Need a coffee fix

Need a COFFEE fix? Your complete guide 1
Y o u r
co m p l e t e
g u i d e
Ne e d a
C O F F EE
f i x ?

Need a fix
Your complete guide
Ingredients 3
Choose flavour of coffee/beans 4
Get beans ground to suit your machine 4
Which grind for your machine? 4
Coffee beans 5
Columbia coffee 5
Costa rica coffee 5
Ethiopian coffee 5
Guatemala coffee 6
Kenya coffee 6
Kona coffee 6
Jamaican coffee 6
New guinea coffee 6
Sulawesi coffee 6
Sumatra coffee 6
Hot water 6
Milk 7
Cream 7
Non-dairy creamer 7
Soy milk 7
Rice milk 7
Cashew milk and almond milk 7
Other dairy additives 7
Sugar 8
White sugar 8
Brown sugar 8
Raw sugar 8
Honey 8
Stevia 8
Drip coffee makers (cone filters) 9
Plunger pot / french press 10
Percolator 10
Espresso machine 11
Espresso moka pots 12
Vacuum coffee pot 13
Method 14
1. Get away from the bed 14
2. Turn on the lights 14
3. Stretch or exercise 14
4. Coffee 14
5. Combination 14
Heating milk 16
Heating in a microwave 16
Heating with a stove top 16
Coffee machine reference 17
Contents

To make any coffee you’ll need the right
ingredients.
• A coffee making device
(see coffee machines description pictures at the back)
• Hot water
• Coffee beans (ground to suit machine)
• A milk product (if you use milk)
• A sugar type
(a sweetener of sorts if you’d like to use them)
Some cost more, some taste different. When you
mix and match, they have the ability to create
some amazing results.
In minutes you’ll know everything about making
your perfect morning cup of coffee.
Ingredients

Choose flavour of coffee/beans
Selecting beans is all about getting the flavour you
want. In most decent coffee shops you’ll have a coffee
of the day, or special blend that will be different in
flavour and/or consistency to their regular blend. By
learning about what the various coffee blends are
supposed to taste like will help you in deciding a blend
of bean for your morning cup.
If you like the coffee from your favourite coffee shop
and they sell beans - start there. They’ll be only too
happy to tell you all about the various types they
have, or tell you all about the one type they are most
proud of and give you the beans ground for your
particular machine.
Get beans ground to suit
your machine
How fine is fine? How chunky is coarse take a look:
Coarse Very distinct particles of coffee. Like
heavy-grained kosher salt. Downright chunky.
Medium Gritty, like coarse sand.
Fine Smoother to the touch, a little finer than
granular sugar or table salt.
Extra fine Finer than sugar, but not quite powdered.
Grains should still be discernable to the
touch.
The table below will tell you which grind to choose to
suit your particular coffee-brewing method.
Which grind for your machine?
Drip coffee makers (cone filters) Fine
Plunger pot / French press Coarse
Percolator Coarse
Espresso machines (pump or steam) Extra fine
Espresso moka pots Fine
Vacuum coffee pot Coarse
Having the beans ground for your machine allows for
the water to pass through the machine properly to
create your perfect morning coffee.
A standard coffee measure should be 2 tbsp. (1/8 cup)
• 2 tablespoons per 3/4 cup
• 55 grams per litre
• 3.75 ounces per 1/2 gallon
If you want to know more check the SCAA’s web page
at www.scaa.org.
Ultimately the amount of coffee to use is a personal
taste but I highly recommend at least starting with the
standard and adjusting from there and don’t forget
as you move toward more water and less grounds
you will extract more off flavours. Most people that
say they don’t like strong coffee mean they don’t like
bitter coffee and weak coffee actually has more bitter
compounds. You can always add hot water to weaken
coffee. Weak coffee is just weak coffee and cannot
be fixed.

