A R T I C L EEFFECTS OF AN OUT-OF-SCHOOLPROGRAM ON URBAN.docx
Where are we? Latinos in NYC High Schools
1. Where Are We? Latinos in New York City High Schools
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4. Latino and Spanish-Speaking Public High School Students in NYC SOURCE: 2006-8 ACS Percentage Latino mean = 38% max = 86% Percentage Speaking Spanish at Home mean = 31% max = 79%
11. Percentage of Latinos and ELLs by High School Size SIZE Average Percentage Latino* Average Percentage ELL/ Emergent BIlingual Small 43.7% 13.6% Medium 45.7% 11.0% Large 36.2% 11.8% Total 42.3% 12.7%
12. Percentage of Latinos by High School Size SOURCE: 2008 CEP Large High Schools (>850) Small High Schools (<450)
In red, we see the neighborhoods which have the highest concentrations of Latino High School students, accoridng to the 2006-8 American Community Survey, up to 86% in Washington Heights. In green, we see the areas of highest percentages of high students who speak Spanish at home, up to 77% in Washington Heights.
Although 37% of all New York City High School student are Latino, most schools have percentages lower or higher than 37%.
The age of large comprehensive high schools as the norm in New York City has ended. More than half of New York City High Schools are small schools with a student population of less than 450. Altogether, 79% of New York City schools report having less than 850 students. These numbers are expected to rise as more large schools are expected to be phased out.
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Compare Small (top) and Large schools. Small schools are skewed toward high. Large schools skewed toward lower concentrations. This relationship is statistically significant.
There is a statistically significant relationship between the ELL program offered and school size. (p<.000). TBE programs are mostly found in large schools while ESL programs tend to be more evenly distributed.
There is a statistically significant relationship between the size of the school and 4 year graduation rates for all schools and for Latino majority schools. One possible explanation for this is that the standard deviation for large schools is greater than both small and medium schools indicating that large schools have more of a spread. It should also be noted that 70 new schools do not have graduation rate data yet which may also explain why this data is higher than the state reported graduation rates. The same trend was found for 6 year graduation rates. Again, we need to remember that 149 small schools do not have 6 year graduation rates yet and the graduation rates of low performing large schools that are being phased out be having an impact on the large school results.
There is also a statistically significant relationship between Latino and ELL credit accumulation and the size of the school. highest credit accumulation (52% for Latinos and 65% for ELLs), followed by medium schools (46% for Latinos and 59.5% for ELLs), then large schools (41% for Latinos and 57% for ELLs). (p<.000). However, for both small and medium schools the standard deviation is much greater than for larger schools indicating that there may be very successful small and medium schools in terms of Latino and ELL credit accumulation but also schools that have very low success rates. In Latino majority schools Latino credit accumulation and ELL credit accumulation was also statistically related to the size of the school. Small schools reported the most success in terms of credit accumulation for both Latinos (53%) and ELLs (66.5%) followed by medium schools (46% for Latinos and 58% for ELLs), then large schools (41% and 54%) (p<.001). Interestingly, all schools report higher success with ELL credit accumulation then Latino credit accumulation.
There just aren’t enough TBE programs to draw conclusions
The distribution of Latino graduation rates by school appears almost bimodal, with one modal interval between 64% and 68% and two other peaks: one between 36% and 39% and another between 48% and 52%. The aggregate graduation rate for Latinos in cohorts 2001-4 is 47.6%, which is in between these two peaks. When comparing different schools, the mean graduation rate for schools is 54.1%.