Interpersonal Attraction and Personality Styles

Examples Of Interpersonal Attraction And Personality
Klohnen, E. C., & Luo, S. (2003). Interpersonal attraction and personality: What is attractive–– self
similarity, ideal similarity, complementarity or attachment security?. Journal Of Personality And
Social Psychology, 85(4), 709–722. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.85.4.709 From:
http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=7fd831d3–76f8–4f4c–a98e–
19017c5ef3c9%40sessionmgr4010 Overview: The study of what makes us attracted to some people
but not others. Focuses on how personality and attachment plays a role in attraction.
Definitions/examples Secure attachment: characterized by high self esteem and high interpersonal
trust. This is the most successful and most desirable attachment style. Fearful–avoidant attachment:
characterized by low self esteem and low interpersonal trust. This is the most insecure and least
adaptable attachment style. Methods used Participants were single undergraduate students. 7 point
Likert scale was used to answer 10 questions that help measure different aspects of attraction.
Participants were divided by their bets fitting attachment style from a composite score of anxiety
and avoidance. Findings about the issue Evidence of attractiveness similarity Concerns The simple
ideas looked at in this study are much more complex than a single straight forward answer. These
ideas may not actually be realistic or obtainable. Outcomes Attachment style effects attraction (in
general most attracted to secure partners, least attracted to fearful
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Literature Review On Interpersonal Attraction
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Interpersonal Attraction Attraction plays an important part in developing relationships because when
a person is attracted to someone, he or she will want to get to know that person more by spending
time with him or her, thus leading to a bond and deeper understanding of each other. The personal
characteristic, preferences and environment play a role in creating an interpersonal attraction
towards opposite sex. It will be a major determinant the first time two people see each other and
eventually how they feel to each other. The interpersonal attraction will surely affects the interaction
of two people from opposite sexes. However, the interpersonal attraction of two people of opposite
sex was relatively extended to a romantic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, when someone ask for a potential partner, physical attractiveness was always on the list of
the subject.
Proximity
A famous study by Leon Festinger, Stanley Schacter, and Kurtt Back (1950) in a student housing
development revealed that the development of friendships was influenced by the distance between
the units in which the people lived. The closer the students' rooms were to each other, the better the
chances that they would become friends. The people who became friends were those who had the
greatest opportunity to interact with each other.
Distance is one of the major factors in attraction. For example, in the first day of high school, we are
more likely to befriend the people who sit close to us than with those who sit 3 or 4 chairs away
from us.
Proximity allows us to get to know a person more, for the exposure we had with them makes it less
frightening to interact with them. Exposure increases attraction. However, when the initial
interaction was unpleased, repeated exposure will not increase attention. Decrease on repeated
exposure only happens when initial interaction was

The Halo Effect: Physical Attractiveness Stereotypes
Known as one of psychology oldest phenomena, the Halo Effect is a study that can have a variety of
outcomes depending on a person's judgement. It is considered a phenomena that many have used on
a daily basis without realizing it in terms views of politicians and celebrities.
Developed by Edward Thorndike in 1920, the main concept of the Halo Effect is how a person's see
an idea, person, or thing firsthand. Also known as the "physical attractiveness stereotype", the Halo
Effect is the tendency for someone to favor another person based on physical appearance than
overall personality (Standing, 2004). A relatable example of the Halo Effect in terms of Standing's
definition can be the typical High School Football's star. Many young women see the football's star
as just being handsome and attractive, but may have a cold–hearted personality that can turn–off
most of these women once they get to know the football' star. Other researchers over the years have
elaborated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One particular study in 1985 done by researchers, Lachman and Bass thought that their particular
was parallel to Thorndike's original concept. To test their hypothesis, the researchers administered a
rating scale to a psychology's class. The participants in this study were then asked to rate five
individuals given on a 7–point scale with 1 considered to be strongly dislike and 7 considered
strongly like. A week later, they reuse the participants and asked them once again to rate the same
five individuals but on a more detailed rating scale. The end result of Lachman and Bass (1985)
study saw that, "The data indicated that the correlations between the liking rating and the 16
individual trait ratings were generally positive and in some instances quite substantial" (p. 538). In
more simple terms, there was a significant different from both the popular ones on the rating list and
the unpopular

Romantic Red's Attraction To Women
In a journal article published in 2013, the authors deliberate on their research discoveries. Romantic
red revisited: Red enhances men's attraction to young, but not menopausal women, written by
Sascha Schwarz and Marie Singer, discusses the color red and its effects on men's attraction to
women. The rest of this paper will focus on the details of the research such as the interests,
participants, and conclusions of the research, as well as the method of the research and the article's
contribution to the theories in social psychology (Schwarz & Singer, 2013).
In the journal article, the authors tell the reader what they were interested in, the questions they were
trying to answer, and provide information on the participants. The authors were interested in
learning if men find all women associated with the color red ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The research findings showed that a man's sexual attraction to a woman was increased by young
women associated with red, but it was not increased by older women with red. It also revealed that
the older participants found the two age groups of women equal in their sexual attraction, while the
younger participants did not find the older women, as sexually attractive as the younger women. The
color red did not affect physical attractiveness, intellect, and empathy. In addition, the article greatly
contributed to the theories of social psychology. In Exploring Psychology in Modules, the author
discusses physical attractiveness. He discusses how among different cultures, men are attracted to
women through signs of the body. These signs indicate fertility, which makes the man more attracted
to a woman. This understanding may help to show why both age groups of men were equally
attracted to the younger women in the pictures, as opposed to the older women, where only the older
men found them equally attractive to the younger women (Schwarz & Singer,

The Impact of Physically Evaluations Attractive Models on...
The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations Author(s): Michael J. Baker
and Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr. Source: Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Nov., 1977), pp.
538–555 Published by: American Marketing Association Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3151194 . Accessed: 02/05/2011 16:36
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use,
available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions
of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an
entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR
archive only for your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The interest is twofold. First, the marketeris interested in understanding perceptualprocess that
operates the within the consumer who is evaluating marketing stimuli. If the stimulus is an
advertisement,the emphasis is on discovery of the cues people use in responding to the
advertisement, the meaning they assign to these cues, and the total impressions they form from the
combinationof available cues [33, p. 225]. Second, the marketer is interested in understandingthe
relationshipbetween particularproducts and brandsand an individual'sself–concept, i.e., how the
consumption of certain products or brands contributes to how others perceive him or her. Having
delineateda certain self–concept that he or she wishes to convey to others, the consumer must decide
which productsare relevantto conveyingthese self–concepts, and exactly what self–concepts are
being conveyed by the use of different brands of the product, or differentproductswithina class of
substitutableproducts. Because the study is concerned with the evaluation of marketing
communications,furtherdiscussion of the latter point is beyond the scope of this article. For an
excellent discussion of the topic, see [33]. People do seem to use physical attractiveness as a cue in
making extensive inferences about the personality of others. Miller [21], for example, had subjects
Research Journalof Marketing
Vol. XIV (November 1977), 538–55
IMPACT PHYSICALLY OF ATTRACTIVE MODELS
539

