2. Contents:
1. Elements of Design
2. Principles of design
3. Plant Selection
4. Design Guidelines
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3. 1. Form
2. Color
3. Texture
4. Line
5. Scale & Proportion
Elements of Design
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4. The shape or structure of a plant or object is its
form. Forms can be:
1. Spreading and rounded;
2. Columnar and pyramidal;
3. Picturesque and drooping;
4. Massing of plants;
5. Geometric forms.
Rounded Form of Herb Pyramidal Form of
Plants
Columnar Form of
Conifer
In landscape design, color is crucial.
Ways color can be used in a landscape:
•Draw attention to an important feature
•Attract wildlife
•Provide seasonal variety
•Create harmony by similar colors.
Color combination of Garden (Consisted with Herbs, Plants, Shrubs)
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5. Generally texture is added to a garden
with plants. Plant texture refers to :
• Fineness or coarseness,
• Roughness or smoothness,
• Heaviness or lightness.
Fine texture Medium textureCoarse texture
Fine
Coarse Medium
Different types of texture
Size relationship between elements and
the surrounding spaces.
Some terms used in scale and proportion:
1. Relative proportion;
2. Absolute proportion;
3. Absolute scale;
4. Human scale.
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6. • Often line refers to the structures within a landscape.
Straight line Curved line Meandering lines
Vertical lines
Horizontal
Bed lines
Tamarisk trees are used on
both side of straight line
Land cover
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8. Unity, in landscape design, is the
overarching design principle that is
used to create a sense of wholeness or
harmony in the landscape.
Unity at the Entrance
• Simplicity is the essence of design.
• Visually, functionally and
aesthetically improves the
appearance of the landscape at an
affordable cost.
Simplicity created by Turfing at garden
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9. Balance is either :
• Formal (symmetrical)
• Informal (asymmetrical)
Formal Balance Informal Balance
A center of interest that takes a
position of prominence in the
landscape. Can be:
• A single tree,
• A beautifully designed water
feature,
• A piece of sculpture etc. Focal Point
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10. • By repetitiously using identical or similar
components elsewhere in the landscape, it is easy to
achieve a unified planting scheme.
• Rhythm: Placement of plants, park furniture, etc.,
either individually or as group.
Rhythm
Repetition
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11. The effective use of sequence is often employed
to create visual movement in the landscape.
• Variety is the spice of life.
• Without variety in both the use of ‘hard’ and
‘soft’ landscape materials, this can lead to
unfavorable results.
A variety of forms creates significant landscape interest
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14. • Color Value is defined as the relative lightness or darkness of a color.
• Contrast of value separates objects in space, while gradation of value
suggests mass and contour of a contiguous surface.
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15. 1. Mature size and proper spacing;
2. Long or short life;
3. Evergreen and deciduous;
4. Potential root damage;
5. Pests and diseases;
6. Weather conditions;
7. Soil conditions.
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16. 1. Preserving and enhancing existing natural landforms;
2. Minimizing adverse impacts on the natural habitat;
3. Prevent pollution;
4. Low maintenance landscape;
5. Install standardized, water efficient irrigation systems;
6. Screen incompatible elements (mass plantings, berms);
7. Use throne less and nontoxic plant;
8. Use durable , well constructed and vandal resistant site amenities.
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