8. Structures: Post and Beam (Also known as Post and Lintel ) Example: Stonehenge, Salisbury, England, c. 2500 BCE Post and Beam: Weight Distribution Beam (or Lintel) Post Post

9. Structures: Post and Beam (Also known as Post and Lintel ) Example: Temple of Poseidon, Athens, c. 430 BCE Post and Beam: Weight Distribution Beam (or Lintel) Post Post

10. Structures: Post and Beam (Also known as Post and Lintel ) Example: Frank Lloyd Wright, Ennis House, 1924. Post and Beam: Weight Distribution Beam (or Lintel) Post Post

11. Structures: Arches Arches: Weight Distribution Example: Byzantine Cathedral, Jerada, Syria, 5 th century CE

12. Structures: Arches Arches: Weight Distribution Example: Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain, 10 th century CE

13. Structures: Arches Arches: Weight Distribution Example: Triumphal Arch of Trajan, Benevento, Italy, c. 98-117 CE.

14. Structures: Arches Arcade: Weight Distribution

15. Structures: Arches Arcade Example: Pont du Gard (Aqueduct), France, c. 1 st century CE

16. Structures: Vaults Barrel Vault Groin Vault

17. Structures: Vaults Barrel Vault Barrell Vault Example: Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, 1303 CE

18. Structures: Vaults Groin Vault Palazzo della Ragione, Venice, Italy, 16 th century

19. Structures: Domes Dome on Squinches Dome on Pendentives Dome on a cylinder

20. Structures: Domes Dome on Squinches Example: Alai Gate, New Delhi, India, 1311.

21. Structures: Domes Dome on Pendentives Example: Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, 563 CE.

22. Structures: Domes Dome on a Cylinder Example: Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 693 CE

23. Structures: Buttresses Pier Buttress Flying Buttress

24. Structures: Buttresses Pier Buttress Example: Westminster Abbey, London, c. 1245.

25. Structures: Buttresses Flying Buttress Example: Cathedral de Notre Dame, Paris, 1163-1345 CE.

26. Structures: Suspension Suspension Structure Example: Jeppesen Terminal Building, Denver International Airport, 1994

27. Structures: Shell Shell Structure Example: Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, 1957-1973.

28. Materials Innovative: Stones Inca Stonework (no mortar), Cuzco, c. 13 th century CE Stonewall with Mortar

29. Material Innovations: Concrete Concrete Example: Pantheon, Rome, 126 CE

30. Material Innovations: Cast Iron Cast Iron Example: Joseph Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, 1850-1851.

31. Material Innovations: Steel Steel Beams Example: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, New York, 1956-1958

32. Question: How does a building interact with its environment? Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater (The Edgar Kaufmann Residence), Bear Run Pennsylvania, 1936.

33. Question: How does a building interact with its environment? Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater (The Edgar Kaufmann Residence), Bear Run Pennsylvania, 1936.

34. Question: How does a building interact with its environment? Johnson Wax Building, Racine, Wisconsin, 1936.

35. Question: How does a building interact with its environment? Johnson Wax Building, Racine, Wisconsin, 1936.

36. Question: How does the viewer fit into or interact with the space? Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, c. 563 CE. Human

37. Question: How does the viewer interact with or form the space? Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, c. 563 CE. Agia Dynami, Athens, Greece, c. 15 th century CE

38. Question: How does the viewer interact with or form the space? Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, c. 563 CE. Agia Dynami, Athens, Greece, c. 15 th century CE

39. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? The Roman Basilica

40. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? The Roman Basilica, a reconstruction of Trajan’s Basilica Ulpia, c.

41. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? The Roman Basilica, a reconstruction of Trajan’s Basilica Ulpia, c.

42. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? The Christian Basilica.

43. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? The Christian Basilica, Aula Palatina, built 3 rd century by Constantius Chlorus, converted to a church in the late 4 th century

44. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, c. 563 CE.

45. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? Frank Gehry, Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, 2003.

46. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1959.

47. Question: How does the form of the building echo the practical and ideological functions of the building? Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1959.