The Theory Of Anger And Its Effects On The Individual 's...
Sell et al. (2009) address the relationship of anger to the ability to inflict costs and confer benefits
during negotiation through bargaining. This is assessed within the recalibrational theory of anger
which theorises there is an evolutionarily derived anger system that is used in bargaining to gain
favourable outcomes by incentivising others to re–assess the worth they place on the angry
individual's welfare. Welfare Trade Ratios (WTRs) compute how much worth is placed on the
welfare of another compared to the self within the recalibrational theory. Anger works to gain the
highest cost–effective WTR from others depending on bargaining position that is derived from an
individual's ability to inflict cost (through aggression) and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Therefore, anger is more effective in negotiation for stronger and more attractive persons.
The authors made these variables operational by proposing that:
A. for men upper–body strength predicts ability to inflict cost through aggression
B. for women attractiveness is used as an advantage in bargaining and would predict ability to
confer benefit They consequently predict that:
A. stronger men and more attractive women will have an advantage in bargaining (ability to inflict
cost/confer benefit), therefore succeed in conflicts more often, feel entitled to better treatment and
be more prone to anger.
B. Stronger men should have a history of fighting and endorse violence as a resolution to personal
and international conflict.
Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between self–report and upper–body
strength measures. Men's physical strength was measured using:
A. Lifting strength assessed using weight lifting machines (study 1)
B. Portable handgrip measures and cumulative scores of flexed bicep circumference, self and other
perceived strength (based on rating photographs) (study 2)
The sample from study 1 was recruited from a gym. This sample may have atypical features so the
student population was sampled in study 2. Participants in both studies completed self–report scales
assessing anger–proneness, fighting history, rumination, belief in the utility

No Physical Attraction
The Efficacy of No Physical Attraction
The concept of attraction has been defined in many ways by many different experts in the field of
relationships. From a biological standpoint it is stated that through the chemicals in our body (e.g.
hormones) we are attracted to one another (Eastwick, 2011). On the other hand, it is a naturalistic
feeling that happens of which we cannot explain through this essence of science nor technology. We
are attracted to those with the same level of emotional maturity or differentiation of self (Eastwick,
2011). It said opposites attract, but does our unconscious, internalize that attraction. This brings me
to my research question; can relationships be successful when there is no physical attraction? After
acquiring some knowledge on the topic in class and from previous readings, I have hypothesized
that a relationship can be successful without physical attraction if there is a strong communication or
friendship base association. I will now provide plausible theories that have been supported by
researchers to aid my argument. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men prefer young, beautiful women because this is an indicator of fertility and healthy whereas
women prefer supporting, resourceful, dominant men (Myers, 2013). Throughout time physical
attractiveness has been able to manipulate how we see romantic interest. From plastic surgeries to
just a simple change in how we dress can affect the physical attractiveness of perspective mates.
Men value physical attractiveness more than women did in a long–term relationship, but that these
sex differences would disappear when rating the importance of physical attractiveness in the context
of a short–term relationship appeared (Li et. al., 2013). Furthermore, the idea on spending your life
forever with someone is important, but not as important as how attractive they are which I found
very

The Attainment of Beauty & Attractiveness across Cultures
The Attainment of Beauty & Attractiveness across Cultures
What is beauty? Beauty is defined as "the quality of being physically attractive or the qualities in a
person or a thing that give pleasure to the senses or the mind" (Merriam–Webster dictionary, 2014,
para. 1). Heine (2012) has found that beauty and attractiveness can vary across cultures. Although,
there are specific features of a person that seem to be considered as beautiful and attractive across
all culture spectrums. These features are: complexion, bilateral symmetry, average sized facial
features, and biracial faces. However, weight in regards to attractiveness and beauty varies
drastically across cultures. Through this discovery, there may be a correlation between the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is an agreement that within and between cultures there are a broad–spectrum judgments of
facial attractiveness. However, there are not studies of the preferences of hunter–gatherers. Thus,
Anthony et al. (2007) set out to examine if there are any preferences, they examined preferences for
facial symmetry in both the UK and the Hadza; a hunter–gatherer society of Tanzania. The results
revealed that symmetry was more attractive over asymmetry, and was most prominently preferred
by the Hadza than in the UK. Anthony et al. (2007) presumed that a change in ecological conditions
may play a role in producing this difference. Symmetry is believed to specify genetic excellence,
which may be most important to individuals among the Hadza since there are greater mortality rates.
The Hadza men, known as the "good hunters", placed a high value on the symmetry of female faces,
most likely because it signifies superior genetics. Therefore, the results propose that high valued
Hadza men are more selective in their choice of their mate's faces. Also, pregnant or nursing Hadza
women tend to have an increase in preferences for symmetry in men's faces, this may occur because
the increased risk on the fetus and infant. Overall, these results suggest that symmetry is an
evolutionarily significant trait and that the difference in symmetry inclination appears intentional,
both amongst cultures

Women 's Makeup Is Associated With Positive Evaluations Of...
SECTION LABEL: Introduction Researchers have shown that women 's makeup is associated with
positive evaluations of attractiveness. Graham and Jouhar (1981) found that female targets of
average physical attractiveness presented on color photographs were judged as being more tidy,
feminine, physically attractive, and sociable when they wore facial cosmetics. Cox and Glick (1986)
and Workman and Johnson (1991) reported that women wearing makeup were perceived to be more
feminine and sexy. Cash, Dawson, Davis, Bowen, and Galumbeck (1989) found that women who
were photographed with cosmetics were evaluated by men to be more physically attractive than
when no facial cosmetics were worn. Research has also revealed that the amount of cosmetics ...
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In Cash, et al.'s (1989) study, male judgments were found to be more favorable when the women
were photographed with cosmetics than when they were not wearing cosmetics (Cohen 's d = .21),
whereas female judgments were not affected by the presence of makeup. In Mulhern, et al. ' s (2003)
study, sex differences were reported: women judged eye makeup as contributing most to the
attractiveness while men rated eye makeup and foundation as having a significant effect on
attractiveness. Workman and Johnson (1991) reported that female participants rated attractiveness
and femininity higher when targets were wearing cosmetics. However, no male participants were
used in their study. Previous research has focused on evaluating the impression of facial
attractiveness generated by photographs of women wearing makeup or not. Social psychologists
now need to measure the behavioral effects of women 's facial makeup, given that impressions
measured in a laboratory setting are not always correlated with the behavior displayed in real life. In
this study, the effect of women 's facial makeup was evaluated in a hitchhiking setting. Previous
studies on hitchhiking have shown that the physical appearance of a hitchhiker could influence
drivers ' behavior, particularly that of male motorists. Morgan, Lockard, Fahrenbruch, and Smith
(1975) and Guéguen (2007) found that

