The document discusses solid waste management. It notes that solid waste comes from various sources and is increasing due to factors like population growth, economic development, and industrialization. Improper management of solid waste can cause environmental and health problems by contaminating air, water, and land. Effective management requires proper collection, disposal, and recycling methods like sanitary landfilling, composting, incineration, and recycling to safely dispose of or reuse waste.

1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Solid waste includes plastic containers, glass material,
polythene scrap, rubber metals, hospital waste, paints,
crop residues, etc.
• Developed countries like USA, Canada, Japan,
England, Germany and France are the main solid
waste producers.
• Problem is increasing day by day due to
industrialization and urbanization.
• Various types of solid waste are produced from
various anthropogenic activities and normally
discarded as useless or unwanted.

2. CAUSES OF SOLID
WASTE
• The increase in solid waste is due to overpopulation,
affluence and technological advancement.
• Increase in hospital waste including glass bottles,
plastic, metal, syringe etc. also increases solid waste.
• A major part of solid waste is released from agriculture
and mining sectors.
• Municipal waste mainly contains domestic waste like
metal, plastic glass and other solid materials.

3. EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
• Unhygienic environment causes diseases like diarrhea, dysentery,
typhoid, cholera, plague, etc.
• Solid waste modifies the physiochemical and biological properties of
plants and soil
• Ground water gets contaminated.
• It enhances air and water pollution.
• Open breading sites of insects and infectious organisms are produced.

4. CONTROL OF SOLID WASTE MANANGEMENT
Solid waste is required to be displaced or recycled safely, the solid Waste
management system includes proper collection. disposal and recycling of
waste. Solid waste can be minimized by the following methods:
1. Sanitary landfill
2. Composting
3. Incineration
4. Recycling

5. SANITARY LANDFILL
After collection of waste. sanitary landfill is the
safest method of solid waste treatment. In this solid
waste (garbage) is dumped into a natural or
constructed pit and left to decompose slowly.
However in urban areas such dumping sues pose
serious threats.
Composting
It is a very common practice in rural areas to
produce
biogas and manure from agriculture waste, dung,
domestic waste, animal excerta etc.

6. INCINERATION
This is the most convenient method of
disposal especially in densely populated
areas. Burning of solid waste and
utilisation of its heat is a common practice
at several places
As a part of waste management. efforts are
now being made to recycle materials like
glass old paper cans. newspapers, tin plastic.
rubber, etc.
RECYCLING