This document discusses image processing techniques in MATLAB. It begins with an introduction to MATLAB and its uses for numerical computation, data analysis, and algorithm development. It then covers image processing basics like image formats and color models. The main techniques discussed are enhancement, restoration, watermarking, cryptography, steganography, and image fusion. Examples of algorithms and real-world applications are also provided.

1. IMAGE PROCESSING
ON MATLAB
PRESENTED BY
RM.NAATCHAMMAI
(III-ECE)

2. ABSTRACT
1. MATLAB introduction-commands-operators-
functions-GUI
2. Image Processing Basics formats of image, colors
3. Techniques:enhancement,restoration,water
marking,cryptography,steganography,image
fusions
4. Algorithms-example programs
5. Real-time applications-project based ideas.

3. Introduction
 MATLAB  MATrix LABoratory
 Developed by CleveMoler in 1984 as a teaching tool
 High performance language for technical computing
 Typical uses are,
numerical computation
 Data analysis ,plotting and visualization
 Graphical user interface building
Algorithm development and modelling

4. General Purpose Commands
 clc , clear ,close all
 save
 who , whos
 cd , ls
 disp
 Version
 Pwd
 Floor,round,abs
 date

5.  ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
 +:ADD,-:SUB,*:MATRIX MUL,/:MATRIX DIV,
 .*:ARRAY MUL,./:ARRAY DIV
 LOGICAL OPERATORS
 AND &,OR |,NOT~
 RELATIONAL OPERATORS
 <,==,>,<=,>=,~=.
 BITWISE OPERATORS
 Bitand ,bitcmp,bitor,bitmax,bitxor,
bitset,Bitget,bitshift

6. FUNCTIONS
 PLOT linear plot
 STEM discrete plot
 GRID add grid lines
 XLABEL add X-axis label
 YLABEL add Y-axis label
 TITLE add graph title
 SUBPLOTdivide figure window
 FIGURE create new figure window
 PAUSE wait for user response

7. GUI FILE&M-FILE IN MATLAB
 Usually matlab has two file formats they are,
 M-file
 Gui –file
 GUI FILE:A graphical user interface (GUI) is a user
interface built with graphical objects, such as
buttons, text fields, sliders, and menus. In general,
these objects already have meanings to most
computer users.
 M-FILE: It is built with codings,here we use coding
to run the programs.

8. USER INTERFACE CONTROLS
 Push Buttons
 Toggle Buttons
 Radio Buttons
 Checkboxes
 Popup Menus
 Edit Text
 Axes
 Static Text
 Figures

9. IMAGE PROCESSING
o Image –It is define as the group of pixels
o Image formats
o .JPG/.JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
o .GIF - Graphics Interchangeable Format
o .TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
o .PNG - Portable Network Graphics
o .BMP - Bitmap format
o Applications of image processing
o Research
o Survillence
o Medical

10. oPRIMARY COLOURS
oSECONDARY COLOURS
oCODE CONVERSION

11. IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
oEnhancement
o Restoration
o Watermarking
oCryptography
oSteganography
oFusion
o Retrieval
oSegmentation

13. WATER MARKING
• Water Marking – Embed the secret image in an
image or any type of multimedia data.
• We should hide the image without changing
original image quality.
• Water marking is used only for copyright
protection
• The applications of water marking are,
• Tele – broadcasting
• Web-applications
• There are two types of water marking they are,
• Visible water marking
• Invisible water marking

14. STEGANOGRAPHY
o Hiding a Secret data in Digital Images without affecting the
quality of Medium. This image is called as StegoImage.
Original Image Stego Image
Application
o Send secret communication like Military applications

15. Fusion – Process of Combining two different
scanned images to get a single image having
more relevant information of those twos
Types:
Pixel Level Fusion
Feature Level Fusion
Decision Level Fusion
IMAGE FUSION
Rule1: Averaging
Rule2: Maximum
Rule3: Minimum

16. SEGMENTATION OUTPUT
Cluster1 Cluster2
Cluster3 Cluster4

17. TO READ AN IMAGE
a =imread('cameraman.tif');
imshow(a);
ADD TWO IMAGES
I = imread(‘rice.tif');
J = imread('cameraman.tif');
K = imadd(I,J,'uint16');
imshow(K,[])

18. CONVERT IMAGE TO GRAY AND
BINARY
clc;
clear;
close all
a= imread(‘peppers.png');
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
subplot(2,2,2);
b=imresize(a,[256 256]);
imshow(b);
subplot(2,2,3);
c=rgb2gray(b);
imshow(c);
subplot(2,2,4);
d=im2bw(c);
imshow(d);

19. RGB COMPONENT
a=imread(‘peppers.png’)
subplot(2,2,1);
imshow(a);
[r c p]=size(a)
R=a;
G=a;
B=a;
R(:,:,2:3)=0;
subplot(2,2,2);
imshow(R);
G(:,:,1)=0;
G(:,:,3)=0;
subplot(2,2,3);
imshow(G);
B(:,:,1)=0;
B(:,:,2)=0;
subplot(2,2,4);
imshow(B);

20. a=imread(‘rice.png’);
figure; imshow(a);
b=imnoise(a,’salt & pepper’,0.02)
Figure;
Imshow(B);
c=medfilt2(b);
Figure;
Imshow(c)
FILTER TO REMOVE THE NOISES