Coffee beans
There are two types of gourmet coffee beans, Robusta
and Arabica. The Robusta coffee bean is grown in
Africa (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda, Angola),
as well as Malaysia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Brazil and
India. This bean is 30 percent of the world’s coffee
consumption and offers the highest caffeine.
Arabica coffee accounts for roughly 70 percent of the
coffee in the world. Found in Central America , South
America, India and Eastern Africa in countries such as
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Mozambique.
Coffee Bean Regions
The most desirable coffee is grown in altitudes about
3000 feet. The altitude produces more elegant,
complex flavours in the coffee cherries which contain
the beans. The fruit must be hand-picked from trees
which can bear flowers, green fruit, and ripe cherries all
at the same time.
The outer pulp and parchment of the coffee cherry are
removed to reveal two beans, which are then cleaned,
dried, graded and hand-inspected. The beans range
in colour from pale green to dark yellow when raw. They
are exported in their raw state for roasting, blending
and grinding at their final destination.
Keep in mind when learning many different coffee facts
that there are numerous styles of coffee blends based
off original coffee blends and each has their own merits.
The list provided is a general over view so that you
may understand where the root of coffee comes from
and what the base taste for certain types of coffee
may reflect. This list should help you quickly learn about
original coffee blends.
This is by far not every coffee listed on the entire planet
but this is the basis for most coffees. Other types of
coffees and blends can be mixed or cross produced to
create unique blends of coffee but knowing the original
coffee sources here will help you learn what types will
be best for you and your taste buds.
Some people are able to taste more complex flavours
and everyone taste things differently so please take the
tasting listed below as a guide. The best way to know if
you like it of course is to try it.
Columbia Coffee
Sweet in flavour and delicious. Because of its mild
acidity it is easy to drink and highly consumed in
America. When you think sweet flavour of this coffee
don’t think overly sweet of a cappuccino but more of
a milk and coffee ‘with a hint of vanilla sweet’.
Costa Rica Coffee
Known primarily as a classic roast. Has a moderate
acidic level and is mild in taste. This coffee is good if
you do not like a strong coffee but like great flavour.
Ethiopian Coffee
Moderately bold or medium bodied flavour. Has a very
strong coffee aroma which is inviting. This smells excellent
when brewing early in the morning. Because it is not
as mild as some coffee some people will not like it. To
reduced strength as with all coffee just add a little extra
water to the pot or add a little extra hot water to you
individual cup of coffee.

Guatemala Coffee
Smokey almost spicy flavours with a medium body or
moderate body. Try Guatemala Anigua Antigua for
a delicious blend of coffee.
Kenya Coffee
Finely acidic with a fruitiness in flavour. This coffee
features a beautiful aroma and is simply an amazing
breakfast blend. The acid is gentle for those with a
weak stomach.
Kona Coffee
Born in the mountains of Hawaii this coffee has a
medium body, but a rich flavour that has hints of wine
and spice.
Jamaican Coffee
Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee is a classification of coffee
grown in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica. The coffee that
is grown here is noted for its mild flavour and lack of
bitterness. Over the last several decades, this coffee has
developed a reputation that has made it one of the most
expensive and sought-after coffees in the world.
New Guinea Coffee
Moderately acidic coffee with a very strong aroma.
This is a full bodied coffee and has a very deep distinct
taste. The more body general the stronger the flavour.
Sulawesi Coffee
Deeply rich full bodied coffee. Very bold in flavour and
has an almost exotic feel to it.
Sumatra Coffee
Bold blend of coffee or full bodied but surprisingly low
in acidity. Slightly spicy and a mild aroma.
Hot water
The quality of water going into the coffee has a direct
reflection on the taste and quality of the coffee. So try
and use filtered water (if your water doesn’t taste great,
you might think about getting a water filter or purifier).
You can go nuts and do all sorts of things. The easiest
and most readily available is tap water, boiled in a
kettle. It’ll be distilled and ready for use as soon as the
water is boiled.

