Artificial Intelligence Systems

1. WEBINAR ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT, SVCP,
PUNE
OCTOBER 16, 2020
NIKHAT FATMA MUMTAZ HUSAIN SHAIKH
NIKHAT.SHAIKH@AIKTC.AC.IN

2. These slides presented here are obtained from the authors of various
books and from various other contributors and websites. I hereby
acknowledge all the contributors for their material and inputs.
I have tailored the contents to suit the requirements of this webinar.
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3. ACTIVITY 1:WORDCLOUD
www.menti.com
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4. OUTLINE
 Introducing AI
 Structure of an AI system
 Approaches to AI
 Demo Examples of AI
 Application domains of AI
 Principles for ethical AI
 Concluding remarks
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5. INTELLIGENCE
● Intelligence is a property of mind that encompasses many related
mental abilities, such as the capability to:
○ Reason
○ Plan
○ Solve problems
○ Think abstractly
○ Comprehend ideas and language
○ Learn
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6. INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligence in an
artificial device.
The term was coined by John McCarthy in 1956.
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7. CATEGORIES OF AI SYSTEMS
Human Rational
Think
Act
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SYSTEMS THAT THINK LIKE HUMANS
“Cognitive Science”
Eg: GPS
SYSTEMS THAT THINK RATIONALLY
“Laws of Thought”
SYSTEMS THAT ACT LIKE HUMANS
Eg. ELIZA
SYSTEMS THAT ACT RATIONALLY
“Method may be illogical, but action is
rational”

8. TURING TEST
Alan Turing's 1950 article Computing Machinery and Intelligence
discussed conditions for considering a machine to be intelligent
•“Can machines think?” ← → “Can machines behave intelligently?”
•The Turing test (The Imitation Game): Operational definition of intelligence.
•Computer needs to posses:Natural language processing, Knowledge
representation, Automated reasoning, and Machine learning
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10. WHAT WOULD A COMPUTER NEED TO PASS THE
TURING TEST?
● Natural language processing: to communicate with examiner.
● Knowledge representation: to store and retrieve information provided before or during
interrogation.
● Automated reasoning: to use the stored information to answer questions and to draw new
conclusions.
● Machine learning: to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.
● Vision (for Total Turing test): to recognize the examiner’s actions and various objects
presented by the examiner.
● Motor control (total test): to act upon objects as requested.
● Other senses (total test): such as audition, smell, touch, etc.
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11. CHATBOT: ELIZA
http://www.manifestation.com/neurotoys/eliza.php3
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12. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN AI SYSTEM
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USER INTERFACE
INFERENCE ENGINE
DYNAMIC MEMORY
Working Memory
KNOWLEDGE BASE
(Rules , Facts, Heuristics)

13. APPROACHES TO AI
 Strong AI aims to build machines that can truly reason and solve problems. These machines
should be self aware and their overall intellectual ability needs to be indistinguishable from
that of a human being. Strong AI maintains that suitably programmed machines are
capable of cognitive mental states.
 Weak AI: deals with the creation of some form of computer-based artificial intelligence that
cannot truly reason and solve problems, but can act as if it were intelligent. Weak AI holds
that suitably programmed machines can simulate human cognition.
 Applied AI: aims to produce commercially viable "smart" systems such as, for example, a
security system that is able to recognize the faces of people who are permitted to enter a
particular building. Applied AI has already enjoyed considerable success.
 Cognitive AI: computers are used to test theories about how the human mind works--for
example, theories about how we recognize faces and other objects, or about how we solve
abstract problems. 13

14. DEMO EXAMPLE OF AI: QUESTION ANSWERING
SYSTEM
http://start.csail.mit.edu/index.php
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15. APPLICATION DOMAINS OF AI
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16. APPLICATION DOMAINS OF AI
● Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subset of artificial intelligence
that enables computers to understand the meaning of human language,
including the intent and context of use.
● Speech-to-text enables machines to convert speech to text by identifying
common patterns in the different pronunciations of a word, mapping new
voice samples to corresponding words.
● Speech Synthesis enables machines to create natural sounding voice
models, including the voice of particular individuals.
● Computer Vision enables machines to identify and differentiate objects in
images the same way humans do.
● Self-driving cars is an application of AI that can utilize NLP, speech, and
most importantly, computer vision.
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17. APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
● AI-powered applications are creating an impact in diverse areas such as
Healthcare, Education, Transcription, Law Enforcement, Customer Service,
Mobile and Social Media Apps, Financial Fraud Prevention, Patient
Diagnoses, Clinical Trials, and more.
● Some of these applications include:
○ Robotics and Automation, where AI is making it possible for robots to perceive
unpredictable environments around them in order to decide on the next steps.
○ Airport Security, where AI is making it possible for X-ray scanners to flag images that
may look suspicious.
○ Oil and Gas, where AI is helping companies analyze and classify thousands of rock
samples to help identify the best locations to drill for oil?
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18. PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL AI
● At the World Economic Forum in 2017, IBM CEO Ginni Rometty spoke about the three
guiding principles that IBM follows to ensure that the AI and cognitive systems it
develops are ethical, trustworthy, and socially responsible.
● Cognitive systems must be transparent to be fully accepted as a normal part of
people’s everyday life. Transparency is required to gain public trust and confidence in
AI judgments and decisions, so that cognitive systems can be used to their full potential.
● This three parts:
○ People must be aware when they come into contact with AI and for what purposes it is used.
○ People must be aware of the major sources of data in use.
○ IBM clients always own their own business models, intellectual property, and data. Cognitive
systems augment the client’s years of industry experience and domain specific knowledge.
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19. CONCLUDING REMARKS
● Explored use cases and applications of AI, understand AI
concepts and terms like Natural Language Processing, Machine
Learning, Expert system and neural networks.
● We have seen various issues and concerns surrounding AI such
as ethics and bias.
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20. LIST OF MOVIES
 Metropolis (1927) and Metropolis (2001)
 The Day the Earth stood still (1951)
 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
 Star Wars (1977)
 Blade Runner (1982)
 The Terminator (1984)
 Star Trek Generations (1994)
 The Matrix (1999)
 A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
 I, Robot (2004)
 WALL*E (2008)
 Her (2013)
 The Machine (2014)
 Ex-machina (2015) 20

21. ACTIVITY : WORDCLOUD
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22. THANKS FOR HOSTING ME
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