Psychological Implications Of Interpersonal Attraction
Introduction Human beings are the most social of social animals and the desire to be liked and
accepted is very strong. This desire is forged by interaction with others, which forms interpersonal
attraction and judgement of beauty. There are several reasons that could explain why interpersonal
attraction occurs in social settings. Repeated exposure to a certain stimulus, allows individuals to
develop stronger impressions and greater familiarity towards the stimulus, promoting interpersonal
attraction (Zajonc, 1968), while similarity between individuals enhances initial attraction (Vinacke,
Shannon, Palazzo & Balsavage, 1988), and allows social validation (Byrne, 1971). Physical
attractiveness, one of the most important determinants of interpersonal attraction is often seen as a
sign of fertility, strength, or health (Buss, 1999; Thornhill, 1998). Physical attractiveness individuals
has been shown to be treated preferentially and more positively to the extent that it influence
outcomes of interpersonal interactions (Rhode, 2010), where attractive employees get paid with
higher wages (Frieze, Olson & Russell, 1991), and attractive criminals were given lighter sentences
(Stewart, 1980). This phenomenon could be explained by the "Halo Effect" (Nisbett, & Wilson,
1977), where evaluations of one attribute of a person are generalized to influence evaluations of
other attributes.
In the landmark paper ''What Is Beautiful Is Good,'' written by Dion, Berscheid and Walster (1972)

Familiarity Principle
Familiarity Principle/ Mere Exposure Effect
One example of how evolutionary perspectives can inform social psychological research is the
concept of the mere– exposure effect or familiarity principle. The mere–exposure effect is a
psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because
they are familiar with them (Zajonc, 2001). In a recent experiment/study by ________ (___), it was
found that __________________, indicating that that the likelihood of human relationships
increased significantly after close contact. ______ participants ranked __________. ________% of
________had lifelong partners or were married to people whom they interacted closely with. This
observation can be supported and informed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Buss & Kenrick (1998) males have developed short–term mating strategies, while
women, in contrast, prefer long–term relationships as they need someone to stay with them for the
pregnancy to provide resources and support. In the I've Noticed You Around experiment by Clarke
& Hatfield (1989), 75% of male participants indicated that they would ask a woman to have sex
with them after a brief introduction, in stark contrast to 0% of women participants, highlighting the
social phenomenon of ___________. This social observation can be strengthened and linked to
evolutionary insights. Women's evolutionary and biological needs (gestation period, pregnancy,
providing for children, higher parental investment, etc.), particularly evolutionarily before the use of
contraception became viable, meant that they are less likely to engage in casual sex and often have
fewer sexual

Natural Selection Vs Sexual Selection Essay
The matter of Natural Selection was brought forth by Charles Darwin and with that evolved the
concept of Sexual Selection. The first thing that may come to mind is male preference in females for
reproductive purposes. It is quite common when thinking about the process of Natural Selection. We
don't typically take notice of Darwin's recognition or acceptance for "female choice" upon mate
selection and the role it plays in our evolution. Both males and females differentiate when it comes
to parental investment. Therefore selection of the opposite sex in order to benefit their kin is a
valuable choice. We know that amongst men typically their preferences are based on physical
attractiveness; so then what drives females. In attempts to better understand what and how females
make their decisions in benefit for themselves and their offspring and how they have possibly
evolved. We will look at a variety of ideas that have been formed in the research attempted to get a
better understanding of this topic.
Natural Selection and Sexual Selection
Darwin brought forward two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But other research has shown that female choice could have something to do with female resistance
rather than attraction towards males. We are aware that females select males with traits that can be
of no good but their choices are to benefit their own fertility. In contrast to this idea it has been
brought to attention that possibly sexual conflict over mating could possibly relate to the evolution
of mate selection. Males evolve in order to attract females and mate with. And then you have
females who evolve resistance instead of attraction to minimize the costs when it comes to mate
selection. Certain sexual conflicts such as parental effort, mate rates and mating duration are
important in the evolutionary systems. (Gavrilets, Goran, and Urban

Positive And Negative Factors Of Physical Attractiveness
Physical attractiveness can arguably be one of the biggest influential factor contributing to likability.
The advantages of being good–looking are underestimated as one never admits to being influenced
by someone's' looks. Cialdini (2007) states that an attractive individual can be seen to have
favourable traits such as intelligence, honesty, kindness and talent. As humans, most of us
immediately take a liking to anyone that looks appealing; as 'good–looking' is subconsciously
associated to 'good' (Dion, Berscheid, & Walster, 1972). This is caused due to the halo affect where
one positive characteristic of an individual determines the way others view and interact with them
(Nisbett, & Wilson, 1977). Cialdini's associative principle plays a vital role here as well, as physical
attractiveness is often stereotyped to such characteristics. Le Pelley et al. (2010) showed that
participants stereotyped groups into categories based on their looks. This shows that attractiveness
and association goes hand in hand allowing both positive and negative influences on likability.
Association goes as far as stereotyping entire populations such as a race or religion which may or
may not be seen as likable. In terms of physical attractiveness, someone wearing a hoddie and
trousers may be directly associated to a defiant individual, thus unlikable. Whereas someone smartly
dress is associated as friendly and kind.
Depending on the individual, someone attractive can be seen as inferior thus

How Online Dating Has Altered The Process Of Relationships
The generation of today enjoys their lives largely revolving around technology. You can go to school
online, buy all of your groceries from your home, and make video conference calls around the
world. Naturally, in order to meet these desires, the world of online dating has flourished. Millions
of people are signing up for a variety of websites that guarantee happiness for all different types of
people. For those who can't seem to find the time to go out and meet other singles in their
community, online dating is seen as a quick and convenient way to discover relationships. Online
dating has become a popular new mechanism for seeking a romantic partner and initiating intimate
relationships.
Online dating has altered the process used for obtaining a romantic partner as well as has altered the
process of compatibility matching. Online dating has created a new platform for meeting potential
partners. Romantic relationships contribute to emotional well–being and individuals crave the
intimate connections that are formed through their romantic partnerships; it is a fundamental part of
human motivation. These dating sites have created a medium for potential partners to meet by
alleviating the daunting task of conventional dating by solving the problems such as lack of access
to potential partners, confronting potential partners regarding their romantic availability, and
gathering the courage to approach strangers face to face (Finkel, Eastwick, Karney, Reis, &
Sprecher, 2012).

