Our assignment about the Profile of Viet Nam. It could be not sufficient but we have tried all our best. We felt quite satisfied with this result.

1. Ho Chi Minh City, June 3, 2011 VietnamProfile Course: Population, Migration and Urban Development Lecturer: Prof. Rod Burgess

2. Outline & Assignment

3. General info. Map & Location Area : 331.051 km2 Population (2009) : 86.024.600 Density : 260 pp/km2 Location : Southeast Asia N 16 ° 10 '- E 107 ° 50' Borders: China, Laos, Cambodia, South East Sea Climate: tropical monsoon Summer monsoon: May-October Dry season: Dec - Apr High humidity: Average 84% Annual rainfall: 120-300 cm p.ann, 90% in summer Overview – Geographical background

5. 938AD-19th Century: Early independence

6. 19th century: French colony

7. 1945-1954: Indochina War

8. 1954: Independent

9. 1954-1975: Vietnam War

10. 1975: United North & South

11. 1986 : DoiMoi policy

12. 1995: Member of ASEAN

13. 2007: Member of WTOOverview – History: Socialist Republic of Vietnam

14. 64 Provinces Districts Communes In 8 Regions Urban division 05 centrally governed cities Provincial cities Towns Overview – Administrative Division

15. Demographic Profile

16. Distribution of population Population growth rates Population density Ethnicity Population Pyramids Sex ratios Life expectancy Households Demographic - Profile

17. Outline: (Duration based on the last 2 cencus in Vietnam 1999-2009 Compare 05 countries on the following aspects: Part 1. Size of total population (mil.) Population growth rate is a basic indicator reflecting the level of population increased or decreased during a year as the result of the natural increase or migration in comparison with average population in the year. Annual population growth rate (% p.a.) Birth rate & death rate (per 1000) >> work out the natural growth rate: live births – deaths 4. Distribution of population by sex (% total population) Part 2. Also compare 05 countries Population structure by age groups and sex Life expectance from birth Demographic - Indicators

18. High population: 85,5 million people (in 13th world population ranking level) Rapid Growth but getting slowdown. Irregular distribution of population. Demographic - Population Growth Rates.

19. Demographic - Population Distribution Irregular distribution population: Plain, midland, mountain 75 % ppl in plain 25 % ppl in midland and mountain Urban and rural 26,9 % ppl Urban 73,1 % ppl Rural

20. Demographic - Population Density Average density: 261 ppl/sqkm one of the highest levels in the world. High concentrate in two main economic region: Red river delta, Mekong delta. Hung Yen Province: 1221 ppl/sqkm Can Tho Province: 420 ppl/sqkm Lai Chau Province: 40 ppl/sqkm

21. Demographic - Ethnicity High diversity: 54 ethnic groups But Almost is minorities 53 Minority Ethnics have 13, 4 % population. 3,2 million Vietnamese are living abroad.

22. Demographic - Population Growth (1980 – 2020) Sources: www.CIA.gov ; www.aseansec.org

23. Demographic - Population growth (1980 - 2020) Sources: www.CIA.gov ; www.aseansec.org; http://data.un.org/

24. Comparison of Population Pyramid Age and sex distribution (1990 - 1995): Demographic - Population Pyramid

25. Demographic - Population Pyramid Comparison of Population Pyramid Age and sex distribution (2000):

26. Demographic - Households

27. Demographic - Households

28. Demographic - Sex Ratio Sex ratio: Imbalance, especially in Red river delta. BacGiang province: 128 boys/100 girls Ha Giang province: 96 boys/100 girls In ethnicity minority communities: More Girls than Boys In Plain, Kinh ethnic: More Girls than Boys

29. Demographic - Life Expectance Life expectance: (in world ranking) Cambodia: 178th Vietnam: 129th Malaysia: 112nd Thailand: 113rd Japan: 5th

30. Economic Profile

32. Structure and Growth of Output

33. Saving & Investment

34. Import & Export

35. Foreign Direct Investment

36. Foreign Trade

37. Unemployment Rate

38. Inflation Rate

39. Government Budget

40. External Debt

41. Lending & Borrowing

42. ODA Mobilization over 2006-2009

43. Energy Infrastructure

44. Transport Infrastructure

45. Access to Information Technology

46. Labour market trend

47. Employment and Unemployment trends

48. Wages and income

49. Social protection and Workplace safety and health

50. Labor productivity and competitivenessEconomic - Profile

52. The world's average GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) value is US$ 1403.50 Billion; Vietnam is US$ 1,299.93 less than the average.Economic - Size Of Economy - 2010 Source : World Bank Year 2010 Source : IMF Source : IMF

