TO THE ORGANIZATION IF IT:
• ACTIVELY SUPPORTS ACHIEVING THE BUSINESS AND
COMPLIANCE OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANIZATION
(THE VARIABLE PART)
• IS AN EFFICIENT, AGILE AND INTEGRATED PROCESS,
CAPABLE OF DEALING WITH A DYNAMIC THREAT
ENVIRONMENT
• CONSUMES MINIMAL TIME AND RESOURCES
• RESULTS IN ADEQUATELY MANAGED SECURITY RISK,
IN LINE WITH THE RISK APPETITE OF THE
ORGANIZATION
• PROVIDES ONLY THE NECESSARY, YET ADEQUATE,
USER FRIENDLY, EFFICIENT AND MEASURABLE
SECURITY CONTROLS
SOURCE: JOHAN BAKKER, LEAN SECURITY MANAGEMENT WHITE PAPER

#LEANSECURITY
UNDERSTAND THE
VALUE YOUR
ORGANIZATION
NEEDS FROM YOU

#LEANSECURITY
#2
SECURITY IS A
BOTTLENECK

#LEANSECURITY
THE AVERAGE TIME TO
DELIVER CORPORATE IT
PROJECTS HAS INCREASED
FROM ~8.5 MONTHS TO OVER
10 MONTHS IN THE LAST 5
YEARS
Revving up your Corporate RPMs, Fortune Magazine, Feb 1, 2016

#LEANSECURITY
WHY ARE COMPANIES SO SLOW?
THE GROWTH OF CONTROL AND
RISK MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
WHICH IS TOO OFTEN POORLY
COORDINATED… RESULTING IN] A
PROLIFERATION OF NEW TASKS IN
THE AREAS OF COMPLIANCE,
PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION.
Revving up your Corporate RPMs, Fortune Magazine, Feb 1, 2016

#LEANSECURITY
THE THREE WASTES
• MUDA - WORK WHICH ABSORBS RESOURCE
BUT ADDS NO VALUE
• MURI - UNREASONABLE WORK THAT IS
IMPOSED ON WORKERS AND MACHINES
• MURA - WORK COMING IN DRIBS AND
DRABS WITH SUDDEN PERIODS OF RUSH
RATHER THAN A CONSTANT OR REGULAR
FLOW, UNEVENNESS.

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY WASTE
MUDA COMES IN SEVEN FORMS:
• EXCESS INVENTORY - DUMPING YOUR THOUSAND
PAGE PDF OF VULNERABILITIES ON A BUSY TEAM.
PRIORITIZE AND LIMIT WORK IN PROGRESS (WIP)
• OVERPRODUCTION - SECURITY CONTROLS STEMMING
FROM FUD OR MISALIGNMENT WITH BUSINESS NEEDS
(NOT DEMANDED BY ACTUAL CUSTOMERS) - CF.
PHOENIX PROJECT
• EXTRA PROCESSING - FOR EXAMPLE, RELYING ON
COMPLIANCE TESTING RATHER THAN DESIGNING THE
PROCESS TO ELIMINATE PROBLEMS - HELP IT GET
BUILT RIGHT FIRST

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY WASTE
• HANDOFFS - LEVERAGE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TEAMS
DOING THE WORK AND COLLABORATE WITH THEM TO
BUILD SECURITY IN, INSTEAD OF THAT BEING SOME
OTHER TEAM’S JOB
• WAITING - LAG BETWEEN VALUE STEPS WAITING FOR
APPROVALS OR ANALYSES OR TICKET HANDLING - USE
SELF SERVICE AUTOMATION INSTEAD
• TASK SWITCHING - THE THOUSAND PAGE PDF AGAIN -
WORK WITH THEIR WORK INTAKE PROCESS NOT AGAINST
IT
• DEFECTS - FALSE POSITIVES AND FALSE NEGATIVES AND
JUST PLAIN UNIMPORTANT FINDINGS YOU REPORT
CAUSING ZERO-VALUE REWORK

#LEANSECURITY
UNDERSTAND THE
WASTE THAT YOU
GENERATE

#LEANSECURITY
#3
SECURITY IS
INVISIBLE

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY
PROFESSIONALS
ARE QUICK TO SAY
SECURITY IS
EVERYONE’S JOB

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY COULD
LEARN FROM WEB
PERFORMANCE
CIRCA 2008

