ss

1. Advisor : Assist. Prof. Dr.
Chanchai Thongpin
Co-advisor : Assist. Prof. Dr.
Bussarin Ksapabutr
Researchers : Ms. Chayanee Kasemsook
Student ID : 09530074
Mr. Triwat Talbumrung
Student ID : 09530146
Mr. Worawit Sangtean
Student ID : 09530379Present :: 3 April 2014 :: 1

2. Out line
Introduction
Project Objectives
Project scope
Materials and Experimental
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 2

3. INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 3
PLA is thermoplastic aliphat
polyester derived from renewabl
resourceds, such as corn starch
Polylactic acid,
PLA
 High stiffness & strength
 Crystillinity
 High brittle
 Low toughness
MainMain
propertiesproperties

4. INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 4

5. INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 5
Chemical structure
of NBR
NBR, a synthetic
rubber which is
a copolymer
between
acrylonitrile (ACN)
and butadiene.
Nitrile butadiene
rubber, NBR
 High abrasion resistance
 Low gas permeability
 Oil and Chemical resistance
 High thermal aging
MainMain
propertiesproperties

6. INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 6
Vulcanization ::
Peroxide
vulcanization
Advantage
1)No problem of
chemicals bloom.
2)Reaction is faster at
higher temperatures.
3)Resistance
deformation of rubber
after
compression (at high
temperatures).
4) Heat resistant.
Dicumyl peroxide
Peroxide
vulcanization

7. INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 7
Organo Montmorillonite
Low cost and easy
to find.
Compatibility with
PLA.
 Reinforcement in
rubber and PLA.
 Improve
mechanical and
thermal
Low cost and easy
to find.
Compatibility with
PLA.
 Reinforcement in
rubber and PLA.
 Improve
mechanical and
thermal

8. http://www.nishikawa-rbr.co.jp/english/technology/techno_5423.htm
PLA
http://www.indiamart.com/unichemimpex/r
NBR & NBR
compound
Toughness PLA
INTRODUCTION
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 8

9. Project Objectives
1. To investigate mechanical,
thermal property and
morphology of PLA/NBR blends
and PLA/NBR compounds.
2. The effect of Organic
Montmorillonite (OMMT)Cloisite®
(30B) on mechanical, thermal
property and morphology of
PLA/NBR blends and PLA/NBRFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 9

10.  Using NBR rubber (acrylonitrile
50%) masticated with two roll mill for 60
min and PLA (grade 3052D).
 Study the effect of NBR content in
PLA/NBR (95:5, 90:10
85:15, 80:20, 75:25 70:30 %w/w) on
toughness of PLA.
 In peroxide vulcanization,
dicumylperoxide will be used as
curing agent.
 Using Organo MontmorilloniteFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 10
Project Scope

11. Materials and Experimental
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 11

12. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 12
1. Polylactic acid (PLA)
>> 3052 D from NatureWorks produced
2. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)
>> 50% acrylonitrile content from LG Chem
3. Dicumylperoxide (DCP)
>> from Sigma-Aldrich
4. Organic Montmorillonite (OMMT)
>> Cloisite®
30B from ROCKWOOD ADDITIVE
Materials

13. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 13
Universal testing
Machine
Universal testing
Machine
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Part IPart I Study PLA/NBR BlendsStudy PLA/NBR Blends Preparation of NBR
blends.
Masticate NBR by two roll mill for
60 min
ratio of PLA: NBR (95:5, 90:10,
85:15, 80:20 ,75:25, and 70:30)
Preparation of NBR
blends.
Masticate NBR by two roll mill for
60 min
ratio of PLA: NBR (95:5, 90:10,
85:15, 80:20 ,75:25, and 70:30)
Preparation of
PLA.
PLA dried at 50°C
for 24 hours
Preparation of
PLA.
PLA dried at 50°C
for 24 hours
Experimental
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Testi
ng
Testi
ng

14. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University
Experimental
Universal testing
Machine
Universal testing
Machine
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Testi
ng
Testi
ng
Preparation of NBR
blends.
Masticate NBR by two roll mill for
60 min
ratio of PLA: NBR (95:5, 90:10,
85:15, 80:20 ,75:25, and 70:30)
Preparation of NBR
blends.
Masticate NBR by two roll mill for
60 min
ratio of PLA: NBR (95:5, 90:10,
85:15, 80:20 ,75:25, and 70:30)
Preparation of
PLA.
PLA dried at 50 °C
for 24 hours
Preparation of
PLA.
PLA dried at 50 °C
for 24 hours
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Part IIPart II Study PLA/NBR CompoundStudy PLA/NBR Compound
14
Dicumyl peroxide
(DCP) 1 phr
Dicumyl peroxide
(DCP) 1 phr

15. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University
Universal testing
Machine
Universal testing
Machine
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Thermo gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM)
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Prepare samples by
Compression molding
170 o
C pressure 1000
psi
Select appropriate
ratio for PLA/NBR
blends and PLA/NBR
compounds
Select appropriate
ratio for PLA/NBR
blends and PLA/NBR
compounds
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Mix in
internal mixer
at 170o
C 70
rpm
Testi
ng
Testi
ng
Experimental
XRDXRD
15
Part IIIPart III Study the effect of clay on properties of PLA/NBR blends and PLA/NBR compoundsStudy the effect of clay on properties of PLA/NBR blends and PLA/NBR compounds
Cloisite®
30B

16. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University
Results and Discussion
16

17. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 17
PART IPART I
Morphology of
PLA/NBR Blends
Figure 1 Morphology of PLA/NBR blends in 5, 10, 15, 20,
25 and 30% NBR
NBR
20
NBR
30
NBR
5
NBR
10
NBR
15
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30

18. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 18
Figure 2 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends in
first heating
PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
1st
Heat
Tg
Tcc
Tm
160.57
159.0
3
160.06
159.0
5
159.05
159.00
159.0
5
160.02
149.5
7150.0
2
150.5
4
155.4
0148.5
0
150.5
8
148.4
2
149.57

19. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 19
PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
Table 1 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR blends in
different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in first
heating

20. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 20
Figure 3 DSC Thremogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends in
first heating
PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
2nd
Heat Tg
Tcc Tm
159.5
1
159.4
9
160.21
159.6
5
160.01
159.5
6
159.6
0
160.06
150.5
8
150.6
3
151.6
3
151.6
8149.6
1
151.1
3
150.5
8150.6
3

21. PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
Table 2 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR blends in
different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in second
heating
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 21

22. PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Figure 4 TGA Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 22
Virgin PLA
Neat PLA
PLA95/NBR5
PLA90/NBR10
PLA85/NBR15
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30

23. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 23
PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Figure 5 DTG Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends
Virgin PLA
Neat PLA
PLA95/NBR5
PLA90/NBR10
PLA85/NBR15
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30
280ºC 350ºC
(316.98)
(306.21)
(326.40)
(329.80)
(335.89)
(331.04)
(320.28)
(320.35)

24. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 24
Formula
Degradation temperature (°C) Peak area
Onset
Inflectio
n
End
At 10%
degradation
(%)
PLA
virgin
294.61 316.98
332.1
6
298.18 94.24
PLA neat 293.46 306.21
324.9
8
291.84 94.29
NBR 5 284.74 326.40
335.0
2
291.26 88.49
NBR 10 288.65 329.80
349.9
5
294.28 83.07
NBR 15 303.18 335.89
346.0
9
292.25 74.89
PART IPART I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Table 3 Degradation data of PLA/NBR blends in different
weight contents of NBR and pure PLA by TGA

25. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 25
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Figure 6 Stress-Strain curve of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends in
different weight content of NBR
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Stress-Strain
Curve

26. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 26
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Morphology
after Tensile
Testing
NBR
20
NBR
30
Figure 7 Morphology of PLA/NBR blends in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%
NBR after tensile testing
NBR
5
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30
NBR
5
NBR
10
NBR
15
NBR
20
NBR
30
NBR
25

