This document discusses public goods and publicly provided private goods. It defines public goods as non-rival and non-excludable, meaning consumption by one does not reduce availability to others and people cannot be excluded from use. Examples include national defense. Publicly provided private goods have high costs to provide individuals but are given freely, leading to overconsumption. The document discusses rationing methods governments use for these goods like user fees, uniform provision of quantities, and queuing systems. It also covers the efficiency condition for public goods, where the total benefits to society must be greater than the total costs of provision.