2. INTRODUCTION # Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free software and open source development; typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone. # The Linux kernel was first released to the public on 17 September 1991, for the Intel x86 PC architecture. The kernel was augmented with system utilities and libraries from the GNU project to create a usable operating system, which led to an alternative term, GNU/Linux.
3. Directory commands: mkdir - make directories pwd - print working directory rmdir - Remove an existing directory chown - change file owner and group chmod - change file access permissions cal month year - Prints a calendar for the specified month of the specified year. cat - Sends file contents to standard output. This is a way to list the contents of short files to the screen. It works well withpiping. wall - Prints a message to each user except those who've disabled message reception. Type Ctrl-D to end the message. w - Prints the current system users. free - Displays the amount of used and free system memory
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8. . user who:Seeing Who is Logged In whoami:seeing your user name . Searching with grep grep Command : grep "pattern" filenamecommand | grep "pattern" Search Patterns beginning of line ^ end of line $ any single character . single character in list or range [...] character not in list or range [^...] zero or more of preceding char. or pattern * zero or more of any character .* escapes special meaning
9. .Automating Tasks pico Makefile : Create a Makefile make -n [target] :Test Makefile make [target] : Run make . Managing Disk Usage quota -v : Check Quota Df : Seeing Disk Usage du -s . Combining and Compressing Files tar cf file.tar file1 file2 ... fileN:Create a tarfile zip filename :Create a zipfile
