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This document provides information on biological classification. It begins with the basic taxonomic ranks from kingdom to species. It then discusses the five kingdom system and key differences between the kingdoms. The document provides examples of classification for various organisms, including hydra, earthworm, snail, starfish, and organisms from other kingdoms. It discusses characteristics of different phyla such as porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, and chordata. For several organisms, it provides the full scientific classification from kingdom to species.
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- 2. KPCOFGS Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kids Playing Catch On Freeways Get Smashed Binomial nomenclature
- 4. Differences among Kingdoms The 5 Kingdoms we use today. Monera: single celled, prokaryote organisms • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Protista: single celled, contains nucleus and internal subdivisions • Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans Fungi: multicellular, chitinous cell wall, no chloroplasts, heterotrophic, nutrition by absorption, • Mushrooms Plantae: multicellular, cell wall, cellulose, chloroplasts, autotrophic Animalia: multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophs
- 5. Protista: single celled, contains nucleus and internal subdivisions • Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans Animalia: multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophs Differences among Kingdoms
- 6. Which Anatomical Features Mark BranchWhich Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on the Animal Evolutionary Tree? • Lack of Tissues Separates Sponges from All Other Animals • Animals with Tissues Exhibit Either Radial or Bilateral Symmetry – Radially Symmetrical Animals Have Two Embryonic Tissue Layers; Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals Have ThreeAnimals Have Three – Bilateral Animals Have Heads
- 7. Radial symmetry central axis Bilateral symmetry plane of symmetry anterior plane of symmetry posterior Body symmetry and cephalization
- 8. 7 Kingdom - Protista Phylum - Protozoa
- 11. It is aquatic in habitat. Body is unicellular, irregular in shape. Body is covered by plasma membrane or plasmalemma. Pseudopodia are projected from different parts of body surface. Body cytoplasm is differentiated into outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm. In endoplasm Nucleus, Contractile vacuole, Food vacuole and other organelle are present.
- 12. Amoeba P- Protozoa C- Rhizopoda O- Lobosa G- Amoeba S- proteus
- 14. (Sponge Diversity) Yellow Tube Sponge Black-ball sponge Erect Rope Sponge Porifera
- 16. Phylum Porifera •Sessile stays in one place•Sessile-stays in one place •Most simple multicellular organismMost simple multicellular organism •No tissues or organs •Central body cavity •Osculum- large opening(s) at top f i•Pores for incurrent water
- 19. Sycon P- Porifera C- Calcarea O- Heterocoela G- Sycon S- gelatinosum
- 21. Budding Hydra
- 22. Hydra P- Coelenterate C- Hydrozoa O- Hydroidea G- Hydra S- viridis
- 23. Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes •Diffusion is used in place of important body systemsDiffusion is used in place of important body systems. •No real vision only senses light with eyespots •Examples:Flukes and Tapeworms •Reproduce asexually by fission •Reproduce sexually by cross fertilization
- 24. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/platyhelminthes/platyhelminthes.html
- 25. Fun Fact: Tapewormsp http://www.micrographia.com/specbiol/helmint/platyhel/cest0100.htm In the 1920’s ingesting tapeworms was a method of weight loss. The more intake of nutrients in the body; the longer the tapeworm becomes in the intestine.
- 26. 75 mm long 30 mm long MOUTH GONOPORE ACETABULUM ORAL SUCKER (surrounds mouth) EXCRETERY PORE (Fasciola)
- 27. Fasciola hepatica “The Sheep Liver Fluke” Because sheep are the normal definitive host. In places where sheep are not raised can be found in cattle. Humans can become infected! 30 mm long
- 28. Asian Liver Fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)
- 29. Habitat: live in the duct system of the liver!
- 30. Fascioloides magna “Giant Deer Fluke or Giant Liver Fluke” Found in deer, moose, and elk. Sometimes in cattle, bison, sheep, goats, llamas, and pigs. Never found in people! 100 mm long!
- 31. Fasciola P- Platyhelminthes C- Trematoda O- Digena G-Fasciola S- hepatica
- 32. Phylum Nematoda •Roundworms are found everywhere •In one cubic meter millions can live •Some Nematodes are parasitic •Trichinella is a muscle parasite found in pig meat •Hookworms are intestinal and drink blood of stomach p p g •Filarial Roundworms infect lymphatic system cause Elephantiasis
- 34. MALE PENIAL SETAE ANUS GENITAL PORE LATERAL LINE EXCRETORY PORE MOUTH Ascaris
- 35. Adult worm of A. lumbricoides
- 36. ElephantiasisElephantiasis caused by Roundworms. T itt dTransmitted by a vectorby a vector such as a mosquito or biti fl http://elephantiasis.freeyellow.com/blackleg.jpg biting fly.
- 37. Elephantiasis d bcaused by RoundwormsRoundworms. Transmitted by a vector hsuch as a mosquito ormosquito or biting fly.g y http://elephantiasis.freeyellow.com/legs.jpg
- 38. A mass or bolus of Ascaris lumbricoides.
