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1.4
1. AIM: How can organisms be improved
using the idea of natural selection?
Warm – up:
In evolutionary terms, why is one
organism more likely to survive than
another?
3. Artificial selection
§ Artificial breeding can use variations in
populations to create vastly different
“breeds” & “varieties”
“descendants” of the wolf
4. Artificial selection
§ Artificial breeding can use variations in
populations to create vastly different
“breeds” & “varieties”
“descendants” of wild mustard
“descendants” of the wolf
5. Artificial selection
§ Artificial breeding can use variations in
populations to create vastly different
“breeds” & “varieties”
“descendants” of wild mustard
“descendants” of the wolf
10. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
11. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
• Alleles that give characteristics favored by
humans are retained, while undesirable
characteristics are eliminated.
12. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
• Alleles that give characteristics favored by
humans are retained, while undesirable
characteristics are eliminated.
• Raw genetic material is hidden and often
allows for hidden variations to show
through
13. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
• Alleles that give characteristics favored by
humans are retained, while undesirable
characteristics are eliminated.
• Raw genetic material is hidden and often
allows for hidden variations to show
through
14. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
• Alleles that give characteristics favored by
humans are retained, while undesirable
characteristics are eliminated.
• Raw genetic material is hidden and often
allows for hidden variations to show
through
15. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding: Process in which
particular individuals are chosen and allowed
to breed, whereas others are prevented from
breeding.
• Alleles that give characteristics favored by
humans are retained, while undesirable
characteristics are eliminated.
• Raw genetic material is hidden and often
allows for hidden variations to show
through
17. Inbreeding
§ Involves breeding between closely related
individuals with some desirable trait as the
outcome
§ Loss of genetic diversity
§ If loss occurs to the extent at which every
individual has identical alleles, that is referred
to as complete homozygosity
§ Why is this a problem?
24. Example of Inbreeding in Plants
§ Wheat plants generally self pollinate
Ø High yield
Ø Short stems
Ø Pest resistance
Ø High protein content of grain
25. Outbreeding
§ Involves crossing individuals from genetically
distinct strains to form hybrids.
§ Hybrids have characteristics which are superior
to the characteristics in either parent. (Hybrid
vigour / Heterosis)
