This document discusses the components and types of paragraphs. It defines a paragraph and lists its key elements as having a main idea, supporting details, and unity. The document then examines different types of paragraphs such as narrative, expository, definition, description, comparison, process analysis, and persuasive. It also covers topics like paragraph structure, including topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences. Finally, the document distinguishes between fiction and non-fiction narratives and lists some basic characteristics of narrative writing.

1. B.ED-10P1
DEVELOPMENT OF
COMMMUNICATION SKILLS

2. ACTIVITY 6
NARRATION AND PARAGRAPH WRITING
PRESENTED BY
FARAH KHURSHEED
NAGMA NISAR
FARHEEN SHAMA
FASNA MUSTHAFA P
TAYYABA KHAN
PRIYANKA VARSHNEY
ZEBA RUKHSAR

3. What is paragraph?
 A group of sentences
 A clear main idea
 Supporting information
 Part of a longer composition
 A miniature essay

4. Components of paragraph
 Unity
 Adequate development
 Formulation of controlling idea
 Explanation of idea
 Completion of paragraph or transition into next
paragraph
 length

5.  TRANSITION
Paragraph 1 The cat reminds of Garfield. He reminds me
of Garfield because he is orange. They look alike.
Paragraph 2 Additionally, there are other ways that the
cat looks like Garfield. Both the cat and Garfield have brown
strips and green eyes. They are identical.
Transition word

6. e.g. The sun marches over our heads through the
fields of blue, burns the horizon beyond our wake,
yields to the stars, purples the east, and rises before
us again.
 LENGTH
Length and appearance do not determine
whether a section is a paragraph.

7. Supporting sentence 1
Concluding sentence
Topic sentence
Supporting sentence 2
Supporting sentence 3
Gives main
idea
Guides the
reader
Develop
topic
sentence.
Includes
information
the reader
needs in
order to
understand
the
paragraph
Signals
end of the
paragraph.
Sums up
the
paragraph

8. There are several possible reasons why my father is in
excellent health. (TOPIC SENTENCE)
First, he is in excellent condition because he has
stopped smoking cigarettes. Second, he also has good
health as a result of stopping eating the wrong kind of
food. Third, he is in good physical shape for he
exercises a lot. (SUPPORTING SENTENCE)
In short my father is in better condition than some of
his children are. (CONCLUDING SENTENCE)

9. TYPES OF PARAGRAPH
1. Narration
2. Exposition
3. Definition
4. Description
5. Comparison
6. Process analysis
7. Persuasion

10. NARRATION
 The use of written or spoken.
 To convey a story to an audience.
 A set of techniques through which the creator of
the story presents their story, including:-
1)Narrative points of view.
2)Narrative voice.
3)Narrative time.

11. EXPOSITION
 Topics sentence identifies a process and presents
an attitude toward the process.
 The paragraph will include at lest three examples
that support your conclusion, as well as an valid
counter example that appes it.

12. DEFINITION
 A paragraph that precisely explain what something
is or how it looks or works, its purpose.
 This type of paragraph answer the question, “what
do you mean?”

13. DESCRIPTION
 Creates vivid images in the reader's mind by
portraying people ,places or moments in detail
 Required to record a series of detailed observation
 A good description is a word picture
 Use sensory language
 Avoid being static or flat

14. COMPARISON
 Provide an explicit and clear reason where and
why you think these two items are similar or
different.
 Provide specific examples to support your
comparison
 Conclude with what the comparison revealed

15. PROCESS ANALYSIS
 Analyze the process as a series of steps. Put the
steps into sequence
 In describing how a process happens or how to
perform a series of actions, always think of your
readers ; can they follow this?

16. PERSUASION
 Opinion paragraph
 Gives the reader opinion on the topic and tries to
get the reader to agree with it.
 Need to provide with information ,analysis and
context
 Reminder: readers are more interested in their
own opinion, so help them to formulate it

17. NARRATION OR STORY WRITING
 Narration is a type of paragraph development.
 Narration means telling a single story or several related
stories.
 The story can be a way to support a main idea or thesis.
 The narrator is the character whose point of view
frames the entire story.

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF
NARRATIVE WRITING
 There are many specific traits every piece of
narrative writing should have. All stories must
have characters, also known as the people or
subjects of the story. Usually there are also specific
types of characters needed in order to create a
developed story.

19. PROTAGONIST ANTAGONIST

20. For example, each story will often have a
PROTAGONIST, which is the hero or heroine. This is
the central character of the story.
ANTAGONIST, which is a character who opposes the
protagonist. Overall, each story needs characters to push
forward or react to the events in the plot.

21. •Known to reader as a work of the imagination
•Sometimes writers can use plot points
,characters, based on real life event or people.
•It often uses specific narration technique to
heighten its impact
•Ex short story , novels , myth, fairy tales

22. Non fiction
 Always based on solely on facts or real facts
 Few fabrication work can force that story to solve
all credibility
 Non fiction often uses many of the techniques of
fiction to make it more appealing.

23. Difference between fiction
and non fiction
Fiction Non fiction
 Imagined
 Often based on actual
events
 Subjective
 Different points of
view
 Interiority
 Stretches the truth
 Real
 Loses credibility of
fabricated
 Objective
 Authorial point of view
 Exteriority
 Reports the truth.

24. FUNCTIONOF NARRATION
1.Writers employ narrative technique in their works to
attract readership.
2.Moreover a narrative is set in specific culture contents.
3. Develops the art of story telling.
4. Narrator acting as the implicit intermediary between
the text and the reader.

25. 5. Narrator inform the subjectivity to the
reader through non fiction narration.
6. Permitting the reader to make
authoritative judgement.

26. 4 Basics of Narration
 1. It reveals something of importance to the
writer.
 2.It includes all the major events of the story
(primary support)
 3. It brings the story to life with details
about the major events (secondary support)
 4. It presents the events in a clear order,
usually according to when they happened.

28. ?