Milk
The most common coffee additives are dairy and
sweeteners. Many people enjoy their coffee with a bit
of milk, but there are lots of ways to combine coffee
with dairy and dairy alternatives. Here are some of the
common dairy/dairy alternatives people add to coffee:
Milk is commonly added to coffee. Some people
prepare their beverage with milk as a base (as is the
case with Masala Chai), but more often than not, milk is
mixed with the finished coffee or espresso.
Proportions of coffee to milk vary with drink types.
For example, lattes often have more milk than other
espresso drinks. For a full list of coffee styles, look to
the back.
Milk may be foamed or frothed for additional texture
in drinks such as cappuccinos and macchiattos. (See
back for coffee definitions).
Cream
Cream is occasionally added to coffee and tea
drinks, such as Espresso con Panna. It is often
whipped and sweetened.
Some people mistake the term “cream tea” to mean tea
with cream. It actually means a snack of tea, Devon
cream and scones.
Non-Dairy Creamer
Non-dairy creamer (a.k.a. “whitener”) is a lactose-free dairy
alternative for coffee. Found in liquid or granule/powdered
form. Artificially flavoured varieties include caramel,
chocolate and seasonal flavours. It can be flammable
and is not what you’d call a “natural food product.”
Soy milk, Rice milk, Cashew milk, Etc.
Those seeking more natural non-dairy options often turn
to soy milk, rice milk, cashew milk, almond milk, oat milk
and the like.
Soy milk
Widely available and provides a decent full bodied,
flavoursome nature, but some people with lactose
sensitivities are also allergic to soy.
Rice milk
Although less widely available than soy, but more
available than other alternatives. It has a slightly
sweet taste that works well with coffee and tea, but its
consistency is watery compared to milk.
Cashew milk and almond milk
Provide a decent full bodied, flavoursome nature to
other non-dairy alternatives. They are also usually also
more expensive.
Other Dairy Additives
Some people add other dairy products, such as evaporated
milk or sweetened condensed milk to their coffee or tea. A
prime example of this is Hong Kong milk tea.

Sugar
White sugar
White sugar is the most common sweetener used in
tea or coffee. You can get white sugar in regular
granulated form, or finer ground as icing sugar or
confectioner’s sugar. Powdered sugar isn’t typically
used for simple beverage sweetening. White sugar
is processed from sugar cane to have the molasses
removed, and then it’s filtered, crystallised and dried.
Brown sugar
It’s made by adding the molasses back to regular white
sugar, which makes it much more moist and more prone
to clumping than white sugar. I have heard that a piece
of white bread in the container will keep your brown
sugar soft.
Raw sugar
Raw sugar is very similar to brown sugar, except this is
sugar that hasn’t been processed into white. So it has
its natural molasses content intact. It’s lighter than brown
sugar in flavour, but the texture is more coarse (almost
like kosher salt).
Honey
Of course, honey isn’t a kind of sugar, but it’s a popular
sweet touch nonetheless. Produced by bees, it’s a
very natural form of sweetener that requires next to no
processing before use. Liquid honey will crystallise over
time, but whipped honey will remain soft (like butter)
indefinitely.
Stevia
A herbal product that is far sweeter than sugar. The
botanical name is Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Stevia
sweeteners can be found in many health food stores,
or even grown in your own garden.

Process
An easy step-by-step process that will produce
your perfect morning cup every time.
There are many different styles of machines available,
here are the most popular:
(Page 17 for coffee machines description pictures)
Drip coffee makers (cone filters)
Plunger pot / French press
Percolator
Espresso machine
Espresso moka pots
Vacuum coffee pot
Drip coffee makers (cone filters)
Drip brew, or filter coffee, is a method for brewing
coffee which involves pouring water over roasted,
ground coffee beans contained in a filter. Water seeps
through the coffee, absorbing its oils and essences,
solely under gravity, then passes through the bottom
of the filter. The used coffee grounds are retained in
the filter with the liquid dripping into a collecting vessel
such as a carafe or pot.
1. Boil kettle (you want the water to be just cooler than
boiling when using).
2. Setup filter paper inside single cup coffee filter.
3. Filter papers are found in most supermarkets.
4. Place single cup coffee filter over coffee cup.
5. Scoop two teaspoons (7-9 grams) of medium to fine
ground coffee beans into filter paper.
6. Pour approx. One coffee mug of hot water over
ground coffee (you’ll need to be considerate of the
amount of milk you are aiming to add later), aiming
to get all the ground coffee to remain in the middle
of the filter so as to get the most extraction out of
the beans.
Once cooled a little, fold the filter paper over on itself
and scrunch like a tea bag to extract all the coffee liquid
7. Pour into coffee cup leaving enough room for the
amount of milk you require.
8. Add milk and sweetener if required.