Science Of Sexiness: Why Some People Are Just More Attractive
The definition of "beauty" in the Merriam–Webster Dictionary is defined as, "quality or aggregate of
qualities in a person or thing that gives pleasure to the senses or pleasurably exalts the mind or
spirit." So simply just seeing an attractive person can bring pleasure to one's senses, then does that
mean they're treated better or with preference over a less–attractive person? Will that lead to an
attractive person having a better overall life or being more successful than an "unattractive" person?
The answer to those questions are answered by the following statistics and anecdotes. First off
before even getting to the statistics and anecdotes, it should be clarified exactly what people
consider as attractive. Of course, it varies typically from person to person, but there is however a
basic universal idea of what is attractive. The article, Science of Sexiness: Why Some People Are
Just More ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to court records, when Trump saw less–attractive women working he wanted them fired,
telling managers that certain hostesses were not 'pretty enough' and should be replaced by 'more
attractive' women. A general manager of the organization even ordered a hiring manager to 'hire
young, attractive women to be hostesses' and that he 'would need to meet all such job applicants first
to determine if they were sufficiently pretty' (Pearce). Experiments were even made to determine
whether the attractiveness of someone impacts how they're treated by strangers. The author, Keith
Morrison, of Face Value Hidden Camera Investigation: Do Looks Really Matter? gives the reader
his opinion saying, "Sometimes we attach too much importance on beauty" He bears the questions,
"Does preference for physical attractiveness go deeper than romance? Are beautiful people treated
better, at say a bank or at a doctor's office?" Those questions are answered by an experiment made
by

Review of Science of Sex Appeal Documentary
Katigbak, Laura Clarissa L.
Biology 1
2009–41357
The Discovery Channel documentary 'The Science of Sex Appeal', explores not only the factors that
humans take into consideration when choosing a possible mate, it also explains the chemicals that
are involved in both choosing a mate and maintaining a long term relationship with that mate.
Attraction can stem from different physical features ranging from facial symmetry to body
movement and even voice. Humans look for characteristics that they want to pass on to their
offspring and signs of health as reflected by appearance.
When it comes to the face, attractiveness has been attributed to symmetry and balance, as well as the
masculinity and femininity of a face. The
Greeks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a man's walk to be attractive, it should have more of a swagger, with emphasis on the shoulders.
This works well if a man has broad shoulders, part of the ideal body shape for
males.
A person's voice can also be a cause for attraction. Females are more attracted to low, deep male
voices while males are attracted to more high–pitched female voices.
Other considerations for attractiveness and picking a mate involve timing and average
attractiveness. Studies show that females are more attractive when they are ovulating, and also
simultaneously they find men more attractive. An experiment showed that although humans are
concerned with finding the most physically attractive mate possible, because this reflects genetic
health, people are likely to pair up with partners of averagely the same level of attractiveness. There
are different chemicals involved in the attraction process and in the process of being in and
maintaining a relationship. Pheromones are those hormones involved in the attraction process. Each
person has their own smell and their own set of pheromones and people also have different
preferences for these. Although, it seems that a person's smell becomes less attractive to us when
they are genetically related or similar to us and more attractive the more different they are. This
could be a natural mechanism to aid us in producing healthy children, since if

Attraction And Physical Attraction
The term attraction will refer to a quality or feature in which it summons interest, liking or desire
(Webster 2017). However, this essay will challenge why numerous people are more attractive than
others. A new study claims that men who are long distance runners are more attractive in light of the
fact that they have greater levels of testosterone which makes them all the more masculine and
prolific. Firstly, this essay will investigate physical attractions. Secondly, it will discuss the non–
physical attractions and Finally, Biological and Social variables. This essay will then be followed by
a discussion about the significance in relation to these three points.
Though there are many theories behind why some individuals are more attractive than others, the
idea of physical attraction is open for interpretation as it is expected to assist in answering the
question of why most people are attracted to the stereotypical concept of blue eyes and blonde hair.
Knapton (2015) states that the blonde hair and blue eye mixture originated in Caucasians are
thought to have developed among northern European tribes around approximately 11,000 years
prior. However, a recent report which undertook a survey to decide the most beautiful women in the
world and Brunettes were chosen. Physical attractiveness is an unpleasant variable. Cunningham
(1986) states that the investigation of 2 quasi–experiments demonstrates the relation between
specific adult female facial features and the attraction,

The Effect of Physical Attractiveness on Job Success
Abstract: Although both intelligence and competence are vital to success, a person's physical
appearance can help or hinder their ability to succeed. This paper divides physical appearance into
height, weight, and facial attractiveness, which are examined based on their differing effects in men
and women and how society's perception of each factor shapes their effect on success. This paper
then goes on to explain how appearance can actually have a deeper, more profound impact on the
personality of a person, which may predispose them for success. When including the effects of
education, higher self–confidence and better skills afford more success in a business environment
where emphasis is placed on how well an individual can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Weight http://www.usatoday.com/educate/college/business/articles/20050724.htm Unlike the extra
inches leading to an increased salary when considering height, those same inches can be
increasingly detrimental to an individual's success if they are added around the waistline. Weight as
a facet of physical appearance plays an important role in determining the salary of an individual
over their lifetime. In the working paper, "Body Weight and Women's Labor Market Outcomes",
Professor John Cawley showed that all else equal, heavier women earned less in the job market. He
studied three variables, hourly wages, employment status and occupational sector, to see how body
weight affected a women's ability to succeed. The effect of weight was only seen in white women
where an additional 65 pounds lead to an approximate 7% salary penalty. This number translates
into the same effect on salary as an additional year of schooling, three years of job experience, or
two years of job tenure. Weight however, had no effect on employment status or the labor market in
which women entered and little to no effect on the success of men in the workplace (Cawley, 2000,
p. 1). Considering society's perceptions, additional pounds may be looked upon unfavorably because
people may equate an overweight person with being inactive or even lazy and therefore not
proactive in their careers. The low workplace morale that many overweight individuals

Are Men Attracted To Clever Women?
Analysis of Popular Press Article A question all women have asked; are men more attracted to
physical beauty or intelligence? After asking myself this question, I soon found an article online
titled, "Are Men Attracted to Clever Women?". In this article, Adam Karbowski and his colleagues
from the Warsaw School of Economics, analyzed data from a speed–dating experiment at Columbia
University. Over 500 students of both sexes participated in what was supposed to be a regular speed
dating event. After each date, the participants checked either 'yes' or 'no' deciding whether or not
they would like to see their date again. They then rated their date on a 10–point scale for both
physical attractiveness and intelligence.
Article Summary When analyzing the data, Adam ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can get wat they want from a man who is handsome but not intelligent, but also from a man
who is intelligent but not handsome. But men are more uncompromising in their requirements. They
have a fixed idea of what an ideal partner might be.
Research Methods Used The research method used for this was an experiment by observing and
collecting data from over 500 students during a speed–dating event. The dependent variables in this
experiment are the attractiveness and intelligence scores after each date. While the independent
variables would be each individual's attractiveness or intelligence levels.
The population of the experiment are the 500 Columbia University students. This was a naturalistic
observation because the students were blind to the experiment by thinking it was a normal speed–
dating event.
Conclusions
When reading analyzing article, I was shocked when reading that men are intimidated and turned off
by intelligent women. Of course I figured physical attractiveness would be more important to men,
but never would have guessed that being a brilliant woman in a man's eyes would make you less

