1. Name Nayyer Tahir
Subject business research method
Submitted to Sir Umair Akram Sahib
Class m.com
Section c
Reg. No 2013-ag-1515
Topic assigned Examples of dependent ,independent ,mediator
& moderator variables.

2. Independent variable
A variable is an idea ,event,value or category that a researcher can measure.variable can be
dependent or independent variable. The dependent variable vary by the factors that influence them
but the independent variables stand on their own.
Some example of independent variables are as follows
Sale
Sale include the customer demographics,weather. Customer demographic include the following age,
occupatioin,fmily status,income level and gender.these factor affect what a customer needs ,which
affect sales and ultimate profit.
Expence
The price of raw materials, labur wages,rates. The price of raw materials,such as food commodities,
metals and minerals ,do not changeregardless how much a business spend on them.labor wage rate
facility rental rateare example of independent variable.
Economy
Economic variable effect the business profitability. During the recision customer earn and spend
less,which leads to declining the business sales and vice versa when the economic growth customer
earn and spend more.
Dependent variable
The values that result from the independent variables.
example
 A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. The independent variables
are the administration of the drug - the dosage and the timing. The dependent
variable is the impact the drug has on cancer.
 A scientist studies the impact of withholding affection on rats. The independent
variable is the amount of affection. The dependent variable is the reaction of the
rats.
 A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick. The
independent variable is the number of days of consuming soup. The dependent
variable is the onset of illness.
Moderator
In general terms, a moderator is a qualitative (e.g., sex, race, class) or quantitative
(e.g., level of reward) variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation
between an independent or predictor variable and a dependent .

4. Mediator
a given variable may be said to function as a mediator to the extent that it accounts for the
relation between the predictor and the criterion
fig 1

5. Fig 2
Fig 3