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The Reproductive System Nelia B. Perez RN, MSN Academic Coordinator College of Nursing
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE
Ovary = primary sex organ: paired,  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ovary – cont. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oogenesis: egg formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oogenesis ,[object Object]
Oogenesis ,[object Object]
Oogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Oogenesis -menstruation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary Sex Organs –Fallopian tubes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary sex organs-  Uterus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary sex organs - Vagina ,[object Object]
Secondary sex organs - Vulva ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary sex cells – Mammary Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
P3: List the functions of the seminal fluid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
y
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
P4: Identify the tail, midpiece, head and acrosome of a mature sperm and state their functions. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
P6: Demonstrate a knowledge of the control of testosterone levels by the endocrine system . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
P5: Describe the functions of testosterone. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnostic Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Chapter 47 Management of Patients With Female Reproductive Disorders
Vulvovaginal Infections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structural Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Benign Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Malignant Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hysterectomy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radiation Therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnostic Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions Affecting the Nipple ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Breast Infections ,[object Object],[object Object]
Breast Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Medical and Surgical Management of Breast Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Medical and Surgical Management of Breast Cancer (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Nursing Management  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Management  (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diseases of the Male Breast ,[object Object],[object Object]
BREAST SELF EXAMINATION
THE BREAST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical value ,[object Object],[object Object]
Recommendation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advantages of BSE Women can use BSE to asses their breasts. When they perform BSE properly and regularly, they can not any changes in their breasts and seek further evaluation. Examination should be done every month and at the end of menses in all menstruating women.
Barrier to BSE The major barrier to BSE is the lack of CONFIDENCE
Physical assessment findings in a healthy adult ,[object Object],[object Object]
By inspection the breast should be: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In palpation the breast should be: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment interview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Assessment interview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Identifying clients at risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SIGNS OF BREAST CANCER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Women are screened for breast cancer in 3 ways: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Women are screened for breast cancer in 3 ways: ,[object Object],[object Object]
BIOPSY is a  medical test  involving the removal of  cells  or  tissues  for examination. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Breast Tumors and Preferred Method of Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stage IV Distant Metastasis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Stage III Breast Mass locally extensive; axillary supraclavicular and internal mammary nodes positive Radical mastectomy preferred with or without postoperative irradiation Stage II Breast Mass Localized; axillary nodes positive Radical mastectomy preferred by surgeons. Some prefer simple mastectomy plus or without irradiation. Stage I Breast Mass Localized; all nodes negative Treatment Clinical Anatomic Observation
STEPS IN BREAST SELF EXAMINATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inspection before a mirror ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Palpation: Lying Position ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Palpation: Standing or Sitting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The next slide is a video about breast awareness and how to perform BSE
 
Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnostic Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disorders of Male Sexual Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disorders of Male Sexual Function (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Infections of the Male Genitourinary Tract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Infections of the Male Genitourinary Tract (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions of the Prostate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions Affecting the Testes and Adjacent Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions Affecting the Testes and Adjacent Structures (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions Affecting the Penis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter 52 Management of Patients With HIV Infection and AIDS
HIV and AIDS
HIV ,[object Object],[object Object]
AIDS ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What symptoms are there? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV attacks the body ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV is Spread ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV is spread continued... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV is spread continued… ,[object Object]
How HIV is NOT spread ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV is NOT spread cont… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How HIV is NOT spread cont… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stages of HIV Disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment of HIV Infection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Complementary and Alternative Modalities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotional and Ethical Concerns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Burn Injuries
BURN INJURIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimating the extent of injury ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],9 18 9 18 9 18 1