Physical Attractiveness is More Important Than Any Other...
Physical Attractiveness is More Important Than Any Other Factors When Looking for a Potential
Date
This experiment was conducted to test the experimental hypothesis; 'Physical attractiveness is more
important then any other factors when looking for a potential date'. The experiment investigated
whether physical attractiveness really is the key factor, which determines a relationship or not i.e. if
the individual is good looking then a relationship would be formed. The design of the experiment
was independent design. The experimenter conducted a questionnaire, which included
characteristics associated with personality and physical attractiveness. These questionnaires were
then handed out to ten ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other factors include similarity and complementarily, familiarity and propinquity. There are a
number of studies which show that we react more positively to people that are physically attractive.
In particular we tend to act much more favourably towards attractive people.
Then these ideas seem to contradict the saying, beauty is in the eye of the beholder or perhaps it is
dictated by fashion i.e. slim women are portrayed more in the media and fashion business, thus it
could be said that slim women are more pretty. Also according to popular believe it is love that
makes the world go round. However according to Rubin & NcNiel (1983) liking perhaps, more than
loving is what keeps it spinning.
But in general, it is widely believed that physical attractiveness is the central point of concern to
individuals when contemplating whether or not to enter a relationship. Therefore it is believed that
the more attractive a person is the more likely it is that this person would be in a relationship.
However when individuals are asked, which factors matter to them the most, individuals will nearly
always say personality.
Two groups of studies in particular illustrate the zeitgeist of social psychological research into
attraction. One was the

##ception Of Beauty And Social Perceptions Affect Social...
There is an old saying "don't judge a book by its cover", but to judge a person by their character.
This is a more adequate way to form an opinion of someone, but people's natural instincts
unconsciously overpower this learned behavior. People tend to form initial opinions of someone
based on appearance. Perceptions of beauty affect social interaction when forming friendships,
romantic relationships, and casual encounters. There are a number of factors that affect our
interactions, such as technology, societal views, human cognition, physical attractiveness, and so on.
Human behavior is complex and can be difficult to understand. Anjan Chatterjee and Oshin
Vartanian (2016) delineate in their work how the relatively new scientific field of neuroaesthetics is
improving our cognizance regarding the role of aesthetic evaluations by inspecting and determining
their biological foundation (p. 172). The perception of beauty unconsciously affects interactions,
personal preferences, and decision–making processes. A multitude of neural networks known as the
aesthetic triad encompasses the aesthetic experiences that emerge from the interaction between
emotion–valuation, sensory–motor, and meaning–knowledge neural systems (p. 178). Chatterjee and
Vartanian (2016) discuss how the aesthetic triad can sequentially explain the phenomena essential to
aesthetics, such as the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus (pp. 174–
75). Bearing in mind the significance of

Essay on Social Psychology Research Proposal
Unfair Advantage: Testing the Advantage of Being Attractive in the Workforce The Halo Effect is
the cognitive bias that generalizes that if an individual has one outstanding favorable character trait,
the rest of that individual's trait will be favorable. Specific to physical attractiveness, this is known
as the "Attractiveness Halo." Attractiveness plays an important role in determining social
interactions. In fact, the physical attractiveness of an individual is a vital social cue utilized by
others to evaluate other aspects of that individual's abilities (Kenealy, Frude, & Shaw, 2001).
Because of the attractiveness halo, attractive applicants trying to enter the workforce tend to ...
The two applicants will vary in attractiveness. Attractiveness will be determined by the
"averageness" of a face; the more attractive face will be a compilation of the average of various
facial features common to the Anglo–Saxon genetic disposition. Studies of compilations of average
facial traits show that we have a biological preference for the average phenotype because we believe
it indicates evolutionary resilient, fertile genotypes (Langlois, Roggman, 1990.) The other profile
will be composed of a person with facial features that deviate from the average (example: wide–set
eyes, etc.) and as a result are found less attractive.
After evaluating both profiles, the employers would be asked to complete a brief questionnaire that
asks them the following: 1) Which of the two employees they would hire if they had a consultant
spot to fill, and 2) To estimate the undergraduate GPA of each of the applicants. The employers will
be instructed not to assign the same GPA applicants.
Expected Results and Discussion The number of employees choosing the attractive applicants over
the unattractive applicants and vice versa will be assessed through a chart and bar graph showing
attractiveness (independent variable) on the X–axis, and chances of being hired (dependent variable)
on the Y–axis. Likewise, the number of employers assigning the more attractive applicants higher
GPA's and vice versa will also be

Depression and Body Image Essay
Depression and Body Image
American society places a tremendous emphasis on physical appearance. Many adolescent girls go
to great lengths to achieve these unrealistic standards of thinness. Eating disorders have become a
prevalent disease in Western society. Dissatisfaction with one's physical appearance is viewed as a
core feature of eating disorders. A negative body image is also a common feature associated with
depression. There appears to be a link, although unclear, between depression and a poor body image.
Adolescence is a tumultuous period in one's life. Bodies of adolescents are dramatically changing,
and these physical changes are associated with changes in body image. Body image pertains to how
individuals view and assign ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current data indicates that the depressed girl experiences her body as less satisfactory, and she also
views it as deficient along a number of other dimensions. The depressed girl experiences her body as
less pretty, less interesting, sicker, weaker, clumsier, less useful, less familiar and more out of
control (Rierdan, 1987). Depressed girls are particularly dissatisfied with their face, a primary basis
of social judgments about attractiveness of females, and with weight, a major determinant of
adolescent girls' overall body image (Rierdan, 1987). It is possible that girls experiencing early
onset depression have a body experience that is radically different from other adolescents. This
could be attributable to biochemical dysfunction. This dysfunction could be reflected in symptoms
such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, eating disturbance, and other bodily complaints. When body
attractiveness becomes important in adolescence, the foundation may already be laid for these at risk
adolescents to be less satisfied with their bodies and vulnerable to the lowered self–esteem
associated with eating disorders (Reirdan, 1988). Very simply, adolescence is a critical time in
emotional development. As their body changes, adolescents are faced with the complicated task of
reorganizing their body image. For some teenagers, especially those with depression, this proves to
be a difficult task.