- 39. Ascaris Worms in Intestine
- 40. Ascaris P- Aschelminthes C- Nematoda O-Ascaroidea G- Ascaris S-lumbricoides
- 41. Phylum Annelida •Segmented worms are capable of more complex movementsg p p •Have a closed circulatory system •Have five pairs of “hearts” •Pharynx draws in food •Crop stores food •Gizzard grinds food up •Then it is passed into the intestine where nutrients is absorbed •And out the anus
- 45. Earthworm P- Annelida C-Oligochaeta O- Megadrilli G- Pheretima S-posthuma
- 46. Phylum Arthropoda •Most dominant animals on Earth •Exoskeleton “suit of armor” made of chitin •Efficient gas exchange allows rapid supply of oxygen to muscles •Well developed sensory system •Well developed nervous system•Well developed nervous system •Well developed circulatory system
- 49. Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda Rock Crab Crustacean
- 50. Phylum Arthropoday p The Rock Crab’s Grandpa Crustacean The Rock Crab s Grandpa
- 51. 10th 11th MOUTH ANTERIOR SUCKER MALE GENITAL PORE FEMALE GENITAL PORE POSTERIR SUCKER 6th-22nd NEPHRIDIOPORE Leech
- 54. Leech P- Annelida C- Hirudinea O- Gnathobdellida G- Hirudo S- medicinalis
- 55. Phylum Mollusca •Shell made of Calcium Carbonate •Open circulatory system except for Cephalopods •Mantle lays down the shell Open circulatory system except for Cephalopods •Radula tongue made of chitin used to scrape for food •Bivalve named for number of shells •In some the shell is internal
- 60. Gastropoda
- 61. OPERCULUM APEX PENULTIMATE WHORL SUTURE BODY WHORL SUPRAMARGINAL GROOVE FIRST TENTACLE HEAD EYE SECOND TENTACLE Snail
- 63. Snail P- Mollusca C- Gastropoda S.C-Prosobranchiata O- Taenioglossa G- Pila S-globosa
- 66. ROSTRUM ANTENNULE EYE CARAPACE CHELATE LEG NON CHELATE LEG PLEOPODS TELSON UROPOD PrawnANTENNA
- 67. Prawn P- Arthropoda C- Crustacea S.C- Malacostraca O- Decapoda G- Palaemon S- malcolmsonii
- 69. FEMALE MALE EYE ANTENNA HEAD PROTHORAX MESOTHORAX METATHORAX LEG ANAL STYLE WING Cockroach ANAL CERCI
- 70. Cockroach P- Arthropoda C- Insecta O- Dictyoptera G- Periplaneta S- americana
- 71. Silk worm in Cocoon
- 72. Silk worm/Moth
- 75. Silk worm/Moth P- Arthropoda C- Insecta S.C- Pterygota Division- Exopterygota O- Hymenoptera G- Bombyx S- mori
- 78. Honey Bee P- Arthropoda C- Insecta S.C- Pterygota P- Exopterygota O- Hymenoptera G- Apis S- indica
- 79. Phylum Echinodermata •The name echinoderm is Greek for “hedgehog skin” •Use a water-vascular system for locomotion, respiration, and food capture •Lack a circulatory system •Have regenerative capabilities
- 80. Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata Star fish http://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/Sea%20Star%2002_jpg.htm Star fish
- 81. Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata Sea UrchinSe U c http://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/SeaCucumberUrchins_jpg.htm
- 82. Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata Sea UrchinSea Urchin http://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/BandedSeaUrchin02_jpg.htm
- 83. Starfish
- 85. Starfish P- Echinodermata S.P- Eleutherozoa C- Asteroidea O- Forcipulata G- Pentaceros S- reticulatus
- 86. Phylum Chordata •Deuterostome development-anus formed first •Characteristics of Chordates: 1. Notochord 2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3 Pharyngeal gill slits / Respiratory Openings3. Pharyngeal gill slits / Respiratory Openings 4. Post-anal tail
- 87. adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/j swilley/htdocs/Classification%20of %20Animals.ppt Animals With Backbones MAMMAL FISH REPTILE BIRD AMPHIBIAN
- 89. SNOUT NOSTRIL EYE OPERCULUM DORSAL FIN PECTORAL FIN PELVIC FIN ANAL FIN LATERAL LINE TAIL SCALES CAUDAL FIN Rohu MOUTH
- 90. Rohu(Bony Fish) P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Teleostomi O- Cypriniformes G- Labeo S- rohita
- 91. Frogs
- 92. EXTERNAL NARE SNOUT UPPER EYE LID NICTITATING MEMBRANE LOWER EYE LID TYMPANUM FORE LIMB HIND LIMBWEBDIGIT CLOACAL APERTURE Frog
- 93. Frog P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Amphibia O- Anura G- Rana S- tigrina
- 96. Cobra
- 97. Indian Cobra P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Reptilia O- Squamata S.O-Serpentes G- Naja S- naja
- 98. Grass snake Eggs usually laid in manure/compost
- 100. Common Krait P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Reptilia O- Squamata G- Bungarus S- caeruleus
- 101. Banded Krait
- 103. Banded Krait P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Reptilia O- Squamata G- Bungarus S- fasciatus
- 104. Animals – Vertebrate Classes Aves
- 105. Pigeon
- 107. Pigeon P- Chordata S.P.- Vertebrata C- Aves O- Cicontiformes G- Columba S- livia
- 109. Rat P- Chordata S.P.- Gnathostomata C- Mammalia O- Rodentia G- Rattus S- rattus
- 110. Comparison of the Major Animal Phylap j y
- 111. Questions? 1.To which phylum these organism include ? a)Sycon, b) pila, c) prawn, d) amoeba 2.Match the followings: a)Mammalia, b) nemathelminthes, c) insecta, d) annelida, e) echinodermata, f) teleost 1) Banded krait 2) leech 3) rat 4) round worm 5) rohu 6) all marine species 7) honey bee 3. Name the followings (biological). Earhworm,silk worm , liver fluke, pigeon, toad.