Emergent Methods: Multi-lingual narrative tracking in the news - real-time ex...
Lecture 4 canadian soil classification
1. Introduction to Soils and Soil
Resources 2001
Lecture 4
Legal Land Location, Soil Inventory,
Module 1 review
2. Tonight
Assignment 2 and Catena due
Lab manual hand out
Lab groups for Feb 10
Legal Land Survey
Soil Survey
Review
3. Morning Lab Section
Quentin Bochar
Fred Bowker
Brenda
Clements
Matt Corrigan
Lois Dvorsky
Shannon Hall
Junko Ishida
Ivan Mazur
Rory Ryder
David Sidlick
Warren Taylor
Graham Wilson
4. Afternoon Lab Section
Carlos Arregoces
Barry Eastwood
Jana Erickson
Joyce Gould
Sarah Laurence
Mylo Mantai
DonnaRae
Paquette
Howard Preston
Barry Robinson
Anne Sagert
David Slade
Dan Sliwkanich
Janet Stahl
Jay Wiseman
5. Reading
Chapter 12 of text book
Lab manual
For review read chapters 1 - 5 of text
book
6. Legal Land Survey
Land in the Prairie Provinces is divided
into parcels using a regular grid pattern.
The legal location of a particular parcel of
land is designated by its location within
the grid.
8. Legal Land Survey
49th parallel on the south
110o
W longitude - fourth meridian
(Alberta Saskatchewan border)
9. Legal Land Survey
A township is that tract of land bounded
on the east and west sides by range lines
and on the north and south sides by
township lines.
It is a square with sides of approximately
6 miles.
11. Base lines
Start at 49th parallel
Second baseline is 24 miles north of this
Base lines every 24 miles north
Drawn horizontally from East to West
Divide the grid into strips
12. Range lines
Start at 4th Meridian
Numbered to the West of this
Six miles apart from each other
Projected 12 miles North
Divide the grid North to South
Converge to the North
13. Correction lines
Due to curve of the Earth
Range lines converge
Correction lines used to offset the
range lines
15. Legal Land Survey
Townships are divided into 36 sections.
Each is approximately 1.6 km (1 mile)
square and contains about 260 hectares
or 640 acres.
16. Legal Land Survey
Each section is divided into quarter
sections designated as NE, NW, SE, and
SW.
The legal description or location of a
quarter section includes in order from left
to right the quarter designation, the
section, township, and range numbers
and the nearest meridian to the east.
22. Soils of Alberta
South East to North West Trend
dry to wetter climate
short grass to forest vegetation
moraine to colluvial parent material
23. Soils of Alberta
Brown Chernozemic in SE
Dark Brown Chernozemic
Black Chernozemic
Dark Gray Chernozemic
Gray Luvisols
Brunisols
Organic Soils
24.
25. Soil Survey
Soil survey reports, including maps of the
area surveyed and description of the soils,
have been published for most important
agriculture, forestry, and recreational
regions of the region
26. Soil Survey (2)
Surveyors develop mental concepts or
models of how soils are distributed across
the study area.
27. Soil Survey (3)
During the mapping process, portions of
the map area are delineated such that
variability within the delineated area is
less than the variability found in the entire
area.
28. Soil Survey (4)
Suppose you encounter the following
description for a polygon:
Ar4 Fn3 On3
Letters represent map units;
Digits represent proportion of the landscape
29. Soil Survey (5)
Suppose you encounter the following
description for a polygon:
Ar4 Fn3 On3
Ar: Angus Ridge (Eluviated Black Chernozem)
Fn: Falun (Orthic Dark Gray Luvisol)
On: Onoway (Orthic Humic Gleysol)
30. Soil Survey (6)
Recent soil survey reports contain detailed
information. For example:
Map symbol: Ar
Map unit: Angus Ridge
Soil Group: Eluviat ed Black
Dominant Texture: Loam
Parent Material: Till
31. Soil Survey (7)
Drainage Class: Well drained
Topography: Undulat ing to
moderately rolling
Stoniness: Slightly stony
33. Exam hint
There will not be any questions on legal
land location or soil survey on the
Module 1 exam
Legal land location and soil survey will
be used in lab 2 on March 10
34. Review of Module 1
Terminology
What is soil?
Soil components
Horizons
Texture
Structure
Colour
35. Review of module 1
Soil Formation
Weathering
Soil Development
Horizon Development
Soil Classification
Chernozems, Luvisols and Solonetz
55. Illuviation
The process of depositing soil
material removed from one horizon in
the soil to another, usually from an
upper to a lower in the soil profile.
56. Illuvial horizon
A soil horizon in which material
carried from an overlying layer has
been precipitated from solution or
deposited from suspension as a layer
of accumulation.
57. Translocation
The movement of soil materials in
solution or suspension from one
horizon to another.
Movement can be in any direction
within the soil profile
58. Leaching
The removal from the soil of materials
in solution.
The material has moved out of the
soil profile, usually into the ground
water.
59. Transportation
The movement of materials in the soil
from one horizon to another by any
means such as
water
animals
frost heave
64. Chernozemic Soils
Develop under continental climate
typically grassland
well to imperfectly drained
OM accumulation > decomposition
Must have an Ah >10 cm
65. Great Groups of
Chernozems
There are four
Differentiated based on the colour of
the A horizon
Processes happening in a
Chernozem
72. Great Groups of Luvisols
There are two
Differentiated based on
type of vegetation under which they
develop
climate
73. Subgroups
Differentiated on the basis of the kind
and arrangement of horizons that
indicate conformity to the central
concept of the great group
74. Subgroups
Orthic - most like the great group, no
dominant processes other than those
used to classify the Great Group present.
Gleyed - like the great group but gleyed
Eluviated - like the great group but with
an eluviated horizon
75. Examples
Great group : Black Chernozem
Orthic Black Chernozem is not gleyed
(Gleyed) not eluviated (Eluviated), not
sitting on top of rock (Rego) or
containing calcareous material
(Calcareous)
76. Subgroups
Differentiated using conformity to great
group (e.g. Orthic)
Differentiated on basis or intergrading
towards another soil order (e.g. Gleyed)
Differentiated on special features within
the control section (e.g. Vertic)
77. Module 1 Examination
Room 2-36 Earth Sciences Building
Starts at noon
I hr exam
bring a calculator
show all working
Good luck!
78. Lab Saturday Feb 10
Group 1: 9 am to noon
Group 2: 1 pm to 4 pm
Lab held in 2-44 Earth Sciences
Building
Lab TA is Garth Wruck
Have fun!