The High Importance of Women’s Physical Attractiveness Essay
The High Importance of Women's Physical Attractiveness The theme of fantasy versus reality is a
central focus that reappears throughout the film 25th Hour directed by Spike Lee. In this film, the
main character Monty is sentenced to seven years in jail for drug dealing. On Monty's final day of
freedom, his father proposes two options for him: driving to the prison to serve his sentence or
fleeing to a town so he can make a new life for himself. While pondering on the second option,
Monty construes a false view of a wonderful life filled with joy and happiness. He does not take into
account however, that fugitive recovery agents will constantly be searching for him, making his life
very difficult. Like Monty, many people in today's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was 5'6, weighed 91 pounds, and had a thin, boyish figure during the peak of her modeling
career. As we entered the new millennium, a "beautiful" woman was considered to be tan, skinny,
have fairly large breasts, a symmetrical face, and long, flowing hair. Models such as Giselle
Bündchen and Adriana Lima exemplify this look. According to today's standards, a woman with
those "beautiful" features during the 15th and 18th centuries would be deemed as unattractive.
Therefore, I raise the questions: who determines what is or is not "beautiful" or attractive and why
do we have such a high regard for this phenomenon? If a woman resembles the physical appearance
of a popular model, is she automatically considered beautiful? Our society is bombarded with false
information and ideals that the media presents to us. Being considered "beautiful" in the public eye
is something many women strive to become. There is a misleading image that success and happiness
are associated with beauty. When one walks by a newsstand, it is no surprise that one will find
various magazines depicting a blemish–free airbrushed face of a celebrity on its front covers. There
is no escaping from the false images of beautiful people the media feeds us, especially in today's
society. Almost everywhere one looks, there are billboards, commercials, ads, magazines, and books
that depict attractive people being happy and having a great time. As a

3.1 Briefly Describe Each Of The Functions Of Nonverbal
3.1 Briefly describe each of the functions of nonverbal communication given in the text.
Nonverbal communication function to repeat, conflict, accent or moderate, encourage, substitute and
compliment. Nonverbal communication can simply what was said verbally. Nonverbal signals can
be contradictory the verbal message for example when a person is lying or scared. Nonverbal
communication can complement verbal communication usually decoding the message more
accurately. As a substitute for verbal communication, nonverbal communication may indicate more
permanent characteristics such as age or gender, moderately long–lasting features and relatively
short–term features of a person. Nonverbal behavior may amplify or tone down parts of the verbal ...
3.3 How does physical attractiveness affect interaction between people?
Physical attractiveness plays an influential role in determining communication behavior. Evidence
from our culture supports that initially we respond much more favorable to those we perceive more
physically attractive than those we see as less attractive. Studies have shown that physical attractive
people are perceived to exceed unattractive people on socially desirable evaluation such as
personality, success, sexuality, popularity and happiness.
Society's behavior towards unattractive people is negative. This perception can also be seen in
infants, one study have found out that infants looked significantly longer at an attractive face than a
less attractive one. Studies have also shows that attractiveness is very important in dating and
marriages. In obtaining a job, attractiveness maybe an advantage, with the applicant getting the job
or even a higher salary. Being attractive is associated with persuasion success and self–esteem.
Judgements of attractiveness may change over the course of a lifetime.
3.4 Describe each of Edward T. Hall 's four spatial zones.
Edward Hall defined four distances that not North Americans use in their daily lives. According to
Hall, we often choose our distances depending on how we feel towards another person at a given
time, concept of the conversation and our interpersonal goals. The first one of

Psy 202 Week 2 Relationship Research Review
Shaina Ferguson
Communication 202
Relationship Research Review
In interpersonal relationships, many factors implement relationship success. Some factors that
influence relational success is types of attraction, such as task, physical or social attraction. Other
factors are similarity and proximity between the two partners.
When you first meet someone, within seconds you can tell if you are attracted to someone or not.
Physical attractiveness is how attractive you think someone is based on their looks and appearance.
In an investigation conducted by Texas A&M University students, they tested with two different
studies what makes someone physically attractive to another. Physical attractiveness is very
important and can impact an exclusive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social attraction is very important in romantic relationships, if your significant other does not like
your friends or they do not get along, this could be a deal breaker and end of the relationship. The
study was to determine which distinctive nonverbal practices were related to romantic enthusiasm
for an attractive person and if these practiced contrasted as a component of relationship status and
self– reveled love for one's significant other. Impersonation was directly connected with the
romantic enthusiasm for the person, impersonation was negatively connected with the self–
announced love for one's significant other. This recommends that impersonation capacities to flag
favored social distance. While positive nonverbal actions such as grinning, smiling, vocal
enjoyableness rose as critical affiliative nonverbal practices. The results show that impersonation of
another is a relationship–support instrument, which is expressed unexpectedly, nonconscious, and
automatically. People use their nonverbal behavior to show that they are available to others (Farley,
S. (2014). This study shows how one's social perception of a partner affects their

The Importance Of Social Desirability And Subconscious...
Though many individuals deny the importance of social desirability and subconscious importance of
the attractiveness of a significant other or an individual one may have to relate or interact with, it
bears heavy weighting; more than many believe. Many when seeing what they deem an attractive
person walking down the street may take a second look or may turn around to look again however
unknowingly the others fade into a blur when they walk past on the street. New research conducted
by Nancy Etcoff (2000) shows humans see what they perceive to be an attractive person and their
brain immediately recognises this. Along with this humans are able to differentiate between levels of
attractiveness when pictures are shown to them. This is considered an advantage to some and could
help in all parts of life. Humans are generally known to desire seeing attractive people in their daily
lives, in films, on their television; allowing them to obtain physiological stimulation upon seeing
physical beauty. In essence, our brain deem beauty important enough or significant enough as it
receives a chemical stimulus telling us to surround ourselves with those who are beautiful. Bizarrely,
the chemical released when one is addicted to drugs or feeling elated, is the same one released upon
seeing beauty.(John R Buri. 2010) This highlights that although many other factors most definitely
contribute to achieving social desirability within society, the idea that attractiveness could influence
this

Individuals Who Holds Positive Traits
Humans are constantly observing, categorizing, critically analyzing, and making judgments of those
who are around them. In doing so, one of the first things we draw a conclusion from in formulating
one's character is by observing their facial appearance and attractiveness, or so they say. According
to Implicit Personality Theory, people form and group numerous types of personality traits together
(Aaronson, Wilson, & Akert, 2010). Having said that people more likely than not, always tend to
group people who they find facially attractive as also having a good and positive personality trait
(Eagly, Ashmore, Makhijani, & Longo, 1991). However, it is actually quite the opposite because it's
the other way around. Individuals with positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being the first article addressed in this paper, in this research experiment done by Gross and Crofton
(1977), their subjects totaled in 125 individuals (69 males and 56 females). These university
students who participated in the study received a reward of partial fulfillment for a required
introductory course in Psychology. In manipulating the independent variable for the cause of their
study, Gross and Crofton (1977) randomly assigned their subjects into three equally divided groups
where each individual received photos with attached personality trait description that were either
"favorable," "average," or "unfavorable" personality trait. Gross and Crofton (1977) stated that each
individual in each group were to rate forty–six photos with their randomly assigned personality trait
and they were to rate each photo with 1 being very unattractive to 7 being very attractive. As the
result of this study done by Gross & Crofton (1977) in attributing facial attraction based on the
person's positive trait, it was evident that people weigh positive trait in concluding if an individual is
facially attractive. It was found that between 85–95% of the subjects highly found photos with
favorable personality description as being more attractive (Gross & Crofton, 1977). As the
conclusion of this study, it is obvious that people doesn't just base how they look at attractiveness
and beauty on physical

