1. The Chemistry of LifeThe Chemistry of Life
(Part II)(Part II)
Presented By:
Mrs. Nelson

2. Chemistry of CarbonChemistry of Carbon
 Can form four
bonds.
 Basis of “organic
compounds.”
 Compounds that
contain carbon

3. Which is organic?

4. ““Organic Compounds”
 All living things are composed of
four types of organic compounds.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
* Each organic molecule is made of
different “subunits.”

5. What are
carbohydrates?
Subunit = sugar
Sugars are
made of C,H,
and O in a 1:2:1
ratio.
The more “C’s,”
the more energy
in the sugar.

6. 3 Kinds of3 Kinds of
Carbohydrates
Simple Sugars
1) Monosaccharides – “single sugar”
ex) Glucose and fructose
2)Disaccharides- “double sugar”
ex) sucrose
-Both are a short term
energy source

7. 3 Kinds of
Carbohydrates
(cont.)Complex sugars
3) Polysaccharides
- long chains of three or more sugars
-“Long term” energy storage.
- Ex.) Starch (potatoes, corn, wheat,
rice)
Cellulose (found in plant cell walls)

8. “Lipids”
Elements C,H, O
Not soluble in
water.
Subunit = fatty
acid and
glycerol.
Fats, oils,
waxes.

9. Types of Lipids
Saturated- solid at room temperature
ex) butter, fat on meat
Unsaturated- liquid room temperature
ex) cooking oil
 Diets high in saturated fats lead to
heart disease

10. glycerol
Fatty acid chain

11. Double bonds!

12. “Importance of
Lipids”
Long term energy storage. Contain
much more energy than carbs.
Major component of cell membranes.
Sex hormones.

13. Proteins
 Contain C, H, O, and
N.
 Subunit- amino acid
 Two types of
proteins
 Food proteins vs.
cell proteins
1) Hemoglobin-blood
2) Collagen-skin

14. Function of Proteins
 There are many different functions of proteins.
1. Structural component of organisms.
- Collagen: Gives strength to skin.
- Keratin: Composes hair and nails.
- Hemoglobin: Found in blood.
2. Act as Enzymes.
- Catalysts that speed up reactions in the body.
Ex.) Amylase – found in saliva. Helps break down
food in the mouth.

15. Nucleic Acids
 Contain C, H, O, N,
and P
Two types: DNA,
RNA
Subunit- Nucleotide
Function- genetic
information