#LEANSECURITY
PERFORMANCE
• BROWSER EXTENSIONS FOR DEVS TO
UNDERSTAND PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS
• RESEARCH SHOWING PERFORMANCE TO
REVENUE CORRELATION
• SEARCHABLE LOGS EMITTING STATSD METRICS
• CONFERENCES COMBINING FRONT END DEVS AND
SYS ADMINS
• COMMITMENT TO INSTRUMENT AND GRAPH ALL
THE THINGS

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY
• BROWSER EXTENSIONS FOR DEVS TO
UNDERSTAND SECURITY PROBLEMS
• RESEARCH SHOWING SECURITY TO REVENUE
CORRELATION
• SEARCHABLE LOGS EMITTING STATSD METRICS
• CONFERENCES COMBINING DEVS, OPS, AND
SECURITY
• COMMITMENT TO INSTRUMENT AND GRAPH ALL
THE THINGS

#LEANSECURITY
SEE THE WHOLE
• KEEP MEANINGFUL METRICS, MAKE THOSE
METRICS VISIBLE - IN CONTEXT OF
WORKERS’ TOOLCHAIN
• “LEAST PRIVILEGE” NEEDS TO BE
UNLEARNED SOMEWHAT IN MODERN
ORGANIZATIONS TO ALLOW EFFECTIVE
INFORMATION SHARING
• GET IN BUSINESS OF SHARING AND ADDING
VISIBILITY TO DEV AND TO OPS.

#LEANSECURITY
VISUALIZE
SECURITY SO
EVERYONE CAN
SEE

#LEANSECURITY
#4
SECURITY IS ALWAYS
TOO LATE

#LEANSECURITY
– W. EDWARDS DEMING
“CEASE DEPENDENCE ON MASS
INSPECTION TO ACHIEVE QUALITY.
IMPROVE THE PROCESS AND BUILD
QUALITY INTO THE PRODUCT IN THE
FIRST PLACE."

SOURCE: THE THREE WAYS
OF DEVOPS, GENE KIM

#LEANSECURITY
BE MEAN TO YOUR
CODE
EARLIER IN THE
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
ENTER GAUNTLT…

#LEANSECURITY
@slow @final
Feature: Look for cross site scripting (xss) using arachni
against a URL
Scenario: Using arachni, look for cross site scripting and
verify no issues are found
Given "arachni" is installed
And the following profile:
| name | value |
| url | http://localhost:8008 |
When I launch an "arachni" attack with:
"""
arachni —check=xss* <url>
"""
Then the output should contain "0 issues were detected."
Given
When
Then
What?
AN ATTACK LANGUAGE FOR DEVOPS

#LEANSECURITY
http://theagileadmin.com/2015/06/09/
pragmatic-security-and-rugged-devops/

#LEANSECURITY
GENERATE SECURITY
FEEDBACK IN EACH
STEP IN THE VALUE
STREAM

#LEANSECURITY
#5
SECURITY IS ALWAYS IN
THE WAY

#LEANSECURITY
ARE YOU “THAT
GUY?”• YOU ALREADY KNOW
YOU CAN’T MAKE
THINGS SECURE BY
YOURSELF
• YOU NEED EVERYONE
ELSE TO COOPERATE
WITH YOU
• BUT DOES IT SEEM
LIKE THE THINGS YOU
DO JUST ANGER
THEM?

#LEANSECURITY
EMPOWER THE TEAM
• UNDERSTAND HUMAN
MOTIVATION
• NETFLIX AUTOMATION
CREATED SAFE PATHS
AS THE DEFAULT
• AUTOMATING PROCESS
REMOVES EMOTIONAL
CHARGE

#LEANSECURITY
SELF SERVICE
AUTOMATION

#LEANSECURITY
#6
SECURITY IS PERFECTIONIST
AND IS THEREFORE
UNREALISTIC

#LEANSECURITY
SECURITY IS YOUR
PRODUCT

#LEANSECURITY
BUILD-MEASURE-
LEARN• DELIVER MINIMAL VIABLE SECURITY ACROSS
EVERYTHING
• FOCUS ON DETECTION/METRIC GATHERING
• ITERATE FROM THERE
• REMEMBER THE WEAKEST LINK WINS
• OVERLAP SMALLER SOLUTIONS - SEE JOSH
MORE’S OWASP 2012 “LEAN SECURITY 101”
PRESENTATION

#LEANSECURITY
MANAGE YOUR
PRODUCT

#LEANSECURITY
WE’VE BEEN THERE

#LEANSECURITY
QUESTIONS?

#LEANSECURITY
THEAGILEADMIN.COM
ERNEST MUELLER
@ernestmueller

Lean Security - LASCON 2016

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