Essay On Symmetry In The Eyes Of The Beholder
Symmetry in the Eyes of the Beholder
Physical appearance is held in high regard amongst the human species and observational methods
are used in the construction of impression formation. One particular method being, the preference
for biological symmetry. Biological symmetry is defined as similarity or balance between parts of an
organism so that if split in half mirror images are formed (Symmetry, Biological, 2016). The visual
detection of perfect biological symmetry, naturally, amongst humans is fairly complicated but past
research has demonstrated that it's not impossible. According to research conducted by Rhodes,
Proffitt, Grady, and Sumich (1998), humans have a sensitivity to different levels of symmetry. The
human preference for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The perception of being friendly can be defined by the level at which one perceives another to be
socially capable of possessing various friendships, or the ability to be kind to others. The perception
of being friendly, also, has not been significantly linked to biological symmetry. However, research
has proposed that the perception of being seen as helpful, sympathetic, and forgiving is decreased in
asymmetrical faces (Noor and Evans, 2003). The perception of being intelligent can be defined by
the level at which one perceives another to possess intellectual abilities (i.e problem solving,
planning, learning). The perception of being intelligent has, in conjunction with the previous
variables, not possessed a major role in the majority of research that pertains to biological
symmetry. Nonetheless, one study found a correlation between body asymmetry and low IQ in
undergraduates (Furlow, Armijo–Prewitt, Gangestad, & Thornhill, 1997). Overall, research studies
pertaining to biological symmetry, as a whole, and impression formation have been ambiguous thus,
leaving current findings open to debate. Conversely, research studies pertaining to facial symmetry,
attractiveness, and mate selection have been modestly more definitive. Thereupon, leading to the
conclusion that facial symmetry may render more results in the construction of

The Importance Of Cosmetic Surgery
The obsession with beauty is universal and transcends all regions and cultures (Kalantar–Hormozi et
al. 359). The attention to the attainment of physical attractiveness has increased tremendously over
the past few decades. As such, more and more people are opting to alter their physical features
through cosmetic surgery. However, there are varying attitudes and opinions over whether one
should undergo such a drastic procedure. Factors such as self–esteem, peer–pressure, socio–
economic status and the influence of the media towards perceived body–image play a major role in
one's decision to undergo cosmetic surgery. One of the biggest determinants towards the
consideration of cosmetic surgery is self–esteem. Self–esteem can be defined as a mental assessment
of one's worth and value. But not all people who suffer from low self–esteem will undergo the knife.
According to a research paper based on a theory by Sarwer et al., "those whose self–esteem highly
depends on their appearance and those who have significant body dissatisfaction levels will consider
cosmetic surgery" (Kalantar–Horomozi et al. 360). This is perceived by many people as finding a
temporary fix for one's insecurities. However, some people would argue that the decision to undergo
cosmetic surgery is a statement of empowerment. An example of this is a paragraph in Kathy
Davis's book "Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery", where she
describes a conversation with her friend for her

Stereotypes In Women's Sports
Turn on a sports channel, odds are it is a male sport or the talking of men in sports playing. The odds
that this is true is because according to the Washington Post, "in 2014, 'SportsCenter' dedicated just
two percent of its highlight program to women's sports" (Talbi). That would mean that they could go
nearly an entire show and only mention women once. Women compared to men in their image of
their respective sports is incredibly less. Women are shown as more of an attractive side while men
are shown as more heroic or athletic. Studies have been taken showing how unfair women are
shown in sports compared to men. How does the attractiveness and athleticism of women's sports
play a role in their sponsorships and media portrayal? Women's attractiveness ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They are thought of just because that they are women that they can't play sports. There was a journal
article written by Murray called "Corporate Sponsorship for Women's Sports." It covers many
different things such as how a corporation should appropriately propose a sponsorship and how that
sponsorship will do good for the person receiving it. Also it talks about programs that are set aside
for student athletes. However, the main part talked about stereotypes places on women, and the
media coverage of them. She says, "The pervasive stereotype of women in sports is that 'men do
while women watch,' The media reinforce this stereotype by portraying female athletes as over
glamorized, over– feminized, and too emotional to deal with success and failure on the playing
field" (Murray 74). She is saying that the media takes women sports and throws stereotypes on them
such as being too pretty, or too dramatic when in reality they are there just to play the sport not be
pretty. Murray later came up with a solution on how to lower these stereotypes which would be by
increasing the media coverage of these women. This journal article is yet another heavy example as
to how the media portrayal and how they showcase women is degrading compared to how they
show

Essay about The Media?s Influence on Eating Disorders
The Media's Influence on Eating Disorders Eating disorders are mental illnesses that affect more
than 7 million American women and usually develop in girls ages 12–25. The most common age for
a girl to begin having an eating disorder is 17 years old (Discovery Health?). The National Eating
Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including
physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural
definitions of beauty and attractiveness and are often acknowledged as one of the factors that
contribute to the rise of eating disorders (NEDA). It is evident that the media influences teenage
girls to develop eating disorders based on these reasons: the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Undereating or overeating can activate brain chemicals that produce feelings of peace and euphoria
which temporarily dispels anxiety and depression (?ANRED?). In some individuals with eating
disorders certain chemicals in the brain that control hunger, appetite, and digestion have been found
to be imbalance, but the exact meaning of these imbalances is still under investigation (?NEDA?).
People with eating disorders often use food to in an attempt to compensate for feelings and emotions
that seem overwhelming (?NEDA?). A prevalent psychological factor for people with eating
disorders is perfectionism. These people have unrealistic expectations of themselves. They lack a
sense of identity and try to identify themselves by creating a socially approved and admired exterior.
Other personality traits are having low self–esteem, feelings of hopelessness, loneliness, or fear of
becoming fat (?ANRED?). They may develop these feelings or fears because of their environment
and social pressures. When a girl?s immediate social environment, including her family and friends,
emphasize the importance of thinness and weight she will feel more pressure to lose weight. The
National Institute of Mental Health reports that girls who live in families that tend to be strict and
place a strong emphasis on physical