Assessment of Burn Injury Takes several weeks to heal. Scarring may occur. Takes several weeks to heal. Scarring may occur. Superficial: Pink or red; blisters form (vesicles); weeping, edematous, elastic. Superficial layers of skin are destroyed; wound moist and painful. Deep dermal: Mottled white and red: edematous reddened areas blanch on pressure. May be yellowish but soft and elastic – may or may not be sensitive to touch; sensitive to cold air. Hair does not pull out easily Second degree In about 5 days, epidermis peels, heals spontaneously. Itching and pink skin persist for about a week. No scarring. Heals spont. If it does not become infected w/in 10 days  - 2 weeks. Pink to red: slight edema, which subsides quickly. Pain may last up to 48 hours. Relieved by cooling. Sunburn is a typical example. First Degree Reparative Process Assessment of Extent Extent / Degree
Assessment of Burn Injury ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Eschar must be removed. Granulation tissue forms to nearest epithelium from wound margins or support graft. For areas larger than 3-5 cm, grafting is required. Expect scarring and loss of skin function. Area requires debridement, formation of granulation tissue, and grafting. Destruction of epithelial cells – epidermis and dermis destroyed Reddened areas do not blanch with pressure. Not painful; inelastic; coloration varies from waxy white to brown; leathery devitalized tissue is called  eschar. Destruction of epithelium, fat, muscles, and bone. Third degree Reparative Process Assessment of Extent Extent / Degree
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],BURN ↑  Vascular permeability ↓  Cardiac output ↑  Peripheral resistance ↑  Viscosity ↑  Hematocrit ↓  IV volume Edema
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BURN INTERVENTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Resuscitative phase - begins w/ the initiation of fluids and ends when capillary integrity returns to near normal levels and the large fluid shifts have decreased - the amount of fluid administered is based on the client’s weight and extent of injury - most fluid replacement formulas are calculated from the time of injury and not from the time of arrival at the hospital - the goal is to prevent shock by maintaining adequate circulating blood volume and maintaining vital organ perfusion Emergent phase  - begins at the time of injury and ends with the restoration of capillary permeability, usually at 48-72 hours after the injury - the 1 ˚ goal is to prevent hypovolemic shock and preserve vital organ functioning - includes prehospital care and emergency room care
Rehabilitative phase - final phase of burn care - overlaps the acute care phase and goes well beyond hospitalization - goals of this phase are designed so that the client can gain independence and achieve maximal function Acute phase - begins when the client is hemodynamically stable, capillary permeability is restored, and diuresis has begun - usually begins 48 - 72 hours after the time of injury - emphasis during this phase is placed on restorative therapy, and the phase continues until wound closure is achieved - the focus is on infection control, wound care, wound closure, nutritional support, pain management, and physical therapy
FLUID SHIFTING IN BURNS OLIGURIC PHASE – Intravascular to Interstitial Hct increased, renal output decreased, hyper K, hypo Na, hypo CHON, metabolic acidosis DIURETIC PHASE – Interstitial to Intravascular Hct decreased, renal output increased, hypo K, hypo Na, hypo CHON, metabolic acidosis
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
½ in 1 st  8 hours ½ in next 16 hours crystalloid only (lactated Ringer’s)‏ PARKLAND (Baxter)‏ 4ml/kg/% BSA for 24hr period ½ in 1 st  8 hours ½ in next 16 hours ¾ crystalloid, ¼ colloid D5W maintenance BROOKE 2ml/kg/% BSA + 2000ml/24hr (maintenance)‏ Infusion Rate Solution Formula Brooke and Parkland (Baxter) Fluid Resuscitation Formulas for 1 st  24hrs after a Burn Injury
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages Advantages Method Open Method Versus Closed Method of Wound Care
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Repro

  • 1. The Reproductive System Nelia B. Perez RN, MSN Academic Coordinator College of Nursing
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  • 44. Chapter 47 Management of Patients With Female Reproductive Disorders
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  • 70. Advantages of BSE Women can use BSE to asses their breasts. When they perform BSE properly and regularly, they can not any changes in their breasts and seek further evaluation. Examination should be done every month and at the end of menses in all menstruating women.
  • 71. Barrier to BSE The major barrier to BSE is the lack of CONFIDENCE
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  • 88. The next slide is a video about breast awareness and how to perform BSE
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  • 100. Chapter 52 Management of Patients With HIV Infection and AIDS
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  • 130. Assessment of Burn Injury Takes several weeks to heal. Scarring may occur. Takes several weeks to heal. Scarring may occur. Superficial: Pink or red; blisters form (vesicles); weeping, edematous, elastic. Superficial layers of skin are destroyed; wound moist and painful. Deep dermal: Mottled white and red: edematous reddened areas blanch on pressure. May be yellowish but soft and elastic – may or may not be sensitive to touch; sensitive to cold air. Hair does not pull out easily Second degree In about 5 days, epidermis peels, heals spontaneously. Itching and pink skin persist for about a week. No scarring. Heals spont. If it does not become infected w/in 10 days - 2 weeks. Pink to red: slight edema, which subsides quickly. Pain may last up to 48 hours. Relieved by cooling. Sunburn is a typical example. First Degree Reparative Process Assessment of Extent Extent / Degree
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  • 139. Rehabilitative phase - final phase of burn care - overlaps the acute care phase and goes well beyond hospitalization - goals of this phase are designed so that the client can gain independence and achieve maximal function Acute phase - begins when the client is hemodynamically stable, capillary permeability is restored, and diuresis has begun - usually begins 48 - 72 hours after the time of injury - emphasis during this phase is placed on restorative therapy, and the phase continues until wound closure is achieved - the focus is on infection control, wound care, wound closure, nutritional support, pain management, and physical therapy
  • 140. FLUID SHIFTING IN BURNS OLIGURIC PHASE – Intravascular to Interstitial Hct increased, renal output decreased, hyper K, hypo Na, hypo CHON, metabolic acidosis DIURETIC PHASE – Interstitial to Intravascular Hct decreased, renal output increased, hypo K, hypo Na, hypo CHON, metabolic acidosis
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  • 142. ½ in 1 st 8 hours ½ in next 16 hours crystalloid only (lactated Ringer’s)‏ PARKLAND (Baxter)‏ 4ml/kg/% BSA for 24hr period ½ in 1 st 8 hours ½ in next 16 hours ¾ crystalloid, ¼ colloid D5W maintenance BROOKE 2ml/kg/% BSA + 2000ml/24hr (maintenance)‏ Infusion Rate Solution Formula Brooke and Parkland (Baxter) Fluid Resuscitation Formulas for 1 st 24hrs after a Burn Injury
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  • 151. Thank You! share this to anyone: