Meaning, Functions, Types, and Theories of Management

2. Meaning, Functions,
Types and Theories
of Management

3. “Whose Job Is It, Anyway?”
This is a story about four people named
Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody.
There was an important job to be done and
Everybody was sure that Somebody would do
it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did
it. Somebody got angry about that, because it
was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought
Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that
Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that
Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody
did what Anybody could have.

4. Definitions of Management
Effective- meeting the desired result of an objective
Management is the process of harmonizing and administration of
people, task and functions within an organization to work effectively
and efficiently.
Efficient – meeting the desired result within or less than the
prescribed time and resources.

5. Management comes from the latin
word maneggiare, which means “
handle (tools or equipment).”
Maneggiare derives from the latin
words manus which means “ hand”
and agere which is “to act”
Definitions of Management

6. Mary Parker Follet (1868-1933)
An American Social Worker,
management consultant and
philosopher who is known
“ Mother of Modern
Management”
- Management- is the art of
getting things done through
people.

7. Henri Fayol (1841-1925)
- Management- “ to manage is to
forecast and to plan, to
organize, to command, to
coordinate and to control”
“ Father of Principles of
Management”

8. Frederick Taylor (1865-1915)
- Management- “ an art of
knowing what to do, when to
do and see that is done in the
best and cheapest way”
“ Father of Scientific
Management”
Founder of “Taylorism”

9. EFFECTIVE +
EFFICIENCY =
GOOD MANAGEMENT

10. Management Features
It utilizes the resources efficiently
Process – a systematic way of doing things
Achieves stated goal

11. Man
Money
Machin
e
Materials
Method
Measurement
Marketing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

21. Tony Tan Caktiong
Filipino businessman

22. Henry T. Sy, Jr.

23. Lucio Co

24. John Robinson Lim Gokongwei
Jr.

25. Jaime Augusto Zobel de
Ayala

26. MANAGEMENT:
Arts or Science?
Science: knowledge about study of the natural world
based on FACTS learned through EXPERIMENTS and
OBSERVATION.
Arts: skill acquired by EXPERIENCE, STUDY or
observation.

27. MANAGEMENT: Arts or Science?
Science
in a sense that during the turn of 20th century
management’s scientific aspects have been
emphasized. The scientific nature of management is
reflected in the fact that is based on more or less
codified body of knowledge consisting of theories
and principles that are subject to study and further
experimentation.

28. MANAGEMENT: Arts or Science?
Art
as it deals with human elements. The personalized
application of skills and talents regarding decision
making, the interpersonal skills and talents
regarding decision making, the interpersonal
relationship among employees, and the use of
creativity and application of various principles to
achieve desired results attribute management as an
Art.

29. MANAGEMENT: Arts or Science?
Both Art and Science
It is considered as Science because managers need
facts and information based on gathered data to
come up with a solution. Art because managers
need specific skills which are innate in a manager.
Science deals with knowledge while art deals with
the application of the knowledge through the use of
skills.

30. Definition of Terms
Management Theories- Theories that help improve
the management process.
Management Process- the coordinating and
overseeing of the work performance of individuals
working together in organizations so that they could
efficiently and effectively accomplish their chosen
goals.

31. EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES

32. Scientific Management Theory
The advocate of the theory is Frederick W. Taylor (1865 –
1915) and known as the Father of Scientific
Management. “one best way” for a job to be done.
Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles
 Use scientific approach in developing an element for each
worker not just a mere rule of thumb.
 make the employees grow by training, teaching and
developing workers for efficiency.
 Cooperation and not individualism
 division of labor accordingly

33. Scientific Management Theory
The Gilbreth’s Frank (1868-1924)
and Lillian (1878-1972)
They devised a classification scheme to label 17
basic hand motions called THERBLIGS ( derived
from Gilbreth spelled backward)

34. Administrative Management Theory
The General Administrative Theory emphasizes
departmentalization of functions or activities to be
performed for achieving a common purpose.
It also focuses on the good management practice or
implementation. Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and Max
Weber (1864-1920) are the people associated with
such theory.

35. Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri
Fayol
1. Division of labor – breaking of job into specialized tasks for
efficiency of productivity.
2. Authority – right given to a person to influence by giving
orders or command to a person.
3. Discipline – the uniform application of rightful behavior.
4. Unity of Command – employees must have only one
supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – efforts of every employee must be
aligned to organizational objectives.
6. Subordination of the individual interest to the general
interest –employees must prioritize the welfare of the

36. Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri Fayol
7. Remuneration – employees should be paid fairly and
accordingly with the prescribed labor laws.
8. Centralization – the concentration of control of an activity or
organization under a single authority. Decentralization is the
empowerment of sub-groups in organization due to complexity
or growth.
9. Scalar chain – employees should follow the official chain of
command and must not by-pass the authorities found in
organizational charts

37. Administrative Management Theory
14 Management Principles of Henri Fayol
10. Order – human and non-human resources should be in
proper places.
11. Equity – result of kindliness and justice in every decision.
12. Stability of tenure – employees must be assured of
permanency of job position.
13. Initiative – management must let employees to act own
their own free-will or volition.
14. Esprit de Corps – teamwork by having harmony and sense
of unity.

38. Administrative Management Theory
Max Weber (1864-1920)
“Father of Bureaucracy”
1. division of labor
2. hierarchical identification
3. detailed rules and regulations
4. impersonal connections with one another

39. Behavioral Management Theory
- Human Relations Movement- focuses on
the human aspect of work
The three proponent of this theory are
Mary Parker Follett, Elton Mayo and
Chester Barnard.

40. Behavioral Management Theory
Mary Parker Follett- known for developing
constructive conflict and coordination,
she believed that conflict could be beneficial,
where in managers could deal
conflicts in three ways:
domination, compromise, integration

41. Behavioral Management Theory
Mary Parker Follett Theories- to exist coordination
among workers.
1. Increase opportunities for colleagues to work together
by establishing project teams, digital conference calls, or
open-plan offices.
2. Allow individuals greater flexibility to achieve their
appraisal targets in their own way.
3. Encourage a flat hierarchy structure across the
organization. Employees shouldn’t feel devalued but
should feel that leaders are “powering with” employees.
4. Create a buddy system.

42. Behavioral Management Theory
Elton Mayo Hawthorne (1880-1949)
Harvard Researcher
Hawthorne effect- Studies found that
human factors related to work are more
important than the physical condition or
the design of work, thus workers’ feelings
and attitude affected their work
performance

43. Behavioral Management Theory
Abraham Maslow translated Mayo's 'social
needs' into a five level 'hierarchy of needs'

44. Management Science Theory
Quantitative Theory originated in World War II and
revealed that the spirit of scientific management
commitment, use of quantitative measurement
and computer modeling theory such as analysis of
complex business problems which gradually
become a branch of the management science and
operations management perspective.
Contributes to managerial decision making,
particularly in planning and controlling.

45. Organizational Environment Theory
Organization is a part of larger environment
outside its boundaries and is affected by social,
technical and economic factors which are in form
of systems perspective based on physical
sciences.
Basic types of systems:
Open system- interacts with its environment
Closed System- has NO interaction with its
environment.

46. Directions: Read the paragraph and
Scenario:
You are employed by a 350-bed urban medical center.
You directly supervise 30 staff Physical Therapists in the
Rehabilitation Department in which you are the
Department Head (DH). Over the last 5 years leadership
has discussed merging with another smaller hospital in
the local area. This hospital is a 120-bed facility that has
faced various financial and patient care safety issues.
As a result of the merger the management structure
has been realigned to ensure operational functions of
both physical facilities are controlled by a single
manager-you have been chosen as that new manager.

47. Draw your concept
of a manager

48. Instructions:
Choose one of the five basic
management functions: Planning,
Organizing, Staffing, Leading or
Controlling. Clearly describe why you
chose this function and why you feel this
particular function is essential to your
effective management as a result of the
merger.

