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BASIC LIFE SUPPORTBASIC LIFE SUPPORT

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OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:
 Define theDefine the basic conceptsbasic concepts of CPRof CPR
 Identify theIdentify the basic mnemonicbasic mnemonic of Basic Lifeof Basic Life
SupportSupport
 Identify theIdentify the chain of survivalchain of survival for adultfor adult
 Explain the adultExplain the adult managementmanagement of airway,of airway,
breathing and circulationbreathing and circulation

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20
60%

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Content
 Adult One rescuer CPR technique
 Adult Two rescuer CPR technique
 Airway Obstruction – Conscious (Heimlich
Manoeuvre)
 Airway Obstruction – become Unconscious
 Airway Obstruction – Found Unconscious
 Care of unconscious victim ( Recovery position)

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Chain of Survival
The 5 links in adult chain of survival are:
- Early access
- Early CPR
- Rapid defibrillation Effective advance
life support
- Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

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CAB VS ABC???CAB VS ABC???

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EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLESEMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
AssessmentAssessment
D = DangerD = Danger
R = ResponseR = Response
C = CirculationC = Circulation
A = AirwayA = Airway
B = BreathingB = Breathing

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No more Look, Listen and FeelNo more Look, Listen and Feel
 should not delay activating EMS
 3 things remain simultaneously :
1. Response
2. Breathing
3. Pulse ( within 10 second)

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Danger
 Make sure the scene is safe for you and victim
Response
 Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout, “Are you all right?”
 No response, activate EMS “999”
 Check pulse and breathing

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Chest Compression
 Compress the center of victims' chest
 Start compression within 10 seconds of
recognition of cardiac arrest
 Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
 Minimize interruption in compressions (limit lest than
10 sec)
 Push hard, push fast:
- compress at a rate of at least 100/min
- Compress depth at least 2 inches (5cm)

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Chest Compression
 Give effective breaths that make chest raise
 Avoid excessive ventilation
 Ratio 30:2
 Recheck after 5 cycles

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Breathing
 Breathing devices
1-way valve face mask
- Deliver air over 1 second to make the victim’s chest
raise
Bag-Mask
- Use the E-C clamp technique to hold mask in place
while you lift up the jaw to open airway
- Squeeze the bag to give breath (1 second each) while
watching for chest rise

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Rescue Breathing
 To perform when victim has pulse but no breathing
 Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds (about 10 to 12
breaths per minute)
 Rescuer’s exhaled air contain approximately 17%
oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide
 Give each breath 1 second
 Each breath should result in visible chest rise
 Check pulse every 2 minutes

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Rescue Breathing
 Avoid giving breaths too rapidly, too forcefully and with
too much volume as it will cause gastric inflation.
 Gastric inflation can resulting victim vomit, aspiration or
pneumonia
 To reduce risk of gastric inflation:
1. Take 1 second to deliver each breath
2. Deliver air until you make victim’s chest rise

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RECOVERYRECOVERY
POSITIONPOSITION
If there is pulse and casualty is breathing.If there is pulse and casualty is breathing.
September 16, 2013September 16, 2013
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NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 1 If the victim is breathing normally
– place the victim in recovery position.
September 16, 2013September 16, 2013
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NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 2
September 16, 2013September 16, 2013
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NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 3
September 16, 2013September 16, 2013
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NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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STEP 4
September 16, 2013September 16, 2013
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NURSING - KDU COLLEGENURSING - KDU COLLEGE

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Assess Severity
Severe
(ineffective cough)
Mild
(effective cough)
Unconscious
Start CPR
Conscious
5 abdominal
thrusts
Encourage cough
Continue to check for
deterioration to ineffective
cough or until obstruction
relieved.

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ADULT – FOREIGN BODYADULT – FOREIGN BODY
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONAIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
 MILDMILD (effective cough)(effective cough)
- Present of Universal Choking Sign- Present of Universal Choking Sign
- Ask : Are You Choke?- Ask : Are You Choke?
Can You Speak?Can You Speak?
Can I Help You?Can I Help You?
 Encourage coughEncourage cough
 Continue to check for deterioration to ineffective coughContinue to check for deterioration to ineffective cough
or until obstruction relievedor until obstruction relieved

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 SEVERESEVERE (ineffective cough)(ineffective cough)
 ConsciousConscious
 5 back blows5 back blows
 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
 Back BlowsBack Blows
 Stand to the side and slightly behind the victim.Stand to the side and slightly behind the victim.
 Support the chest with one hand and lean the victimSupport the chest with one hand and lean the victim
forward….???forward….???
 Give 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heelGive 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heel
of your hand.of your hand.
 If fail then use abdominal thrust.If fail then use abdominal thrust.

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 Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver)Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver)
 Stand behind the victim and wrap both arms round theStand behind the victim and wrap both arms round the
waist.waist.
 Clench your fist with 1 handClench your fist with 1 hand
 Place thumb side of your fist against the victim’sPlace thumb side of your fist against the victim’s
abdomen, in the midline, slightly above the navel andabdomen, in the midline, slightly above the navel and
well below breastbone.well below breastbone.
 Grasp your fist firmly with your other hand and pressGrasp your fist firmly with your other hand and press
your fist into victim’s abdomen with quick, forcefulyour fist into victim’s abdomen with quick, forceful
upwards thrust.upwards thrust.
 Repeat thrusts until object is expelled from airway orRepeat thrusts until object is expelled from airway or
victim become unconsciousvictim become unconscious
 Give each new thrust with a separate, distinct movementGive each new thrust with a separate, distinct movement
to relieve the obstructionto relieve the obstruction

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ABDOMINAL THRUSTABDOMINAL THRUST

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 UnconsciousUnconscious
 Start CPRStart CPR
 Open airway and remove foreign object with fingerOpen airway and remove foreign object with finger
sweep if it is visible or elsesweep if it is visible or else DO NOT APPLY BLINDDO NOT APPLY BLIND
FINGER SWEEP.FINGER SWEEP.

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Special Precautions:Special Precautions:
CHEST THRUSTCHEST THRUST
should be apply forshould be apply for obeseobese andand pregnancypregnancy victim.victim.