53. Source : World Bank Economic - Size, Growth Of Economy - 2010

54. Economic - Structure & Growth Source : ADB - Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific

56. The world's average Investment (% of GDP) value is 21.70 %; Vietnam is 16.38% more than the average.

58. In the previous year, 2009, Gross National Savings (% of GDP) for Vietnam was 31.56 % Gross National Savings (% of GDP) for Vietnam in 2010 is 8.62% more than it was in 2009.Source : IMF

61. In the previous year, 2009, Value of Oil Exports for Vietnam was US$ 6.20 Billions. Value of Oil Exports for Vietnam in 2010 is 19.97% less than it was in 2009.Value of Oil Exports ( Billion US Dollars) Source : IMF Economic - Import & Export

62. Economic - Foreign Direct Investment Source : General Statistics Office of Vietnam

63. Source : World Bank Economic - Foreign Trade Import & Export of Goods, Services as % of GDP

64. Economic - Foreign Trade (Cont) Origin of Merchandise Imports, 2009 (%) Destination of Merchandise Export, 2009 (%) Source : ADB- Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific

65. Economic - Unemployment Rates The unemployment rate in Vietnam was last reported at 2.9 percent in 2010 (Unemployment rate is defined as the level of unemployment divided by the labor force)

66. Economic - Inflation Rates The inflation rate in Vietnam was last reported at 17.5 percent in April of 2011(Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power )

67. Economic - Government Budget Vietnam reported a government budget deficit equivalent to 7.70 percent of the GDP in 2009. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments).

68. Economic - External Debt Debt – External: $33.45 billion (31 Dec 2010 est) $27.84 (31 Dec 2009 est) Vietnam’s external debt position has historically been robust, but has been negatively affected by the global crisis and domestic macroeconomic instability since late 2008. Vietnam remains at low risk of external debt distress, but debt indicators have deteriorated due to the negative impact of the global crisis and the increased macroeconomic risks in late 2009 (IMF Report, Sep 2010) source: IMF

71. Economic - ODA Mobilization over 1993 - 2009 Distribution of ODA by Sectors & Areas ODA by periods UNIT: Million USD Commitment Signed Disbursement Source: Ministry of planning & Investment ODA commitment, signed agreement and disbursement – Comparison among different periods Unit: Million USD

73. 1990 – 2008: Electricity consumption increase 90.6%, average annual growth rate of 5.0%pa

74. 80% households are supplied electricitySource: World Bank

78. Road network density: 46km/100km2

79. Motor vehicles per 1000people (2007): 13. Singapore: 149; Japan: 595; Laos: 21 Source: World Bank

80. Economic - Transport Infrastructure (2/2) Average Annual Percentage Growth in Road Networks, 1990 to Latest Year Source : ADB- Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific

85. Almost employees in rural areas and household did not join insurance

86. The voluntary system has also been weak in attracting working youth.

87. Compulsory programmer

90. Social Profile

91. Social - Profile 1.Poverty 2. Education 3. Access to housing & services 4. Health & nutrition

92. Population Below National Poverty Line Population Below International Poverty Line Social - Provety

93. Total NET enrolment ratio in primacy education Adult literacy rate Social - Education

95. The number of improved Sanitation increased faster than other countries.

96.  Vietnam pay attention more in improving people’s living conditions.Social - Houses & Services (1/2)

97. Social - Houses & Services (2/2)

98. Social - Health & Nutrition (1/3)

99. Social - Health & Nutrition (2/3) -1945 Vietnam had 70 hospitals with a total of 3,000 beds, and it had1physician /180,000 popular. -1979 there were 713 hospitals with 205,700 beds - Quality of public health care and the level of medical technology remained inadequate, however, and authorities were increasingly concerned about such problems as nutritional deficiency, mental health, and old-age illnesses.

