This slide contains information regarding Nutrition of family and community. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
5. • Figuring out what to eat after work is mentally draining
• You feel like you eat too much costly & unhealthy fast food
• You keep gaining weight and want to have more energy
• When you do cook it’s stressful and not enjoyable
• You find it difficult to consistently cook at home
• It’s much too expensive to eat out all the time
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6. Meal Planning
• Meal planning is making a plan of meals with adequate nutrition for every
members of the family within the available resources in terms of time
energy and money.
• Meal planning is important for meeting the nutritional requirement of the
family members. It helps us to decide what to eat each day and in each
meal.
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7. Purpose of meal planning
• Fulfill the nutritional needs of the family members.
• Make the food economical
• To provide varieties of foods & needs the nutritive value
• Save energy, time and money
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8. Meal planning depends on
• The number of meal eaten by an individual or family within a specific
time
• Appropriate time when meal are eaten
• Components of individual meal
• The home estimated budget
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20. Types of diet
• Diabetic diet
• Diet in Hypertension
• Renal diet
• Lactating mother diet
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21. Diabetic diet
• Meal planning for a day for a diabetic patients should include all the
necessary carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals and yet sufficient
for a day activities.
• According to body weight approx. 1600-2800 calories per day.
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22. • Strenuous activities: extra calories for the accomplishment of
that particular work.
• An increase or decrease of insulin and hypoglycemic drugs may
be according to his/her dietary intake and activities.
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23. Healthy diabetic diet include:
• Limiting foods that are high in sugar.
• Eating smaller portions, spread out over the day.
• Being careful about when and how many carbohydrates to eat.
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24. Contd.
• Eating a variety of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables every day.
• Eating less fat
• Limiting use of alcohol
• Using less salt
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25. Diabetes Superfoods.
List of superfoods to include in diet:
i. Beans: High in fiber, giving about 1/3 of daily requirement in just ½ cup, and
are also good source of magnesium and potassium. ½ cup provides as much as
an ounce of meat without saturated fats.
ii. Dark green leafy vegetables: Spinach, collards, kale – these powerhouse foods
are as low in calories and carbohydrates.
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26. iii. Citrus fruits: Grape, oranges, lemons and limes are rich in fiber and
vitamin C.
iv. Sweet potatoes: A starchy vegetable packed full of vitamin A and fiber.
Try in place of regular potatoes for a lower GI alternative.
v. Berries: Blueberries, strawberries or another variety are all packed with
antioxidants, vitamins and fiber.
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27. vi. Protein foods: Foods high in protein such as fish, chicken(without skin
for less saturated fat and cholesterol), meats, soy products, and cheese,
are all called “protein foods also referred to as meats or meat
substitutes”.
Meats do not contain carbohydrate so they do not raise blood glucose
levels. A balanced meal plan usually has about 2-5 ounces of meat.
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28. vii. Whole grains: Entire grain which includes the bran, germ and
endosperm (starchy part). E.g.. of whole grain: wheat products include
100% whole wheat bread, pasta, whole wheat flour, whole oats, whole
grain corn, brown rice, barley, millet etc. are the best choice.
viii.Starchy vegetables: Great source of vitamins, minerals and fiber. Potato,
pumpkin, green peas, corn etc.
ix. Tomatoes: Either pureed, raw or in a sauce. They are rich in vital
nutrients like vitamin C, iron, vitamin E.
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29. viii.Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids: Salmon best choice.
ix. Nuts: Rich in magnesium and fiber. Some nuts and seeds such as
walnuts and flax seeds also contain omega-3 fatty acids.
x. Fat-free milk and yoghurt: good source of calcium and vitamin D.
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30. Diet in hypertension
• Dietary modification in hypertension includes low calorie, low fat, sodium diet
with normal protein and carbohydrate
• Calorie: 20kcal per kg body weight
• Protein: 1gm per kg body weight
• Fats: Restricted (intake may cause atherosclerosis). Avoid animal fats. Vegetable
oil in moderate amount.
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31. • Carbohydrates: As specified in balanced diet.
• Salt: 2-3 gms per day or less depending on severity of hypertension. Salted
food like peanuts, nuts, potato chips, popcorn, and salted biscuits should
be avoided.
• Smoking or tobacco chewing: Strictly prohibited.
• Preserved foods like pickles, canned food, ketchup and sauces should be
avoided. Baking powder should not be consumed.
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32. DASH diet
• Low salt Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is proven to help
lower blood pressure.
• Its effect on blood pressure are sometime seen within a few weeks.
• This diet is rich in important nutrients and fiber.
• It also includes foods that are higher in potassium, calcium, magnesium lower in
sodium.
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33. Goals of DASH diet
• Limit sodium to no more than 2,300mg a day (eating only 1,500 mg a day is an
even better goal)
• Reduce saturated fat to no more than 6% of daily calories and total fat to 27% of
daily calories.
• When choosing fats, select monounsaturated oils such as olive or canola oil.
• Choose whole grain over white flour or pasta products.
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34. Contd.
• Choose fresh fruits and vegetables every day. Many of these are rich in
potassium, fiber or both.
• Eat nuts, seeds, or legumes daily.
• Choose modest amount of protein (no more than 18% of total daily calories)
Fish, skinless poultry, and soy products are the best protein sources.
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35. Contd..
• Other daily nutrient goals in the DASH diet include limiting carbohydrates
to 55% of daily calories and dietary cholesterol to 150mg. Try to get at
least 30g of daily fiber.
• Check with your provider before you increase the potassium in your diet.
People who have kidney problems or who take certain medicines must be
careful about how much potassium they consume.
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38. DASH diet tips
• Add a serving of vegetables at lunch and at dinner.
• Add a serving of fruit to your meals or as a snack. Canned and dried fruits
are easy to use, but check that they don’t have added sugar.
• Use only half your typical serving of butter and use low fat or fat free
condiments.
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39. Contd.
• Drink low fat or skim dairy products any time you would normally use full fat or
cream.
• Limit meat to 6 ounces a day. Make some meals vegetarian.
• Add more vegetables and dry beans to your diet.
• Instead of snacking on chips or sweets, eat unsalted nuts, raisins, low-fat and fat-
free yoghurt, unsalted plain popcorn with no butter and raw vegetables.
• Read food labels to choose products that are lower in sodium.
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40. Renal diet
The management of renal diet depends on the disease condition related to
urinary system.
• Sodium: Too much sodium can be harmful for people with kidney disease
as the kidneys cannot eliminate excess sodium and fluid from the body.
• Potassium: The kidneys help to keep the right amount of potassium in body
and eliminate excess amounts into the urine. When kidneys fail they no
longer can remove excess potassium. SO potassium intake should be
lessened. Limit milk and dairy products to 8oz/day.
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41. • Calcium and phosphorus: In the early stage of chronic kidney disease,
phosphorus levels in blood can get high. Limit the amount of dairy
products because they contain large amount of phosphorus. Fruits and
vegetables contain only small amount of phosphorus, but may contain
large amounts of potassium.
Calcium supplements may be required to prevent bone disease, and vitamin
D to control the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
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42. Contd.
• Fluids: Fluid control is important for patients in the later stages of chronic
kidney disease because normal fluid consumption may cause fluid buildup
in the body which could become dangerous.
• A fluid allowance for patients is calculated on an individual basis
depending on urine output and dialysis setting.
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