27. PART IPART I Mechanical properties Modulus
Figure 8 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends in different weight
content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 27

28. PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Maximum
Tensile Strength
Figure 9 Maximum Tensile Strength of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR
blends in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 28

29. PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Figure 10 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends in different
weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 29
% Elongation at
Break

30. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 30
PART IIPART II
Morphology of PLA/NBR
compounds
Figure 11 Morphology of PLA/NBR compounds in 5, 10, 15,
20, 25 and 30% NBR
NBR
5
NBR
10
NBR
15
NBR
15
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
20
NBR
30

31. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 31
Figure 12 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR
compounds in first heating
PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
1st
Heat
Tg
Tcc Tm 160.57
159.0
3
158.9
5
159.0
1
158.9
0
158.90
158.4
2
158.9
1
147.9
7148.4
4
148.42
148.5
0
155.4
0
149.5
8
148.5
2
149.5
5

32. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 32
PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
Table 4 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR compounds in
different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in first
heating

33. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 33
Figure 13 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR compounds in
first heating
PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
2nd
Heat Tg
Tcc Tm 159.51
159.4
9
159.6
1
159.4
8
159.5
1
158.96
159.0
1
148.9
6
149.5
3150.4
8
149.88
149.6
1
155.4
0
150.0
3
150.0
2
150.0
4

34. PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
Table 5 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR compounds in
different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in second
heating
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 34

35. PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Figure 14 TGA Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR
compounds
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 35
Virgin PLA
Neat PLA
PLA95/NBR5
PLA90/NBR10
PLA85/NBR15
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30

36. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 36
PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Figure 15 DTG Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR compounds
Virgin PLA
Neat PLA
PLA95/NBR5
PLA90/NBR10
PLA85/NBR15
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30
290 - 350ºC
430 - 475 ºC
(316.98)
(306.21)
(340.15)
(333.17)
(326.32)
(331.04)
(333.96)
(329.50)

37. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 37
PART IIPART II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Table 6 Degradation data of PLA/NBR compounds in
different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA by TGA
Formul
a
Degradation temperature (°C) Peak area
Onset
Inflectio
n
End
At 10%
degradation
(%)
virgin PLA
294.61 316.98
332.1
6 298.18 94.24
neat PLA
293.46 306.21
324.9
8 291.84 94.29
NBR5 +
DCP 296.81 340.15
350.1
0
289.704
87.55
NBR10 +
DCP 297.76 333.17
342.9
1 295.63 82.42
NBR15 +
DCP 294.41 326.32
341.7
8 294.41 83.81

38. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 38
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Figure 16 Stress-Strain curve of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds
in different weight content of NBR
PART IIPART II Mechanical properties
Stress-Strain
Curve

39. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 39
PART IIPART II Mechanical properties
Morphology
after Tensile
Testing
Figure 17 Morphology of PLA/NBR compounds in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and
30% NBR after tensile testing
NBR
5
NBR
5
NBR
10
NBR
15
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30

40. PART IIPART II Mechanical properties Modulus
Figure 18 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds in different
weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 40

41. PART IIPART II Mechanical properties
Maximum
Tensile Strength
Figure 19 Maximum Tensile Strength of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR
compounds in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 41

42. PART IIPART II Mechanical properties
Figure 20 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds in different
weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 42
% Elongation at
Break

43. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 43
PART III.IPART III.I
Morphology of PLA/NBR
Blends with OMMT
Figure 21 Morphology of PLA/NBR blends in 20, 25 and
30% NBR with OMMT
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30

44. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 44
PART III.IPART III.I
Morphology of PLA/NBR
Blends with OMMT
Figure 22 Morphology of PLA/NBR blends in 20, 25 and
30% NBR with OMMT
5º

45. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 45
Figure 23 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends
with OMMT in first heating
PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
1st
Heat
PLA70/NBR30
Tg
Tcc
Tm
160.57
159.0
3
158.8
9
158.0
0
157.99
148.50
155.4
0

46. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 46
PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
Table 7 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR blends with
OMMT in different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in
first heating

47. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 47
Figure 24 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends with
OMMT in first heating
PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
2nd
Heat Tg Tcc
Tm
159.51
159.4
9
159.05
159.05
158.95
149.5
7
149.56
149.57
149.6
1
151.6
8

48. PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
Table 8 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR blends with
OMMT in different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA in
second heating
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 48

49. PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Figure 25 TGA Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends
with OMMT
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 49
PLA75/NBR25

50. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 50
PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Figure 26 DTG Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR blends with
OMMT
300 - 350ºC
400 - 530 ºC
(316.98)
(306.21)
(337.47)
(339.12)
(330.23)

51. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 51
PART III.IPART III.I
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Degradation
Table 9 Degradation data of PLA/NBR blends with OMMT
in different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA by TGA
Formul
a
Degradation temperature (°C) Peak area
Onset
Inflectio
n
End
At 10%
degradation
(%)
virgin PLA
294.61 316.98
332.1
6 298.18 94.24
neat PLA
293.46 306.21
324.9
8 291.84 94.29
NBR20
316.17 337.47
349.3
4
297.45
68.99
435.00 453.15
522.9
3 9.31
349.0

52. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 52
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Figure 27 Stress-Strain curve of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends with
OMMT in different weight content of NBR
PART III.IPART III.I Mechanical properties
Stress-Strain
Curve

53. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 53
PART III.IPART III.I Mechanical properties
Morphology
after Tensile
Testing
Figure 28 Morphology of PLA/NBR blends in 20, 25 and 30% NBR with
OMMT after tensile testing
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30
NBR
20
NBR
30
NBR
25

54. PART III.IPART III.I Mechanical properties Modulus
Figure 29 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends with OMMT in
different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 54

55. PART III.IPART III.I Mechanical properties
Maximum
Tensile Strength
Figure 30 Maximum Tensile Strength of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR
blends with OMMT in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 55

56. PART III.IPART III.I Mechanical properties
Figure 31 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR blends with OMMT in
different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 56
% Elongation at
Break

57. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 57
PART III.IIPART III.II
Morphology of PLA/NBR
Compounds with OMMT
Figure 32 Morphology of PLA/NBR compounds in 20, 25
and 30% NBR with OMMT
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30
NBR
25
NBR
20
NBR
30

58. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 58
PART III.IIPART III.II
Morphology of PLA/NBR
Compounds with OMMT
Figure 33 Morphology of PLA/NBR compounds in 20, 25
and 30% NBR with OMMT
5º

59. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 59
Figure 34 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR
compounds with OMMT in first heating
PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
1st
Heat
PLA70/NBR30
neat PLA
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
Tg Tcc
Tm
160.5
7
159.0
3
158.5
5
158.0
5
158.50
149.5
0
155.4
0

60. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 60
PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
Table 10 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR compounds
with OMMT in different weight contents of NBR and pure
PLA in first heating

61. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 61
Figure 35 DSC Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR compounds
with OMMT in first heating
PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Crystallization
2nd
Heat
neat PLA
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30
Tg Tcc
Tm
159.51
159.4
9
159.51
158.50
158.5
0
149.6
1
151.6
8

62. PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Blends
Crystallization
Table 11 Crystallization behavior of PLA/NBR compounds
with OMMT in different weight contents of NBR and pure
PLA in second heating
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 62

63. PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Figure 36 TGA Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR
compounds with OMMT
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 63
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
PLA70/NBR30

64. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 64
PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Figure 37 DTG Thermogram of neat PLA and PLA/NBR compounds
with OMMT
PLA80/NBR20
PLA75/NBR25
(316.98)
(306.21)
(326.30)
(322.00)
(319.41)

65. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 65
PART III.IIPART III.II
Thermal properties of
PLA/NBR Compounds
Degradation
Table 12 Degradation data of PLA/NBR compounds with
OMMT in different weight contents of NBR and pure PLA by
TGA
Formul
a
Degradation temperature (°C) Peak area
Onset
Inflectio
n
End
At 10%
degradation
(%)
virgin PLA
294.61 316.98
332.1
6 298.18 94.24
neat PLA
293.46 306.21
324.9
8 291.84 94.29
NBR20
294.62 326.30
337.4
3
286.54
67.93
403.90 442.21
468.4
2
8.12
330.1

66. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 66
PART IPART I Mechanical properties
Figure 38 Stress-Strain curve of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds with
OMMT in different weight content of NBR
PART III.IIPART III.II Mechanical properties
Stress-Strain
Curve

67. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 67
PART III.IIPART III.II Mechanical properties
Morphology
after Tensile
Testing
Figure 39 Morphology of PLA/NBR compounds in 20, 25 and 30%
NBR with OMMT after tensile testing
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30
NBR
20
NBR
25
NBR
30

68. PART III.IIPART III.II Mechanical properties Modulus
Figure 40 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds with
OMMT in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 68

69. PART III.IIPART III.II Mechanical properties
Maximum
Tensile Strength
Figure 41 Maximum Tensile Strength of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR
compounds with OMMT in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 69

70. PART III.IIPART III.II Mechanical properties
Figure 42 Modulus of PLA virgin and PLA/NBR compounds with
OMMT in different weight content of NBR
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 70
% Elongation at
Break

71. Conclusion
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 71

72. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 72
PLA/NBR blendsPLA/NBR blends
1. NBR resulted to PLA increase crystallinity
2. NBR resulted to PLA increase Td
3. NBR resulted to PLA/NBR blends
Increase elongation at break
Decrease modulus
Decrease maximum tensile strength
4. NBR was disperse phase in PLA matrix

73. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 73
PLA/NBR compoundsPLA/NBR compounds
1. DCP resulted to PLA decrease crystallinity
2. DCP resulted to PLA increase Td
3. DCP resulted to PLA/NBR compounds
Increase elongation at break
Decrease modulus
Decrease maximum tensile strength
4. DCP improved miscibility between PLA and NBR

74. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 74
PLA/NBR blends + OMMTPLA/NBR blends + OMMT
1. OMMT resulted to PLA increase crystallinity.
2. OMMT resulted to PLA increase Td.
3. OMMT resulted to PLA/NBR blends
Decrease elongation at break
Decrease modulus
Decrease maximum tensile strength

75. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 75
PLA/NBR compoundsPLA/NBR compounds
1. OMMT resulted to PLA increase crystallinity.
2. OMMT resulted to PLA increase Td.
3. OMMT resulted to PLA/NBR compounds
Increase elongation at break
Decrease modulus
Decrease maximum tensile strength

76. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 76

77. ConclusionConclusion Thermal properties Tg
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 68
Figure 4.43 Tg of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of NBR

78. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 69
ConclusionConclusion Thermal properties Tm1
Figure 4.44 Tm1 of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of NBR

79. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 70
ConclusionConclusion Thermal properties Tm2
Figure 4.45 Tm2 of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of NBR

80. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 71
ConclusionConclusion Thermal properties %Xc
Figure 4.46 %Xc of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of NBR

81. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 72
ConclusionConclusion Thermal properties Td
Figure 4.47 Tm2 of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of NBR

82. ConclusionConclusion Mechanical properties Modulus
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University
Figure 4.48 Modulus of PLA/NBR blends in different weight content of
NBR
82

83. ConclusionConclusion Mechanical properties
Maximum Tensile
Strength
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 83
Figure 4.49 Maximum tensile strength of PLA/NBR blends in different
weight content of NBR

84. ConclusionConclusion Mechanical properties
% Elongation at
Break
Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn UniversityFaculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University 84
Figure 4.50 Maximum tensile strength of PLA/NBR blends in different
weight content of NBR