100. Social - Health & Nutrition (3/3) PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH 2001 (% GDP): 5.1% HEALTH EXPENDITURE PER CAPITA 2003 (PPP US $) : $134 INFANTILE MORTALITY RATE per 1000 live births 199039.1200919.5 UNDER FIVE MORTALITY RATE (per 1000 live births)1990 202 200923.6 TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( births per woman )(MDG) 1990 3.7 20092 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (per one hundred thousand live births adjusted) 2001 :56

101. Environmental Profile

102. Land Use Biodiversity Water Energy Emissions Disasters Commitment Environmental - Profile

103. Source: PAD http://www.mekong-protected-areas.org/index.htm Source: World Bank 2010 Table 3.1 & 5 Environmental - Land use

104. Environmental - Biodiversity Source: World Bank 2010 Table 3.4

105. Environmental - Deforestation (2007) Forest area: 134 thousand sq.km % of total land: 43.3 Average annual deforestation (% change) Source: World Bank 2010 Table 3.4

106. Environmental - Water Using & Consumption Supply Freshwater Resources 2007: 4304 m3 per capita Demand Annual Freshwater Withdrawals Total: 71.4 billion m3 % of total resources: 19.5 Distribution of Withdrawals (%) Irrigated land (% of cropland) 1979-1981: 24.1 1994-1996: 29.6 2001-2003: 33.9 Source: World Bank 2000, 2008, 2010

108. Most of the biomass energy is utilized in rural areas as home energy.http://www.asiabiomass.jp

109. Vietnam Forecast of power generation mix % by fuel from 2009 – 2015 (source BMI – Industry Forecast Scenario, Q1 2011) Environmental - Energy in General View

111. Vietnam used less Petroleum than Japan (highest consumption), Thailand and Malaysia.(Source: EIA-Energy Information Administration) Petroleum Consumption

113. In 2009: DUNG QUOC Oil Refinery Plant operated and has provided 30% refined oil production for demand inner Vietnam.

114. In 2015: NGHI SON Oil Refinery Plant will be finished and will provided 80%refined oil production for demand inner Vietnam.

116. Vietnam used less Natural Gas than Malaysia, Thailand and Japan (highest consumption)(Source: EIA-Energy Information Administration)

118. Vietnam used less Coal than Thailand and Japan (highest consumption)(Source: EIA-Energy Information Administration)

121. Cost: US$380 million.

122. Supporter: World Bank (financial and technical).

123. Loan: from International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). (Source: EIA-Energy Information Administration)

124. Environmental - Total Primary Energy Total Primary Energy Consumption Total Primary Energy Production In the 5 countries group: Vietnam produced and used less primary Energy than Malaysia, Thailand and Japan (highest production and consumption-world rank: 3) (Source: EIA-Energy Information Administration)

126. National CO2 emission: 14 million tons (1980), increased to 80 (2005)

127. Rapid of Co2 in transport sector (14% to 25%)

128. Methane Mainly from Agricultural: decreased 70% (1990) to 67% (2005)

130. Environmental - Government Commitments Source : World Bank World Development Indicator 2010

131. Urbanization Profile

133. Urban System

137. The level of four countries (Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Thailand) are increasing as they enter the second phase of curve “S”. However, Japan is increasing slowly as enters in the fourth phase of “S” curve (flatten off)Source: Global report on Human settlement 2009 – table B.3

139. Thus, the Tempo of urbanization increase from 2.33% to 3.01% over 3 periods.Source: Global report on Human settlement 2009 – table B.2 – B.3

141. Cambodia is the country which has the highest percentage of Tempo of urbanization over 3 periods. In contrast, Japan is the country which has the smallest percentage of Tempo of urbanization over 3 periods

142. It mean: there is a big difference between the rate of growth of the urban and rural population in Cambodia, a small ones in Japan from 2000 to 2030.Source: Global report on Human settlement 2009 – table B.1 – B.3

144. The rate of migrants in the first 25 years was just one fourth but it increased rapidly to over a half ò total urban population in t he next 25 years. The speed of urbanization in Vietnam higher an higher.

155. Inequality in Ho Chi Minh city is very evident by the contrast of rich areas and slums in the urban space. The gap between the rich and the poor is bigger and bigger.

157. The number of Medical doctor for every 10,000 resident in Ho Chi Minh city up to the year of 2008 is 8.2. It is much lower than the international standard that is around 25.

158. HCM city is the medical centre of the whole country, so all the hospitals and health care centre were overload.

159. Number of population which was provided safe water in Ho Chi Minh city was lower than the demand

160. Fresh waterSource: SAWACO: 2009

162. The transportation system in Ho Chi Minh city at the current time is inadequate. Ratio of landuse for transportation is only 4.87% of total urban area.

163. The invasion of motorbikes and complicated road system leads congestions inside the city.

165. Sanitation

166. The poor infrastructure of drainage system causes flooding in some location inside Ho Chi Minh city which is one main reason leading to the terrible traffic congestion.