Plunger pot / French press
The French press goes by various names around the
world. In New Zealand, Australia and South Africa the
whole apparatus is known as a coffee plunger and
coffee brewed in it as plunger coffee. Its French name
is cafetière à piston. In French it is also known by its
brand names, notably, Melior, from an old brand of this
type. In the UK, the Netherlands, and Ireland the device
is known as a cafetière, the French word for a coffee
maker or pot.
1. Boil kettle (you want the water to be just cooler than
boiling when using).
2. Scoop two teaspoons (7-9 grams) of coarse/medium
ground coffee beans into your french press pot.
3. Pour hot water up to the top of the press pot leaving
enough room to allow the filter to do its job. This
should be roughly to the top metal/plastic bracket
on your French press pot.
4. Stir with a teaspoon/chopstick a few times to help the
coffee ground release all the flavours.
5. Place the filter top onto your French press and allow
to steep (You may have to experiment to determine
the length of brewing time that takes your fancy).
1 cup (2-3 minutes)
2-4 cup (4-5 minutes)
6. Press plunger handle evenly and firmly to the bottom
of your press pot.
Make sure the pouring grill is at the french press pouring
end and slowly pour coffee liquid into mug/cup
allowing for milk if required.
Percolator
The percolator is an excellent way to have the relaxing
sound of the coffee liquid burbling and gurgling, and
to waft the aroma of coffee through the home. The one
I remember as a kid. The percolator is a very simple
system with a couple of things to watch out for. Make
sure the ground coffee and the water is measured
correctly, so as to not over extract the coffee and
produce a weak cup lacking flavours and complexity.
The reverse can also happen whereby you under
extract the coffee and produce a robust yet bitter cup.
Here’s how to do it right.
1. Scoop two teaspoons (7-9 gms) of coarse/medium
ground coffee (per cup of coffee you want) into the
filter basket.
2. Fill the auto-drip percolator with cold water to the
level of the amount of cups you’d like, and turn on.
Each machine will produce varying results, so you
might need to change measurements to suit.
3. The water boils, rises through a tube, and spills
over the grounds in the filter basket. And when the
percolator has stopped brewing, and the pot is filled
with dark liquid we are done.
4. Turn off the percolator.
5. Remove the pot from the heated element.
6. Pour into coffee cup leaving enough room for the
amount of milk you require.
NB. Do not leave the coffee on the heating plate as this
continual heating will completely change the flavours and
quality of the coffee.

Espresso machine
The word espresso literally means an extraction of coffee
using high pressure from a special espresso machine.
Although most espresso machines are very similar, please
take these instructions as a guide but always consult
your machines instructions before use.
And with that, here are some instructions, which will help
you to make the ideal espresso.
NB. The quality of your machine will determine the quality of
your espresso.
1. Get some cold clear water and pour this into the
machines water tank. Then make sure that the boilers
cap is secure. For one shot of espresso use 30ml/1oz
of coffee for a double shot use 60ml/2oz of coffee.
Some machines will give as much as four shots in
one go.
3. Place the basket of coffee in the filter holder.
If you want you can place a little pack in the
ground coffee and the filter has a measure which
will tell you the amount for the type of espresso you
are preparing.
4. Brush off any grounds from the top and sides of
the filter and then place the filter holder inside
the machine.
5. Place your glass/cup/a container capable of
carrying hot liquid and fits under the spout and then
turn the machine on. The machine will warm the water
up to the correct temperature and then force it into
the coffee grounds. This should take between 15 to
20 seconds and as the coffee starts to flow into the
cup the foam starts forming on top. This foam is brown
in colour and is known as crema but once this foam
becomes white in colour then the best tasting liquid
is not flowing any longer and you should stop the
machine now.
6. Remove the cup immediately and your cup of
espresso is now ready to drink.

