Defense mechanism, maladaptive behavior of individual and groups; stress, crisis and disaster

1. defence mechanism,
maladaptive behaviour of
individual and groups;
stress, crisis and disaster
PREPARED BY : Ms. Nimisha Chacko

2. INTRODUCTION
Defence mechanism are used to reduce anxiety or
resolve conflict by modifying or changing ones
behaviour use of defence mechanism is a normal
process of adjustment.

3. DEFINITION
Defence mechanism are the techniques or mechanism
used by an individual to handle tension or reduce
anxiety or resolve conflict . These provide initial
protection for the personality.

4. TYPES
1. compensation
2. denial
3. displacement
4. identification
5. Introjection
6. projection
7. reaction formulation
8. rationalization
9. Regression
10. repression
11. ritual and undoing
12. sublimation
The defence mechanism are in 12 type ,they are

5. 1. COMPENSATION
It occurs when we do not like an aspect of our self or
our behaviour, and we perceive it as negative .In turn
,we develop aspects and behaviour that we do in facts
like about ourselves to compensate for the previously
disliked concept.

6. 2.DENIAL
 denial is a concept we as humans are fairly familiar
with .it's the act of rejecting a self
 concept or notion that we in fact know is true ,but
that is not ideal and sometimes too unbearable to
accept.

7. 3.DISPLACEMENT
displacement is the of an which we let our feelings and
frustration on a substitute target that is not the actual
target of our emotions.

8. 4.IDEANTIFICATION
Identification is when we identify ourselves with an image
that we see as ideal or our ago . we associate ourselves
with groups , movements and people we see as who we
wish to be.

9. 5.INTROJECTION
Introjection is the process in which we accept standards to
be true to avoid scrutiny . this can be looked at as an
extreme form of conformity

10. 6.PROJECTION
projection occurs when we attribute our negative self- concept of
our self onto others.

11. 7.REACTIOON FORMATION
It is the process in which we mask negative emotions
or self concept by doing the exact opposite of what
that concept or emotion exhibits.

12. 8.RATIONALIZATION
It is an explanation we conceive as to why we should or should
not feel a particular way or take credit for our behaviour.

13. 9.REGRESSION
It is the act of retreating to infantile defence . we do
this because as a child ,life is less threatening.

14. 10.REPRESSION
It may be the most unknown yet interesting defence
mechanism . repression occurs unconsciously and
sometimes unknowingly .it is when our mind has
perceived something as too painful for our own being
,thus pushing it out of our conscious awareness.

15. 11.RITUAL AND UNDOING
ritual and amp, undoing is the process of trying to undo
some type of unacceptable behaviour by masking it with a
positive behaviour or ritual.

16. 12. SUBLIMATION
• It is the only defence mechanism that is positive in all of
its aspect.it is considered the healthiest. Sublimation is
the process of taking negative self- concept and diverting
them into more socially acceptable concepts that are
beneficial.

17. MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL
AND GROUP: STRESS, CRISIS AND
DISASTER

18. • All living organisms have a tendency to maintain
themselves in a state of relative constancy called as
homeostasis . Adaptation occurs when there is a threat to
this homeostasis . adaptive response occurs when a
stimulus from the internal or external environment
causes a departure from the balanced state of organism.

19. • Crisis is a disturbance caused by a stressful event or a
perceived threat . The person usual of coping becomes
ineffective in dealing with the threat , causing anxiety.

20. DISASTER IS DEFINED BY THE ‘WHO’
" severe disruption , ecological and psychological ,
which greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the
affected community.it can be natural and man made,
psychological reaction may be either adaptive or
maladaptive.

21. CONCLUSION
defence mechanism helps to reduce the anxiety and help
an individual to adjust better . but too much of everything
is bad . some is true with defence mechanism . children
should be guarded against too much use of defence
mechanism . because once they start using them it will
became a habit with them and later on they will be using it
unconsciously.