Facial Symmetry and Physical Attractiveness
Literature on the topic of attractiveness is very extensive. The human face is something that catches
every ones attention and more over the scientists as well the psychologists are interested in
analyzing the ability of humans to extract information of the others. Several factors and features are
associated with attractiveness. Some examples include facial symmetry, skin color, facial traits, clear
skin and health of facial skin. It is hypothesized that facial symmetry is an important factors in
measuring physical attractiveness. Different features may be perceived as attractive by different
people. Biologists believed that facial symmetry should be attractive because it may signal mate
quality. Rhodes, Proffit, Grady and Sumich (1998) manipulated the symmetry to figure out the effect
on attractiveness. 4 versions of a picture were created. One was perfectly symmetric, the others were
a highly symmetric version, normal level of symmetry and a low symmetric version.64 subjects
rated these faces. The results clearly stated that perfect symmetry was significantly more attractive
and low symmetry faces were unattractive, more over the males found the perfect symmetric faces
more appealing as potential life partners, so facial symmetry does play a role in mate selection. In
the second experiment the authors compared the attractiveness of faces at three symmetry levels.
These were normal, high and perfect. The subjects were shown two versions of the same face at
different

Do Animated Disney Characters Portray And Promote The...
"Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype" (Bazzini et
al,. 2010).
Introduction
The following essay will critically discuss the proposed journal article "Do Animated Disney
Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty Goodness Stereotype" (Bazzini et al., 2010). This
research study aimed to look if Disney films can influence young children's judgement of their
peers. An abstract should contain a summary of the journal article (Bryman, 2004). The introduction
of this journal article does state that there were two studies conducted. The introduction should also
clearly reference previous research that relates to their chosen area (Bryman, 2004). This article
does use and explain previous research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The materials used for the first study were twenty–one box office Disney films. They rated the
characters on attractiveness, aggressiveness, goodness, intelligence, outcome and romantic
involvement. They explicitly stated that for the first study they followed the American Psychology
Association ethical standards meaning that any issues relating to ethics were dealt with. The second
study was conducted with forty two children aged between six and twelve years of age (Bazzini et
al,. 2010). Heffernan (2015) states that to study those under the age of sixteen informed consent
must be gained from the guardian of the children. For this study they do state that the parents had to
accompany the children to the study, which was conducted over a two–hour period and once they
arrived informed them of the purpose of the study and asked them to sign a consent form. To gain
this sample of children they used volunteer sampling by advertising in an American college
newspaper and a local television station. They also used an incentive of twenty dollars for
participants volunteering to take part in the study (Bazzini et al,. 2010). Volunteer sampling is an
effective way to gain participants quickly, but they may not be representative of the population
making this study hard to generalise to a wider audience (Eysenck, 2005). The children were split
into two groups and required

Attractive People Deserves to Be More Successful Than Ugly...
Attractive people deserve to be more successful than ugly people In an ideal world, good looks
appeal to job interviewers, potential mating partners and other situations where good looks can be
added as an extra leverage in daily situations. Moreover, successful job interviews mean good jobs,
good money, and good life; whereas relationship wise, attractive people attract fellow attractive
partners typically with good genes and not to mention good jobs. Being beautiful seems to be
rewarding therefore it can be said that good looking people simply have it good as these factors are
points of success. But what is success? The question is a subjective one thus each individual have
different definitions of success. For instance, those who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(businessinsider.com, 2011). As well as their physical traits, attractive individuals also do not lack
inner or mental attributes such as confidence, intelligence that assisted in higher job positions and
self–assured personality that can make them as a good asset and profitable to the company.
According to Rhodes et al. (2005), males with attractive faces and bodies had more short–term
partners than their peers, and males with attractive bodies became sexually active earlier than their
peers. Females with more attractive faces had more long–term relationships and became sexually
active earlier than their peers. In terms of finding a long term and ideal mate for emotional, sexual
and reproductive purposes, this statement does not suggest the success of mating in men but only in
women thus the claim for attractive people of both gender's success in mating is refuted. In addition,
there are insufficient data to date to determine whether masculinity is attractive to both males and
females (Rhodes, 2005). Furthermore, people searching for a partner to have children with may not
be interested in extremely attractive partners, because such partners may be more likely to leave
them for another partner to have extra–pair relationships (Boothroyd et al, 2008). In particular
attractiveness is related to higher

The Advantages Of Attractiveness
Attractiveness has been studied for years by psychologists to understand the advantage of being
attractive. Prior research has concluded that attractive people do receive more benefits and
advantages. Studies focusing on attractiveness are difficult because there is no universal rule for
what is deemed attractive, everyone has their own personal opinion on what is considered attractive,
which changes throughout the years. Studies haven't focused on the different advantages between
attractive men and women, and if one receives more than the other. In this current study both
genders are measured through recruiting various college students (25 men and 25 women). Each
student is given a scenario where both genders need help along with two random pictures one male
and one female, but for each the question would be either an attractive man with an unattractive
women or vice versa. For each question there will be one picture that has more attractive facial
qualities while the other has an average face and attractive qualities. The students will be given a 1–
5 liker scale depicting how likely or unlikely they are to be empathic to each gender. Results showed
that attractiveness does lead to them receiving help more than the less attractive pictures, however
when comparing men and women attractive women not only received more than attractive men but
also average women. This supporting prior research that it does pay to be beautiful, because there
are advantages for being attractive.

Critical Evaluationg of Psychological Theories of...
Critical Evaluationg of Psychological Theories of Interpersonal Attraction
Interpersonal Attraction suggests as attraction between people, and although it may not in terms of a
romantic relationship scenario as the phrase suggests, it nethertheless suggests an important
attraction to create a relationship with a particular person. It may by that we are attracted to a
particular person or a social relationship because we find them pleasant or because we find life alone
unpleasant or unrewarding. Schacter (1959) conducted a study in which female participants were
told that they were going to receive an electric shock in a following experiment. Half of the subjects
were told it would be painful and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has been supported by certain 'Lonely Hearts' advertisement analysis such as Brehm's (1985)
study where women offer and men ask for attractiveness and in Dunbar's (1995) study in which
males typically needed physical attractiveness in their partners and offered resources such as wealth
and status. Other psychologists such as Ridley (1993) have also shared this socio–biological theory
that individuals only exist to pass on their genes to the next generation. However, this suggests that
there is no free will or self awareness in choosing social relationship partners and is heavily
deterministic. In much of the research, it also presumes heterosexuality and this can be seen in
particular in Dunbar's and Brehm's studies and in turn supports gender stereotypes which is an
ethical concern. This means that the opinion of males behaviour to seek out many sexual partners is
supported and explains away this behaviour easily. From this, the socio–biological theory seems to
generalize animal behaviour to that of humans, and the need for reproduction and does not focus
upon the real reasons as to why we form social relationships. It also presumes that sexual attraction
and behaviour is 'about' reproduction. Many sexual unions are not directed at

Interpersonal Attraction and Personality Styles

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