Espresso Moka Pots
A Moka Pot is an Italian steam-based stove top
espresso maker that produces a dark coffee almost
as strong as that from a conventional espresso maker.
Sometimes called the poor man’s espresso and also
known as stove-top espresso.
1. Unscrew the top chamber.
2. Fill the bottom canister with water at least one finger
below the inner room. It should be full just enough that
when you put the funnel in the water, it doesn’t make
contact with the bottom of the filter.
3. Insert the empty funnel filter into the water filled
canister bottom.
4. Spoon enough grounds into the metal filter and tap
down lightly. Do not compact the grounds. A 5mm
space should be from the top of the grounds to the
top of the filter funnel.
5. Make sure the seal is secure and comfortably tight,
close the top flip lid on the upper chamber, and
place on a low heat on your heating element. If using
gas make sure the flame only just covers the bottom
of the Moka Machine.
Depending on the size it could take a minute to three
but eventually you’ll start hearing a gentle rumble as the
water begins to press through the grounds. Wait till the
rumbling begins to slow down, remove the pot from the
stove WITH OVEN MITTS, place on the side and serve
after at least one minute of cooling.

Vacuum coffee pot
This type of maker uses a natural vacuum that
automatically infuses the coffee at the best
temperature, as well as speed. This system ensures
extraction of only the oils and caffeine for a pure, truly
distinctive gourmet flavour with no bitter taste.
The vacuum coffee pot is made of glass or metal and
has an upper and lower pot. The upper pot sits directly
on top of the lower one. They are both sealed with a
stopper. A filter and tube are attached to the upper
pot, and the tube hangs down between the two pots.
1. Start with the lower glass or metal coffee pot. Put it
on a heating element; if you use an electric stove you
should put it over a heat tray.
2. Fill the lower pot with water for the coffee. Measure
how many cups of water using a measuring cup or
coffee cup. Use cold fresh water. Fill the pot at least
half but no more than 7/8 full. It can be put on a gas
stove or special unit made for this coffee pot on high.
There are metal vacuum pots that are more durable
than the glass ones.
3. Position the filter in the upper pot. Measure the coffee
into the filter using one level tablespoon per cup.
4. When the water in the bottom pot begins to simmer
or boil place the upper pot on top and press down
to create a tight seal. As the water heats it will rise up
the tube into upper glass pot. This is how the coffee
is made.
5. When half of the water reaches the top lower the
heat to medium. Stir the coffee in the upper pot with
a spoon to distribute coffee grounds evenly.
Allow the coffee in the upper pot to gurgle for one
to three minutes depending on how strong you want
your coffee.
6. Remove the pot from the heat and let the coffee from
the top pot drain down into the lower pot.
7. When the coffee has been drained gently remove
the upper globe and place it in the sink.
8. Pour the coffee into cups and enjoy.
NB. When purchasing a pot consider a metal pot, which is more
durable than glass. If you have kids this pot is safer and not as
easy to break. Stainless steel is a good metal to consider. When
purchasing glass pots choose ones that are well designed and
easy to use. Look for models that can be used on top of the stove.
There are manual and automatic vacuum makers. Manual pots give
you more control over making the coffee. The automatic pot is
safer, as you will not overheat the pot and break it. The automatic
vacuum pots are good for those that don’t have time but like
excellent coffee. They come with a heating element, too. Different
filters include mesh, nylon and cloth. Never let a glass bottom
chamber boil dry, as it can crack, letting hot coffee spill over.

