2.  External or
internal
bleeding
common with
trauma
patients
 Control
bleeding quickly
to prevent

3.  Risk of infectious disease from contact with the
patient’s blood or body fluids
 Follow standard precautions
 Serious injury may prevent effective clotting
 Significant blood loss will cause shock and possibly
death

5.  Perform the standard assessment
 Estimate severity of blood loss
 Assess the patient for shock

9. Apply roller bandage.

10. Used to control bleeding
Prevents contamination
Dressings should be:
◦Sterile
◦Larger than the wound
◦Thick, soft, compressible
◦Lint free (no cotton balls)

11.  Gauze pads
 Adhesive
strips
 Trauma
dressings
 Improvise

12.  Hemorrhage: Rapid blood loss
◦ Adult: 1 quart may lead to shock
◦ Child: 1 pint loss of blood
 Dressing
◦A protective covering for a wound
–
 Bandage
◦A material used to hold a dressing
in place

13.  Application
◦Wash hands
◦Dressing should extend over
edges of wound
◦Do not touch dressing surface
that is to be next to the wound
◦Cover with a bandage

14.  Holding dressings in place
 Applying pressure
 Prevent or reduce swelling
 Provide support or stability

15.  Leave toes and fingers
exposed if possible
◦Bandage too tight? Check for
color, circulation, temperature
 Wrap towards the heart
◦Small end of bone to large end

16.  Roller gauze
 Improvised
 Triangular
 Adhesive / paper
tape
 Adhesive strips
 Tourniquets are
rarely recommended
◦ Damage to nerves
and vessels

17. Hemophiliacs
Aspirin

18.  Protruding bone
 Skull fracture
 Embedded object
 Stick
 Shrapnel

19.  Abrasion – scrape
 Incision – smooth edged cut
 Laceration – jagged irregular edges
 Puncture – deep, narrow stab wound
◦ High rate of infection (animal bites)
 Avulsion – flap of skin torn loose
 Amputation – cutting off a body part

20.  Crushing
◦ Poor chance of reattachment
 Guillotine
◦ Clean cut
◦ Good chance of reattachment
 (fingertips of kitchen counter)
 De-gloving
◦ Skin peeled off

21.  Control bleeding
 Treat for shock
 Recover body part
 Transport

22.  Wrap in dry clean cloth
◦Do not wrap in wet dressing
 Place in waterproof container
 Place bag on bed of ice
 Transport immediately

23.  DO NOT REMOVE !!!!!!!!!!!!
 Control bleeding
 Stabilize object
 Shorten object only if necessary
 One exception:
◦ If impaled in cheek and > l hour
from help and Pencil is through &
through
 Control bleeding
 Dressings inside and outside of
cheek

24.  Do not apply pressure to eye
 Place padding around object
 Stabilize object
◦Paper cup
 Cover both eyes
◦Explain to victim

25.  Flush 20 minutes
with low pressure
water
◦ Remove contacts
◦ Flush outward
◦ Roll eyeball
 Loosely bandage
both eyes with
cold, wet
dressings

26. Dust off chemical
Protect yourself
Then rinse 20 minutes

27. Do not replace in
socket
 Cover loosely with moistened
sterile dressing
 Pad around area
 Cover with paper cup etc.
 Cover uninjured eye

28.  Watery blood could mean a skull fracture
 Allow victim to sit up and tilt the affected
ear lower to let blood drain out
 Only if no Spinal Injury Suspected
 Cover ear with loose dressing but DO NOT
apply pressure

29.  Knocked out tooth
 Broken tooth

30.  Rinse mouth / rinse tooth if dirty
 Place roll of gauze in the socket
 Do not scrub or use alcohol or
mouthwash on the tooth
 Never touch root
 Transport in cold, whole milk

31.  Broken tooth?
◦ Clean area
◦ Cold compress
◦ Remote area? Candle wax, gum
 Fractured jaw?
◦ Immobilize
◦ Medical attention

32.  Suspect spine
injury
 Profuse bleeding
 Skull or brain
exposure?
 Indentation in
skull?
 Control bleeding

33.  Depressed skull fracture?
◦ Apply pressure around edges of
wound
◦ Elevate head and shoulders if
appropriate
 Lessens bleeding
 Do not remove impaled
objects
◦ Immobilize with bulky dressings

34.  Signs and symptoms
◦ Penetrating wound
◦ Point tenderness
◦ Deformity

35. ◦ Bleeding from ears or nose
◦ Leakage of clear or pink watery fluid
from ears or nose (CSF fluid)
 Halo effect
◦ Discoloration under eyes or behind ears
◦ Unequal pupils
◦ Profuse bleeding

36.  Monitor ABC’s
 Apply dressing
 Control bleeding as best as possible
 Stabilize neck (elevate head if appropriate)
 Do not clean open skull fracture
 Do not stop CSF flow