49. ASSIGNMENT
MANAGING MY PRECIOUS
TIME
Make a weekly schedule plan for your daily activities
from 6:00 am to 9:00pm, Mondays - Sundays for one
whole month. Write your goal first before making a
schedule.
GOAL:
_____________________________________________

50. ASSIGNMENT
GOAL:
______________________________________________
TIME MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00

52. Management is the science of
making resources and people
productive.

53. Organizing is an art of filling
out vacant positions in the
company.

54. Management has seven basic
functions.

55. Employees are considered as
resources in an organization.

56. Behavioral management
Theory focuses on the human
aspect.

57. There is no one-size-fits-all
management strategy.

58. Staffing is the determination of personnel
needs and the selection,
orientation, training and continuing
evaluation of employees’
performances.

59. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
is based on the assumption of
the
Human needs.

60. Frederick W. Taylor is known
as the “Father of Scientific
Management”

61. Planning deals with plotting and
jotting down of action plans and
decisions in advance.

62. Directions: Read each statement
carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

63. 1. __________Often called human
relations movement.
a. Management Scientific Theory
b. Organizational Environment Theory
c. Behavioral Management
d. Administrative Management

64. 2. __________ The most significant
contributor in this field of management theory
was Frederick Taylor.
a. Scientific Management
b. Organizational Environment Theory
c. Behavioral Management
d. Administrative Management

65. 3. __________Management theory that
focuses more on the entire organization by
developing general theories of what
managers do and what compromised well
management practice.
a. Scientific Management
b. Organizational Environment Theory
c. Behavioral Management
d. Administrative Management

66. 4. __________ Known as the Father of
“Scientific Management”
a. Frederick C. Taylor
b. Frederick P. Taylor
c. Frederick M. Taylor
d. Frederick W. Taylor

67. 5. __________Management consultant and
philosopher who is known as the “Mother
of Modern Management”.
a. Mary Pater Follet
b. Mary Parker Follet
c. Mary Higgin Clark
d. Mary Jordan Park

68. 6. __________An Italian word which means
“MANAGEMENT
a. Manegiare
b. Maneggiare
c. Managgiare
d. Managiare

69. 7. __________Management function which
pertains to supervising, motivating and
coaching subordinate to work efficiently and
effectively.
a. Staffing
b. Leading
c. Organizing
d. Planning

70. 8. __________It deals with plotting and jotting
down actions and decisions in advance
to achieve the pre-determined goals of the
organization.
a. Staffing
b. Leading
c. Organizing
d. Planning

71. 9. __________The process of bringing
together physical, financial and human
resources and developing productive
relationship amongst them.
a. Staffing
b. Leading
c. Organizing
d. Planning

72. 10. _________ Three (3) types of
management skills that are essential for
successful management process.
a. Conceptual, Leading and Human
b. Informational, Decisional and Interpersonal
c. Conceptual, Technical and Human
d. Controlling, Planning and Staffing

73. 11. __________The alteration of behavior by
the subjects of a study due to their awareness
of being observed.
a. Behavioral Management Theory
b. Hawthorne Effect
c. Centralization
d. Scalar Chain

74. 12. ________Theory originated in World War
II and revealed that the spirit of scientific
management commitment, use of quantitative
measurement.
a. Behavioral Management Theory
b. Administrative Management Theory
c. Management Science Theory
d. Organizational Management Theory

75. 13.__________Management function which
pertains to the determination of personnel
needs and the selection, orientation, training
and evaluation of individuals in an
organization.
a. Staffing
b. Leading
c. Organizing
d. Planning

76. 14. ______Mean inspiring, stimulating or
encouraging the subordinates with zeal
to work. Monetary or non-monetary may be
used for this purpose.
a. Leadership
b. Motivation
c. Communication
d. Supervision

77. 15.__________May be defined as a process
by which manager guides and influences
the work of subordinates in the desired
direction.
a. Leadership
b. Motivation
c. Communication
d. Supervision