Method
Create an easy method of getting the most out of your
time helping you define your morning routine.
1. Get away from the bed
First thing: get yourself out of the bed. The alarm clock
that can be turned off without you opening your eyes
simply leads to you automatically turning it off without
recognizing it. Keep the alarm ‘off switch’ or snooze
button far enough away to make a difference (aka,
out of arms reach).
2. Turn on the lights
Once you hit the snooze on the alarm clock, it’s all
about lights, the anti-dark where it’s easy to fall back
asleep. Either turn on the bedroom light or go into
another room. The light will generally get you to keep
your eyes open.
3. Stretch or Exercise
Just as you can stumble to the alarm to turn it off, you
can also stumble through a quick lights, music, action
scenario. If there isn’t already, put on some music. It’s
great for waking up the mind and putting you in a
good mood to start the day.
As you’re up, and your mind’s wandering, walk to the
kitchen, start the kettle and do some quick stretching.
Moving the body around is a great way to wake up
and besides, you’ve now got a couple of minutes
while you’re waiting, so why not use them.
4. Coffee
Ah, that coffee smell. You can simply imagine it and
you’ll get that smile across your face. It’s your comfort
place, your start to the day, your ultimate way of
waking up and being ready.
Since you’re already stretching around the kitchen it’s
easy enough fit in a stretch for the coffee grounds.
Just remember no bouncing, and if you do one side,
the other must follow!
5. Combination
Set yourself up right. Knowing that you’ll have an
amazing morning cup ahead of you, some nice music
playing in the background to get you in the mood
will surely get you out of bed and have you all set to
have a great day.
But why not know your steps before you do it. Make
sure you have all the stock (music/coffee/milk/sugar)
you need. Maybe even layout the clothes before
you go to sleep. If you set yourself up right for your
morning’s activities, you’re bound to make it a great
‘easy’ daily habit.
By adding an extra hour’s activity onto my morning,
I find that I get more done than on mornings when
I sleep until the last possible moment. I also am not
rushed, and that means the whole pace of the day
is less frantic.

Coffee style definitions
Here is a little recipe guide for how to make the various
styles of coffee.
Americano 1/3 espresso, 2/3 hot water
Basic Black 1 cup coffee, nothing else
Breve 1 part espresso, 1 part half half
Café Latté 2/3 coffee, 1/3 milk foam
Café Mélange 1/3 coffee, top with whipped cream
Carajillo 1/3 espresso, 1 part brandy
Café Mocha 1/3 espresso, 2/3 milk foam, add
chocolate
Cappuccino 1/3 espresso, 2/3 milk foam
Eiskaffee Chilled coffee, milk sweetener,
vanilla ice cream
Flat White 1 shot espresso, fill rest of cup with
steamed/warmed milk
Galào 1/4 coffee, 3/4 milk foam
Iced 1/3 coffee, 2/3 cold milk, add
sweetener/ice/whipped cream
Irish 1/2 coffee, 1/2 Irish Whisky
Long Black 3/4 hot water, 1/4 espresso
Macchiato 1 part espresso, 1 part milk foam
Long Macchiato 1 part espresso, 2 parts milk foam
Red eye 1/3 drip coffee, 2/3 shots espresso
Vienna 2 shots espresso, cream
Mocha 1 part coffee, 1 part chocolate,
2 parts milk
Helpful deffinitions
Half half half full creme milk, half skim milk
Espresso made from espresso machine or moka
pot coffee
Coffee Made from any coffee machine that’s
not an espresso machine or moka pot
Milk Foam Milk that has been frothed through a milk
steamer on an espresso machine

Heating milk
Heating in a Microwave
Microwave cooking times vary. The important thing is
for the milk to reach the point just before boiling, when
steam begins to rise off the milk, but no bubbles have
formed. Try the starting time of 20-30 seconds and vary
your timing based on your machine.
Any type of fresh milk--skim, whole, even half-and-half--
will work, but the quality and consistency of the foam will
vary. Whole milk makes richer, finer foam, while skim milk
tends to make stiff foam.
NB. Watch the cups in the microwave closely the first few times you
do this to be sure milk doesn’t boil over. Learn the ideal heating
time for your microwave.
The trick to soy milk
After heating soy milk, pour the milk into the cup first.
This will stop visually unpleasant (yet completely fine to
drink) floaty bits.
Heating with a stove top
With a stove top heater (aka, a pot or pan) you’re
able to control the heating much better. The idea of
heating the milk is to find the point that steam rises but
the milk is not boiling as you don’t want to burn the milk.
And with a stove top you are able to have much more
control over this point. The downside is that the process
takes longer.

Drip coffee makers
(cone filters)
$2-10
Espresso machine
$50-500
NB. The above pictures are just illustrations of the types of coffee implements that are available. The prices shown are just an example. If
you click a name or picture - amazon will show you what they have currently on offer.
Plunger pot
/ French press
$10-30
Espresso Moka Pots
$15-90
Percolator
$30-100
Vacuum coffee pot
$3-120
Coffee Machine Reference
Disposable
Coffee Filter
$2-9
Disposable
Coffee Filter
$2-9

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