This document summarizes key concepts about heat from a physics lecture: 1) Heat is defined as the flow of energy between two objects due to a temperature difference. It can cause increases in an object's internal energy and temperature. 2) The specific heat of a material determines how much heat is required to change its temperature. 3) Latent heat is the heat absorbed or released during phase changes without a temperature change. For example, melting ice absorbs heat but the temperature remains 0°C. 4) Cooling occurs when heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler one, such as ice melting to cool a drink through latent heat absorption.

7. Specific Heat ACT Suppose you have equal masses of aluminum and copper at the same initial temperature. You add 1000 J of heat to each of them. Which one ends up at the higher final temperature A) aluminum B) copper C) the same  T = Q / cm Correct Substance c in J/(kg-C) aluminum 900 copper 387 iron 452 lead 128 human body 3500 water 4186 ice 2000

13. Phase Diagrams