Data Centre Hubs: Where to Next by Lim Kok Chen, Ciena

2. 2 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Abundance of market drivers for high data growth 24.3B hours watched on Twitch in 2021 (Source: TwitchTracker.com) $1.3 Trillion spent on cloud services by 2025 (Source: IDC) 50% of upstream traffic in APAC is Cloud (Source: Sandvine) 54% of Internet traffic is streaming video in 1H 2021 (Source: Sandvine) 500+ hours of content uploaded to YouTube every minute (Source: YouTube) 6% of internet traffic from gaming in 1H 2021 (Source: Sandvine) 175.5B Market size for telemedicine in 2025 (Source: Deloitte) 201M connected cars sold in the US by 2025 (Source: IHS Markit) 27.1B IoT devices by 2025 (Source: iot-analytics) 650-750 # of GB/month for average home internet b/w usage in 2021 (Source: Sandvine) From 2018-2020 more data was generated than in all of human history before 2018 (Source: Daigle, Brian, “Data Centers Around the World: A Quick Look”)

3. 3 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Global Data Center Expansion Continues • 700 hyperscale datacenters globally (Source: Synergy Research Group, Nov 2021) • 314 additional planned or under construction • 52 new in 2020 • 59 new in 2019 • New construction in 2020: • Europe added 70+ small data center projects worth $1.5B+ • North America added over 50 small DC projects • APAC data center construction included 35+ small projects, which contributed $600M+ in revenue Source: Research and Markets.com, 2020 • APAC data center construction forecasted to cross $100B from 2022-2027 (Source: Arizton, Data Center Construction Market Scope Report, 2022) Data Center Locations Worldwide Network providers need a way to efficiently scale and provide connectivity to more locations Source: 2022, https://www.datacentermap.com/

4. 4 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Interconnect Bandwidth is growing across a variety of industries Interconnect bandwidth, fueled by growth from different industries 21,485+ Tbps by 2024 Forecasted compound growth rate 44% CAGR Zettabytes (ZB) per year 85 ZB/year Source: https://www.equinix.sg/content/dam/eqxcorp/en_us/documents/insights/GXI_Vol5_EN_US.pdf

5. 5 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Data Gravity1 Index Formula2 ( DM x DA x BW ) / L2 Data Mass Data Activity Bandwidth Latency 1. Dave McCrory, Data Gravity in the Clouds, December 2010 2. Digital Realty Market Intelligence & Analytics, September 2020 Network The gravitational pull of data affects the surrounding services and applications

6. 6 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Data Centers – Data is Stored or Held – Data Mass https://www.datacenters.com/locations?map=true&query=&withProducts=false&showHidden=false&nearby=false&radius=0&bounds=&circleBounds=&polygonPath= Interconnect bandwidth is a multiplier to Data Gravity

7. 7 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Interconnect Networks Global/Submarine Campus Region Long Haul Less than 10km 10km to 80km 80km to 2,000km 5,000km to >10,000km

8. 8 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Content and Cloud providers: market trends • Bring services to new metros / closer to end users • Improve service quality / reliability • Lower network Latency 10s km Metro datacenter build out • New fiber rails • Flexible grid adoption • Next generation high baud rate transponder • Expansion into L-band Remote datacenter capacity expansion driving demand for increased LH capacity Lower Latency, Higher Data Gravity, Higher Potential

9. 9 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. APAC Submarine Cable Map Metro 2020 2024 Tokyo 1 1 Beijing 2 2 Hong Kong 3 3 Singapore 4 4 Seoul 5 5 Shanghai 6 6 Bangkok 7 7 Osaka 8 9 Jakarta 9 8 Kuala Lumpur 10 10 Digital Realty Market Intelligence & Analytics, September 2020 Data Gravity Index Top 10 Metro in Asia The accumulation of data mass makes it harder to change!

12. 12 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Data Center Hubs: Where to Next • Space and Power • Domestic Connectivity • International Connectivity • Regulations • Security • Efficiency and Sustainability • Cost Data Gravity1 1. Dave McCrory, Data Gravity in the Clouds, December 2010

13. 13 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Common Requirements for DCI Data Center Growth/Distribution Capacity limited by real estate, power, or the physical connectivity available Need to distribute data center infrastructures for flexibility and reliability Fiber utilization Reconcile growing traffic with finite fiber capacity available Avoid new fiber buildouts as long as possible Openness and disaggregation Operating models relying on open source software and standardized hardware building blocks. Platforms support open APIs to ease back-office integration efforts Photonic layer scale and simplicity Highly scalable solutions are desirable for the photonic layer in terms of nodal degrees and support for colorless add/drop Security With data protection requirements increasing daily, ensuring DCI security through encryption and traffic isolation become increasingly important

14. 14 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Network Resiliency: market trends • Simple • Unprotected with lowest SLA 1+0 Unprotected DCI Links • Mesh network • 1+1 protected with Restoration capability • High network resiliency Mesh Restoration DCI Network • 1+1 Switching protected network • Cost effective Optical Protected DCI Network 1+1 • Costly • High level of network resiliency 1+0 Dedicated Duplicate DCI Links 1+0

15. 15 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2020. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. 100s to 1000s km 10s km Addressing the need for Massive Scale Coherent technology is playing an increasingly critical role in solving networking business challenges 10s to 1000s km Network capacity Cost Reduction Competitiveness 10,000km

16. 16 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2022. All rights reserved. Proprietary information. Dramatic capacity and density improvements from next-gen coherent 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 2005 WL 10G 2008 WL2 40G 2009 WL2 100G 2012 WL3 200G 2017 WLAi 400G 2020 WL5 800G Data Transmission per Wavelength (Gb/s) 80x throughput increase >80% less footprint & power 200G 400G 800G

17. 17 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2022. All rights reserved. Proprietary information. Multi-generational environmental sustainability benefit * Environmental Protection Agency 78M+ Equal to carbon sequestered by:* 530M+ 5.2B+ Equivalent to CO2 emissions from:* Gallons of gasoline consumed Pounds of coal burned Tree seedlings grown for 10 years

18. 18 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2021. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Cloud Exchange Cloud Service Cloud Service Ciena has the answer for Next-Gen DCI 6500 RLS 6500 RLS 6500 RLS 6500 RLS Data Center 1 Cloud Exchange Cloud Service Cloud Service Data Center 3 Waveserver family 3,000 km Waveserver family 80 km Data Center 2 Internet Exchange Compact, modular interconnect and photonic line ISP ISP Waveserver family MCP Open APIs CLI Intelligent Network Control MCP Applications and Analytics Manage, Control, and Plan Liquid Spectrum™ Channel Margin Gauge Photonic Performance Gauge PinPoint OTDR Waveserver family 6500 RLS Ciena Services PlannerPlus Emulation Cloud Bandwidth Optimizer Optimization service Proactive support MCP services

19. 19 Copyright © Ciena Corporation 2019. All rights reserved. Confidential & Proprietary. Summary • Data gravity is shaping our network • Content and cloud service providers will continue dominating the global communication network • Malaysia is potentially be the next key data center hub – everyone has a role to play • Networking system companies like Ciena will continue the network innovation and deliver technologies that meet the ever-changing environment

Data Centre Hubs: Where to Next by Lim Kok Chen, Ciena

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